Solid Hydrogen Experiments for Atomic Propellants PDF Download

Author: Bryan Palaszewski
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 30

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Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 32

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Author: Peter Hoffmann
Publisher: MIT Press
ISBN: 0262516950
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 381

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Book Description
How the use of nonpolluting, zero-emission hydrogen as fuel could be the cornerstone of a new energy economy. Hydrogen is the most abundant element in the universe. An invisible, tasteless, colorless gas, it can be converted to nonpolluting, zero-emission, renewable energy. When burned in an internal combustion engine, hydrogen produces mostly harmless water vapor. It performs even better in fuel cells, which can be 2.5 times as efficient as internal-combustion engines. Zero-emission hydrogen does not contribute to CO2-caused global warming. Abundant and renewable, it is unlikely to be subject to geopolitical pressures or scarcity concerns. In this new edition of his pioneering book Tomorrow's Energy, Peter Hoffmann makes the case for hydrogen as the cornerstone of a new energy economy. Hoffmann covers the major aspects of hydrogen production, storage, transportation, fuel use, and safety. He explains that hydrogen is not an energy source but a carrier, like electricity, and introduces the concept of “hydricity,” the essential interchangeability of electricity and hydrogen. He brings the hydrogen story up to date, reporting on the latest developments, including new hydrogen and fuel-cell cars from GM, Daimler, BMW, Honda, and Toyota. He describes recent political controversies, including Obama administration Energy Secretary (and Nobel laureate in Physics) Steven Chu's inexplicable dismissal of hydrogen—which puts him at odds with major automakers, German Chancellor Angela Merkel, and others. Our current energy system is a complex infrastructure, and phasing in hydrogen will take effort and money. But if we consider the real costs of fossil fuels—pollution and its effects, international tensions over gas and oil supplies, and climate change—we would be wise to promote its development.

Author:
Publisher: DIANE Publishing
ISBN: 142891823X
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 195

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Author:
Publisher: DIANE Publishing
ISBN: 1428918205
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 274

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Author: Liang Zhang
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 008048039X
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 1094

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Proceedings of the 20th International Cryogenic Engineering Conference

Author: National Aeronaut Administration (Nasa)
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 38

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This report presents particle formation observations and detailed analyses of the images from experiments that were conducted on the formation of solid hydrogen particles in liquid helium. Hydrogen was frozen into particles in liquid helium, and observed with a video camera. The solid hydrogen particle sizes and the total mass of hydrogen particles were estimated. These newly analyzed data are from the test series held on February 28, 2001. Particle sizes from previous testing in 1999 and the testing in 2001 were similar. Though the 2001 testing created similar particles sizes, many new particle formation phenomena were observed: microparticles and delayed particle formation. These experiment image analyses are some of the first steps toward visually characterizing these particles, and they allow designers to understand what issues must be addressed in atomic propellant feed system designs for future aerospace vehicles. Palaszewski, Bryan Glenn Research Center NASA/TM-2005-212897, AIAA Paper 2003-4688, E-14317 RTOP 713-74-10; RTOP 22-713-74-01 LIQUID HELIUM; PROPELLANTS; FEED SYSTEMS; MICROPARTICLES; SOLID CRYOGENS; ELEMENTARY PARTICLES; ESTIMATING; IMAGING TECHNIQUES

Author:
Publisher: DIANE Publishing
ISBN: 1428918221
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 211

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Author: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
Publisher: Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
ISBN: 9781720944522
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 28

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This paper presents particle formation energy balances and detailed analyses of the images from experiments that were conducted on the formation of solid hydrogen particles in liquid helium during the Phase II testing in 2001. Solid particles of hydrogen were frozen in liquid helium and observed with a video camera. The solid hydrogen particle sizes and the total mass of hydrogen particles were estimated. The particle formation efficiency is also estimated. Particle sizes from the Phase I testing in 1999 and the Phase II testing in 2001 were similar. Though the 2001 testing created similar particles sizes, many new particle formation phenomena were observed. These experiment image analyses are one of the first steps toward visually characterizing these particles and it allows designers to understand what issues must be addressed in atomic propellant feed system designs for future aerospace vehicles.Palaszewski, BryanGlenn Research CenterIMAGING TECHNIQUES; ENERGY OF FORMATION; HYDROGEN; SOLID CRYOGENS; ELEMENTARY PARTICLES; PARTICLE ENERGY; PROPELLANTS; AEROSPACE VEHICLES; LIQUID HELIUM

Author: National Aeronautics and Space Adm Nasa
Publisher: Independently Published
ISBN: 9781723756252
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 30

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Book Description
This paper presents the results of detailed analyses of the images from experiments that were conducted on the formation of solid hydrogen particles in liquid helium. Solid particles of hydrogen were frozen in liquid helium, and observed with a video camera. The solid hydrogen particle sizes, their agglomerates, and the total mass of hydrogen particles were estimated. Particle sizes of 1.9 to 8 mm (0.075 to 0.315 in.) were measured. The particle agglomerate sizes and areas were measured, and the total mass of solid hydrogen was computed. A total mass of from 0.22 to 7.9 grams of hydrogen was frozen. Compaction and expansion of the agglomerate implied that the particles remain independent particles, and can be separated and controlled. These experiment image analyses are one of the first steps toward visually characterizing these particles, and allow designers to understand what issues must be addressed in atomic propellant feed system designs for future aerospace vehicles.Palaszewski, BryanGlenn Research CenterAEROSPACE VEHICLES; HYDROGEN; SOLID CRYOGENS; IMAGE ANALYSIS; MONATOMIC GASES; ROCKET PROPELLANTS; PARTICLE SIZE DISTRIBUTION; FEED SYSTEMS; AGGLOMERATION; LIQUID HELIUM; CRYOGENIC TEMPERATURE