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Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 9
Book Description
Scattering to extinction cross section ratios, qse, were measured using the NIST Large Agglomerate Optics Facility for soot produced from ethene and acetylene laminar diffusion flames. Measurements were performed using light sources at 543.5 nm, 632.8 nm, and 856 nm. The average scattering to extinction cross section ratios for these wavelengths are equal to 0.245, 0.195, and 0.195 for ethene and 0.311, 0.228, and 0.237 for acetylene. The 856 nm measurements represent the longest wavelength for which accurate scattering measurements have been performed for soot. The size distribution and fractal properties of the two soots were determined to assess the effects of limited acceptance angle range, finite size of the sensor, and departure from cosine response on the uncertainty in the measurement of qse. The expanded relative uncertainty (95% confidence level) was found to be +/- 6% at the two visible wavelengths and +/- 8% at 856 nm. Both the magnitude and wavelength dependence of rho sub se for the present experiments are significantly different from those reported by Krishnan et al. for overfire soot produced using a turbulent flame. The results are compared with the predictions of fractal optics.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 9
Book Description
Scattering to extinction cross section ratios, qse, were measured using the NIST Large Agglomerate Optics Facility for soot produced from ethene and acetylene laminar diffusion flames. Measurements were performed using light sources at 543.5 nm, 632.8 nm, and 856 nm. The average scattering to extinction cross section ratios for these wavelengths are equal to 0.245, 0.195, and 0.195 for ethene and 0.311, 0.228, and 0.237 for acetylene. The 856 nm measurements represent the longest wavelength for which accurate scattering measurements have been performed for soot. The size distribution and fractal properties of the two soots were determined to assess the effects of limited acceptance angle range, finite size of the sensor, and departure from cosine response on the uncertainty in the measurement of qse. The expanded relative uncertainty (95% confidence level) was found to be +/- 6% at the two visible wavelengths and +/- 8% at 856 nm. Both the magnitude and wavelength dependence of rho sub se for the present experiments are significantly different from those reported by Krishnan et al. for overfire soot produced using a turbulent flame. The results are compared with the predictions of fractal optics.
Author: Thomas Foken Publisher: Springer Nature ISBN: 3030521710 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 1761
Book Description
This practical handbook provides a clearly structured, concise and comprehensive account of the huge variety of atmospheric and related measurements relevant to meteorologists and for the purpose of weather forecasting and climate research, but also to the practitioner in the wider field of environmental physics and ecology. The Springer Handbook of Atmospheric Measurements is divided into six parts: The first part offers instructive descriptions of the basics of atmospheric measurements and the multitude of their influencing factors, fundamentals of quality control and standardization, as well as equations and tables of atmospheric, water, and soil quantities. The subsequent parts present classical in-situ measurements as well as remote sensing techniques from both ground-based as well as airborn or satellite-based methods. The next part focusses on complex measurements and methods that integrate different techniques to establish more holistic data. Brief discussions of measurements in soils and water, at plants, in urban and rural environments and for renewable energies demonstrate the potential of such applications. The final part provides an overview of atmospheric and ecological networks. Written by distinguished experts from academia and industry, each of the 64 chapters provides in-depth discussions of the available devices with their specifications, aspects of quality control, maintenance as well as their potential for the future. A large number of thoroughly compiled tables of physical quantities, sensors and system characteristics make this handbook a unique, universal and useful reference for the practitioner and absolutely essential for researchers, students, and technicians.
Author: Michael F. Modest Publisher: Academic Press ISBN: 0123869900 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 905
Book Description
The third edition of Radiative Heat Transfer describes the basic physics of radiation heat transfer. The book provides models, methodologies, and calculations essential in solving research problems in a variety of industries, including solar and nuclear energy, nanotechnology, biomedical, and environmental. Every chapter of Radiative Heat Transfer offers uncluttered nomenclature, numerous worked examples, and a large number of problems—many based on real world situations—making it ideal for classroom use as well as for self-study. The book's 24 chapters cover the four major areas in the field: surface properties; surface transport; properties of participating media; and transfer through participating media. Within each chapter, all analytical methods are developed in substantial detail, and a number of examples show how the developed relations may be applied to practical problems. Extensive solution manual for adopting instructors Most complete text in the field of radiative heat transfer Many worked examples and end-of-chapter problems Large number of computer codes (in Fortran and C++), ranging from basic problem solving aids to sophisticated research tools Covers experimental methods
Author: Alexander Kokhanovsky Publisher: Springer Nature ISBN: 303129601X Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 275
Book Description
The book is aimed at description of recent progress in studies of light extinction, absorption, and scattering in turbid media. In particular, light scattering/oceanic optics/planetary optics research communities are greatly benefit from the publication of this book.
Author: Henning Bockhorn Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 3642851673 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 595
Book Description
Soot Formation in Combustion represents an up-to-date overview. The contributions trace back to the 1991 Heidelberg symposium entitled "Mechanism and Models of Soot Formation" and have all been reedited by Prof. Bockhorn in close contact with the original authors. The book gives an easy introduction to the field for newcomers, and provides detailed treatments for the specialists. The following list of contents illustrates the topics under review:
Author: David M. Mann Publisher: ISBN: Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 186
Book Description
Abstracts are given for 6.1 basic research in chemical propulsion sponsored by the Army Research Office and the Air Force Office of Scientific Research.
Author: Jill Marie Suo-Anttila Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 73
Book Description
The thermal hazard posed by large hydrocarbon fires is dominated by the radiative emission from high temperature soot. Since the optical properties of soot, especially in the infrared region of the electromagnetic spectrum, as well as its morphological properties, are not well known, efforts are underway to characterize these properties. Measurements of these soot properties in large fires are important for heat transfer calculations, for interpretation of laser-based diagnostics, and for developing soot property models for fire field models. This research uses extractive measurement diagnostics to characterize soot optical properties, morphology, and composition in 2 m pool fires. For measurement of the extinction coefficient, soot extracted from the flame zone is transported to a transmission cell where measurements are made using both visible and infrared lasers. Soot morphological properties are obtained by analysis via transmission electron microscopy of soot samples obtained thermophoretically within the flame zone, in the overfire region, and in the transmission cell. Soot composition, including carbon-to-hydrogen ratio and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon concentration, is obtained by analysis of soot collected on filters. Average dimensionless extinction coefficients of 8.4 {+-} 1.2 at 635 nm and 8.7 {+-} 1.1 at 1310 nm agree well with recent measurements in the overfire region of JP-8 and other fuels in lab-scale burners and fires. Average soot primary particle diameters, radius of gyration, and fractal dimensions agree with these recent studies. Rayleigh-Debye-Gans theory of scattering applied to the measured fractal parameters shows qualitative agreement with the trends in measured dimensionless extinction coefficients. Results of the density and chemistry are detailed in the report.
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Author: Thomas Foken
Author: Michael F. Modest
Author: Alexander Kokhanovsky
Author: Henning Bockhorn
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Author: A. Murty Kanury
Author: David M. Mann
Author: Jill Marie Suo-Anttila