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Author: Raju Khatiwada Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
Phosphorus (P) management in reduced tillage systems has been a great concern for farmers. Conclusive results for benefits of deep banding of P fertilizers for plant yield in reduced tillage system are still lacking. Knowledge of the dominant solid P species present in soil following application of P fertilizers and linking that to potential P availability would help us to design better P management practices. The objectives of this research were to understand the influence of placement (broadcast- vs. deep band-P or deep placed-P), fertilizer source (granular- versus liquid-P), and time on reaction products of P. Greenhouse and field based experiments were conducted to study P behavior in soils. Soil pH, resin extractable P, total P, and speciation of P were determined at different distances from the point of fertilizer application at 5 weeks (greenhouse and field) and 6 months (field) after P application (at rate 75 kg/ha) to a soil system that was under long-term reduced tillage. X-ray absorption near edge structure spectroscopy technique was used to speciate reaction products of fertilizer P in the soil. The reaction products of P formed upon addition of P fertilizers to soils were found to be influenced by soil pH, P placement methods, and P sources. Acidic pH (below~5.8) tended to favor formation of Fe-P and Al-P like forms whereas slightly acidic near neutral pH soils favored formation of Ca-P like forms. Scanning electron microscope with energy dispersive X-ray analysis of applied fertilizer granules at 5-wk showed enrichment of Al, Fe and Ca in granule- indicating these elements begin to react with applied P even before granules dissolve completely. The availability of an applied P fertilizer was found to be enhanced as a result of the deep banding as compared to the surface broadcasting or deep placed methods. Deep banded liquid MAP was found to be in more adsorbed P like forms and resulted greater resin extractable P both at 5 wk and 6 month after application. Deep banding of liquid MAP would most likely result both agronomically and environmentally efficient solution for no-till farmers.
Author: Raju Khatiwada Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
Phosphorus (P) management in reduced tillage systems has been a great concern for farmers. Conclusive results for benefits of deep banding of P fertilizers for plant yield in reduced tillage system are still lacking. Knowledge of the dominant solid P species present in soil following application of P fertilizers and linking that to potential P availability would help us to design better P management practices. The objectives of this research were to understand the influence of placement (broadcast- vs. deep band-P or deep placed-P), fertilizer source (granular- versus liquid-P), and time on reaction products of P. Greenhouse and field based experiments were conducted to study P behavior in soils. Soil pH, resin extractable P, total P, and speciation of P were determined at different distances from the point of fertilizer application at 5 weeks (greenhouse and field) and 6 months (field) after P application (at rate 75 kg/ha) to a soil system that was under long-term reduced tillage. X-ray absorption near edge structure spectroscopy technique was used to speciate reaction products of fertilizer P in the soil. The reaction products of P formed upon addition of P fertilizers to soils were found to be influenced by soil pH, P placement methods, and P sources. Acidic pH (below~5.8) tended to favor formation of Fe-P and Al-P like forms whereas slightly acidic near neutral pH soils favored formation of Ca-P like forms. Scanning electron microscope with energy dispersive X-ray analysis of applied fertilizer granules at 5-wk showed enrichment of Al, Fe and Ca in granule- indicating these elements begin to react with applied P even before granules dissolve completely. The availability of an applied P fertilizer was found to be enhanced as a result of the deep banding as compared to the surface broadcasting or deep placed methods. Deep banded liquid MAP was found to be in more adsorbed P like forms and resulted greater resin extractable P both at 5 wk and 6 month after application. Deep banding of liquid MAP would most likely result both agronomically and environmentally efficient solution for no-till farmers.
Author: Publisher: ScholarlyEditions ISBN: 1490108432 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 966
Book Description
Issues in Agriculture and the Environment / 2013 Edition is a ScholarlyEditions™ book that delivers timely, authoritative, and comprehensive information about Agricultural Ecosystems. The editors have built Issues in Agriculture and the Environment: 2013 Edition on the vast information databases of ScholarlyNews.™ You can expect the information about Agricultural Ecosystems in this book to be deeper than what you can access anywhere else, as well as consistently reliable, authoritative, informed, and relevant. The content of Issues in Agriculture and the Environment: 2013 Edition has been produced by the world’s leading scientists, engineers, analysts, research institutions, and companies. All of the content is from peer-reviewed sources, and all of it is written, assembled, and edited by the editors at ScholarlyEditions™ and available exclusively from us. You now have a source you can cite with authority, confidence, and credibility. More information is available at http://www.ScholarlyEditions.com/.
Author: Christopher J. G. Van Esbroeck Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 129
Book Description
This study examined the role of tile drainage and overland flow in field-scale phosphorus (P) export from reduced tillage systems, as well as the influence of event type and antecedent conditions on P export during major runoff events. Three field-scale sites representing a range of soil, climatic, and management conditions, were monitored intensely for an 18 month period. Annual P export from the sites ranged between 0.267 and 0.419 kg/ha. The non-growing season (NGS) was an important period for P export due to the volume of discharge during the period. Tile drainage contributed the majority of combined annual discharge at all sites (78-83%). Tile drainage was an equal or dominant contributor to annual total P (TP) export. Overland flow was the dominant transport pathway for soluble reactive P (SRP) at two of the three sites. The nature of the discharge events (e.g. rain on soil, rain on snow, and radiation melt) influenced P speciation in runoff. Particulate P + soluble unreactive P (PP+SUP) concentrations were highest during events where rain fell on bare soil. The proportion of TP as SRP in major events appeared to decline over the NGS. Understanding the seasonality of P export, the relative role of tile drainage and overland flow, and the influence of event type will improve our ability to manage non-point source P export.
Author: Rattan Lal Publisher: CRC Press ISBN: 1482257858 Category : Nature Languages : en Pages : 351
Book Description
Phosphorus is an essential plant nutrient, but global population growth has dramatically reduced the availability of phosphorus fertilizer resources. Despite this scarcity, there remain numerous problems associated with the excessive and inappropriate use of phosphorus leading to non-point source pollution and eutrophication of natural waters. Identifying appropriate systems for managing soil phosphorus and reducing the risks of eutrophication are needed to minimize the environmental risks. This book focuses on the availability and recycling of phosphorus; regulatory and policy issues of sustainable phosphorus use; and water quality management in agroecosystems pertaining to phosphorus. Sections are dedicated to global phosphorus reserves; cycling and pathways of phosphorus; phosphorus in agriculture; human dimensions and policy intervention; and research and development priorities. Phosphorus is a finite but crucial resource and is an essential element to all life. Sub-optimal availability and nutrient imbalance in the root zone can adversely impact plant growth, and the quality of food and feed grown on these soils. However, the proven reserves of phosphorus can hardly be adequate for a few centuries only. Yet, its misuse and mismanagement has caused severe problems of eutrophication of water and pollution of the environment. Thus, judicious management of soil phosphorus is essential. This volume is specifically devoted to availability and recycling of phosphorus, regulatory/policy issues of sustainable use of phosphorus, and management in agroecosystems in the context of maximizing the use efficiency and minimizing the environmental risks of water quality.
Author: Brian D. Fath Publisher: CRC Press ISBN: 1000067742 Category : Law Languages : en Pages : 665
Book Description
Bringing together a wealth of knowledge, Environmental Management Handbook, Second Edition, gives a comprehensive overview of environmental problems, their sources, their assessment, and their solutions. Through in-depth entries and a topical table of contents, readers will quickly find answers to questions about environmental problems and their corresponding management issues. This six-volume set is a reimagining of the award-winning Encyclopedia of Environmental Management, published in 2013, and features insights from more than 400 contributors, all experts in their field. The experience, evidence, methods, and models used in studying environmental management are presented here in six stand-alone volumes, arranged along the major environmental systems. Features The first handbook that demonstrates the key processes and provisions for enhancing environmental management Addresses new and cutting-edge topics on ecosystem services, resilience, sustainability, food–energy–water nexus, socio-ecological systems, and more Provides an excellent basic knowledge on environmental systems, explains how these systems function, and offers strategies on how to best manage them Includes the most important problems and solutions facing environmental management today In this third volume, Managing Soils and Terrestrial Systems, the general concepts and processes of the geosphere with its related soil and terrestrial systems are introduced. It explains how these systems function and provides strategies on how to best manage them. It serves as an excellent resource for finding basic knowledge on the geosphere systems and includes important problems and solutions that environmental managers face today. This book practically demonstrates the key processes, methods, and models used in studying environmental management.
Author: Raju Khatiwada
Author: Raju Khatiwada
Author: Gregory J. Schwab
Author: Luke Gatiboni
Author: 
Author: Christopher J. G. Van Esbroeck
Author: 
Author: Faruk Djodjic
Author: Rattan Lal
Author: Brian D. Fath
Author: Juliane M. Meyer