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Author: Younes Sangsefidi Publisher: ISBN: Category : Electric current converters Languages : en Pages : 93
Book Description
A modular multilevel converter (MMC) has a modular design and features low harmonic distortion and switching frequency. An MMC can be switched using staircase modulation method (which has a low switching frequency) or the common pulse-width modulation PWM method (which has a better harmonic performance). There are two main types of MMCs: 1) MMC with half-bridge submodules, which has an output voltage with a peak-to-peak magnitude limited to its DC link voltage and 2) MMC with full-bridge submodules, which has voltage boosting (step-up) capability. This work proposes a step-up MMC with reduced number of switches in its submodules (reduced-switch submodule: RSSM) for energy harvesting from low-voltage resources. This work first proposes the following methods and strategies for this MMC-RSSM with staircase modulation for an arbitrary number of submodules: 1) an analytical method to study different operating modes of MMC-RSSM, 2) a generalized switching strategy to synthesize the output AC voltage and regulate the voltages of capacitors in all operating modes, and 3) an algorithm to improve the transient response of the MMC during start-up or transition between operating modes. For applications with bidirectional power transfer, the RSSMs should be replaced by full-bridge submodules to allow both positive and negative arm currents. In this work, the proposed switching strategy (which focuses on energy harvesting systems with a unidirectional power transfer) is then extended to bidirectional MMC-FBSMs. This work also proposes a low-switching frequency PWM-based switching strategy for the MMC-RSSM. This PWM-based switching strategy provides a continuous control over capacitor voltages and a higher voltage boost without a significant increase in switching frequency. Simulation and experimental results validate the proposed topology, analysis, and switching strategy.
Author: Younes Sangsefidi Publisher: ISBN: Category : Electric current converters Languages : en Pages : 93
Book Description
A modular multilevel converter (MMC) has a modular design and features low harmonic distortion and switching frequency. An MMC can be switched using staircase modulation method (which has a low switching frequency) or the common pulse-width modulation PWM method (which has a better harmonic performance). There are two main types of MMCs: 1) MMC with half-bridge submodules, which has an output voltage with a peak-to-peak magnitude limited to its DC link voltage and 2) MMC with full-bridge submodules, which has voltage boosting (step-up) capability. This work proposes a step-up MMC with reduced number of switches in its submodules (reduced-switch submodule: RSSM) for energy harvesting from low-voltage resources. This work first proposes the following methods and strategies for this MMC-RSSM with staircase modulation for an arbitrary number of submodules: 1) an analytical method to study different operating modes of MMC-RSSM, 2) a generalized switching strategy to synthesize the output AC voltage and regulate the voltages of capacitors in all operating modes, and 3) an algorithm to improve the transient response of the MMC during start-up or transition between operating modes. For applications with bidirectional power transfer, the RSSMs should be replaced by full-bridge submodules to allow both positive and negative arm currents. In this work, the proposed switching strategy (which focuses on energy harvesting systems with a unidirectional power transfer) is then extended to bidirectional MMC-FBSMs. This work also proposes a low-switching frequency PWM-based switching strategy for the MMC-RSSM. This PWM-based switching strategy provides a continuous control over capacitor voltages and a higher voltage boost without a significant increase in switching frequency. Simulation and experimental results validate the proposed topology, analysis, and switching strategy.
Author: Haider Ghazi Mhiesan Publisher: ISBN: Category : DC-to-DC converters Languages : en Pages : 174
Book Description
This thesis focuses on a high step-up/down transformerless dc-dc modular multilevel converter (MMC) that would be applicable to dc power systems. The design achieves high voltage ratios for interfacing renewable energy sources such as photovoltaic and line interactive Uninterruptible Power System (UPS) systems. The circuit topology provides for high step-up/down dc-dc conversion ratios using an MMC approach operating in resonant mode in order to improve overall efficiency. This topology operates to step-up the input voltage with 1:10 or larger conversion ratio. As a bidirectional converter, it also provides step-down capability at the same voltage ratio (10:1 or greater). The MMC circuit system consists of an upper and lower set of cells. The number of the upper cells is N, and the number of the lower cells is M. Phase-shift pulse width modulation (PS-PWM) is used to control voltage and power flow. PS-PWM with high duty cycle is generated to ensure that all the capacitors are connected except for one of them, which is out of the connection. A MATLAB/SimulinkTM and LTspice simulations for the proposed topology are presented. Moreover, PV and UPS systems with the proposed topology are simulated using MATLAB/SimulinkTM. In photovoltaic application systems, a closed loop control system is represented for voltage regulation in case there is a change in the input voltage. In UPS application, closed loop controllers for charging and discharging batteries are presented.
Author: Md. Rabiul Islam Publisher: Springer ISBN: 3662445298 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 312
Book Description
This book examines a number of topics, mainly in connection with advances in semiconductor devices and magnetic materials and developments in medium and large-scale renewable power plant technologies, grid integration techniques and new converter topologies, including advanced digital control systems for medium-voltage networks. The book’s individual chapters provide an extensive compilation of fundamental theories and in-depth information on current research and development trends, while also exploring new approaches to overcoming some critical limitations of conventional grid integration technologies. Its main objective is to present the design and implementation processes for medium-voltage converters, allowing the direct grid integration of renewable power plants without the need for step-up transformers.
Author: Salman Ahmad Publisher: John Wiley & Sons ISBN: 1394167350 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 390
Book Description
Discover the deep insights into the operation, modulation, and control strategies of multilevel converters, alongside their recent applications in variable speed drives, renewable energy generation, and power systems. Multilevel converters have gained attention in recent years for medium/high voltage and high power industrial and residential applications. The main advantages of multilevel converters over two level converters include less voltage stress on power semiconductors, low dv/dt, low common voltage, reduced electromagnetic interference, and low total harmonics distortion, among others. Better output power quality is ensured by increasing the number of levels in the synthesized output voltage waveform. Several multilevel topologies have been reported in the literature, such as neutral point clamped (NPC), flying capacitor (FC), cascaded H-bridge (CHB), hybrid cascaded H-bridge, asymmetrical cascaded H-bridge, modular multilevel converters (MMC), active neutral point clamped converters (ANPC), and packed U-cell type converters and various reduced device counts and a reduced number of source-based topologies have been proposed in literature. The multilevel converter, although a proven and enabling technology, still presents numerous challenges in topologies, modulation, and control, as well as in need-based applications. Since multilevel converters offer a wide range of possibilities, research and development in the areas of multilevel converter topologies, modulation, and control in various applications are still growing. To further improve multilevel converter energy efficiency, reliability, power density, and cost, many research groups across the world are working to broaden the application areas of multilevel converters and make them more attractive and competitive compared to classic topologies. Multilevel Converters intends to provide deep insight about multilevel converter operation, modulation, and control strategies and various recent applications of multilevel converters such as in variable speed drives, renewable energy generation, and power systems.
Author: Dongsheng Ma Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 1461441870 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 182
Book Description
This book provides readers specializing in ultra-low power supply design for self-powered applications an invaluable reference on reconfigurable switched capacitor power converters. Readers will benefit from a comprehensive introduction to the design of robust power supplies for energy harvesting and self-power applications, focusing on the use of reconfigurable switched capacitor based DC-DC converters, which is ideal for such applications. Coverage includes all aspects of switched capacitor power supply designs, from fundamentals, to reconfigurable power stages, and sophisticated controller designs.
Author: Sixing Du Publisher: John Wiley & Sons ISBN: 1119366305 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 360
Book Description
An invaluable academic reference for the area of high-power converters, covering all the latest developments in the field High-power multilevel converters are well known in industry and academia as one of the preferred choices for efficient power conversion. Over the past decade, several power converters have been developed and commercialized in the form of standard and customized products that power a wide range of industrial applications. Currently, the modular multilevel converter is a fast-growing technology and has received wide acceptance from both industry and academia. Providing adequate technical background for graduate- and undergraduate-level teaching, this book includes a comprehensive analysis of the conventional and advanced modular multilevel converters employed in motor drives, HVDC systems, and power quality improvement. Modular Multilevel Converters: Analysis, Control, and Applications provides an overview of high-power converters, reference frame theory, classical control methods, pulse width modulation schemes, advanced model predictive control methods, modeling of ac drives, advanced drive control schemes, modeling and control of HVDC systems, active and reactive power control, power quality problems, reactive power, harmonics and unbalance compensation, modeling and control of static synchronous compensators (STATCOM) and unified power quality compensators. Furthermore, this book: Explores technical challenges, modeling, and control of various modular multilevel converters in a wide range of applications such as transformer and transformerless motor drives, high voltage direct current transmission systems, and power quality improvement Reflects the latest developments in high-power converters in medium-voltage motor drive systems Offers design guidance with tables, charts graphs, and MATLAB simulations Modular Multilevel Converters: Analysis, Control, and Applications is a valuable reference book for academic researchers, practicing engineers, and other professionals in the field of high power converters. It also serves well as a textbook for graduate-level students.
Author: Sergio Alberto Gonzalez Publisher: CRC Press ISBN: 1351832557 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 245
Book Description
Modern semiconductor devices have reached high current and voltage levels, and their power-handling limits can be extended if they are used in multilevel converter configurations. To create high-performance and reliable control designs, however, engineers need in-depth understanding of the characteristics and operation of these topologies. Multilevel Converters for Industrial Applications presents a thorough and comprehensive analysis of multilevel converters with a common DC voltage source. The book offers a novel perspective to help readers understand the principles of the operation of voltage-source multilevel converters as power processors, and their capabilities and limitations. The book begins with an overview of medium-voltage power converters and their applications. It then analyzes the topological characteristics of the diode-clamped multilevel converter, the flying capacitor multilevel converter, and the asymmetric cascaded multilevel converter. For each topology, the authors highlight particular control issues and design trade-offs. They also develop relevant modulation and control strategies. Numerous graphical representations aid in the analysis of the topologies and are useful for beginning the analysis of new multilevel converter topologies. The last two chapters of the book explore two case studies that analyze the behavior of the cascade asymmetric multilevel converter as a distribution static compensator and shunt active power filter, and the behavior of the diode-clamped topology configured as a back-to-back converter. These case studies demonstrate how to address the associated control problems with advanced control and modulation schemes. Examining recent advances, this book provides deep insight on the design of high-power multilevel converters and their applications. It is a valuable reference for anyone interested in medium-voltage power conversion, which is increasingly being used in industry and in renewable energy and distributed generation systems to improve efficiency and operation flexibility.
Author: Yuan Li Publisher: ISBN: Category : Electric power transmission Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
The MMC is the dominant voltage-sourced converter technology for HVDC systems including terrestrial power transmission and offshore wind power integration. It is also a state-of-the-art solution for emerging MVDC applications such as bipolar dc distribution and grid integration of renewable energy resources. Significant research has been recently targeting the development of new MMC-based topologies that can reap the benefits of the conventional dc-ac MMC in dc grids and hybrid ac/dc power systems. Notable examples include dc-dc converters, multi-port converters, line power flow controllers and power tapping stations. This thesis introduces the concept of multi-frequency power transfer in MMCs where the magnetics windings are multi-tasked to carry currents with multiple frequency components, namely dc and fundamental frequency. Core dc flux cancellation is imposed by appropriate orientation of the individual windings. This novel power transfer mechanism can eliminate redundant energy conversion through partial-power-processing while offering increased flexibility in converter port power flows. Based on the multi-frequency power transfer concept, new MMC-based topologies are proposed that are well suited for MVDC and HVDC grids and hybrid ac/dc systems. Firstly, a new class of single-stage modular multilevel dc-dc converter, termed the M2DC-CT, is proposed for applications requiring either high or low dc stepping ratios. By placing center-tapped transformer windings in series with the arms in each phase leg, the advantages of minimized ac arm currents and absence of dc voltage stress between windings are simultaneously obtained unlike in prior art. Modeling and analysis gives insight into the M2DC-CT multi-frequency power transfer characteristics and suitable converter controls are developed. Converter operation is validated through simulation and experiment. %The M2DC-CT is further extended into a three-port converter by addition of a grid side transformer winding. Secondly, a dual MMC structure is presented that achieves multi-frequency power transfer by tying together the three mid-points of the converter-side center-tapped transformer windings to form an additional dc port. This creates a bipolar MMC with the ability to balance the dc pole power flows in bipolar dc grids. The employed center-tapped transformer has a Volt-Ampere rating that is the same as a conventional grid interfacing transformer. Dynamic controls formulated in the $\alpha\beta$-frame provide tight regulation of the port power flows while ensuring balanced capacitor voltages. The independent pole balancing capability is confirmed through simulation of detailed MVDC-level and HVDC-level PSCAD models and rigorous experimental testing on a scaled-down laboratory prototype. Thirdly, the aforementioned multi-frequency dual MMC structure is proposed for use as a three-port MMC. It allows simultaneous dc-dc and dc-ac conversions between an ac grid and two dc systems, which is distinctly different from the earlier bipolar dc grid application. The $\alpha\beta$ controls developed earlier are easily extended for the three-port application by assigning appropriate reference signals. Steady-state and dynamic operation of the three-port dual MMC topology is validated by simulation with a HVDC-level PSCAD model and extensive experimental tests. Lastly, a detailed comparative assessment of three-port MMCs for high-power applications is conducted. The proposed three-port dual MMC structure and three-port version of the M2DC-CT are compared against two other existing three-port MMCs, on the basis of efficiency, semiconductor effort, internal energy storage and magnetics. Both MVDC and HVDC case studies are examined including several different power flow cases, with provisions for fault blocking. The results indicate the use of multi-frequency power transfer can enable significant reductions in converter operating losses and cost relative to prior art, depending on the application.
Author: Younes Sangsefidi
Author: Younes Sangsefidi
Author: Haider Ghazi Mhiesan
Author: Sudhakar Babu Thanikanti
Author: Md. Rabiul Islam
Author: Salman Ahmad
Author: Dongsheng Ma
Author: 
Author: Sixing Du
Author: Sergio Alberto Gonzalez
Author: Yuan Li