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Author: L. Brussaard Publisher: Elsevier ISBN: 148329028X Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 846
Book Description
Some pioneers in soil research such as Müller and Kubiëna were as much biologists as they were soil scientists and the legendary biologist Charles Darwin was foresighted in recognizing the earthworms as instrumental in reworking the soil, thereby forming what he called "vegetable mould". Still, soil science has largely been the realm of physicists and chemists over the past decades. Whatever the reason, this picture is rapidly changing. Until recently, research on the transport and transformation of elements in soil was often concerned with either soil biota/plant relationships or with soil structure/plant relationships, if the biota were considered at all, but very few studies explicitly took the interrelationships between soil structure and soil biota into account. The conference on Soil Structure/Soil Biota Interrelationships, held at Wageningen, The Netherlands, 24-28 November 1991, was meant to bridge that gap, focussing on methods of research, organized in three levels: features, processes and effects. The proceedings of the conference are testimony of the need to intertwine the biological, morphological, physical and chemical disciplines in soil research to understand better and forecast soil properties and processes as related to land use for agricultural and other purposes.This book should be of particular interest to soil scientists and ecologists who feel the need for a cross-disciplinary approach in soils research. It should also be a rich source of teaching material for courses in soil science and soil ecology at graduate level and above, with ample reference to studies on land use as related to agriculture and the environment.
Author: L. Brussaard Publisher: Elsevier ISBN: 148329028X Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 846
Book Description
Some pioneers in soil research such as Müller and Kubiëna were as much biologists as they were soil scientists and the legendary biologist Charles Darwin was foresighted in recognizing the earthworms as instrumental in reworking the soil, thereby forming what he called "vegetable mould". Still, soil science has largely been the realm of physicists and chemists over the past decades. Whatever the reason, this picture is rapidly changing. Until recently, research on the transport and transformation of elements in soil was often concerned with either soil biota/plant relationships or with soil structure/plant relationships, if the biota were considered at all, but very few studies explicitly took the interrelationships between soil structure and soil biota into account. The conference on Soil Structure/Soil Biota Interrelationships, held at Wageningen, The Netherlands, 24-28 November 1991, was meant to bridge that gap, focussing on methods of research, organized in three levels: features, processes and effects. The proceedings of the conference are testimony of the need to intertwine the biological, morphological, physical and chemical disciplines in soil research to understand better and forecast soil properties and processes as related to land use for agricultural and other purposes.This book should be of particular interest to soil scientists and ecologists who feel the need for a cross-disciplinary approach in soils research. It should also be a rich source of teaching material for courses in soil science and soil ecology at graduate level and above, with ample reference to studies on land use as related to agriculture and the environment.
Author: K. H. Hartge Publisher: ISBN: 9781486307272 Category : Soil physics Languages : en Pages : 391
Book Description
Soils are the porous skin of the Earth with variable and complex structures composed of solid, liquid and gaseous phases. This textbook (based on the 4th, German language edition) introduces the reader gently but comprehensively to soil physical processes. The authors discuss both the origin and dynamics of soil physical properties and functions -- including volume-mass relations of the solid, water and gas phases, grain and pore size distributions, permeability and storage capacity for water, gases and heat -- and finally soil deformation and strength in relation to mechanical and hydraulic stresses resulting in structural changes through compaction, kneading, slaking and soil crusting.
Author: Jan Gliński Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 9048135842 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 1075
Book Description
This Encyclopedia of Agrophysics will provide up-to-date information on the physical properties and processes affecting the quality of the environment and plant production. It will be a "first-up" volume which will nicely complement the recently published Encyclopedia of Soil Science, (November 2007) which was published in the same series. In a single authoritative volume a collection of about 250 informative articles and ca 400 glossary terms covering all aspects of agrophysics will be presented. The authors will be renowned specialists in various aspects in agrophysics from a wide variety of countries. Agrophysics is important both for research and practical use not only in agriculture, but also in areas like environmental science, land reclamation, food processing etc. Agrophysics is a relatively new interdisciplinary field closely related to Agrochemistry, Agrobiology, Agroclimatology and Agroecology. Nowadays it has been fully accepted as an agricultural and environmental discipline. As such this Encyclopedia volume will be an indispensable working tool for scientists and practitioners from different disciplines, like agriculture, soil science, geosciences, environmental science, geography, and engineering.
Author: Fred Magdoff Publisher: CRC Press ISBN: 020349637X Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 411
Book Description
Recognition of the importance of soil organic matter (SOM) in soil health and quality is a major part of fostering a holistic, preventive approach to agricultural management. Students in agronomy, horticulture, and soil science need a textbook that emphasizes strategies for using SOM management in the prevention of chemical, biological, and physical problems. Soil Organic Matter in Sustainable Agriculture gathers key scientific reviews concerning issues that are critical for successful SOM management. This textbook contains evaluations of the types of organic soil constituents—organisms, fresh residues, and well-decomposed substances. It explores the beneficial effects of organic matter on soil and the various practices that enhance SOM. Chapters include an examination of the results of crop management practices on soil organisms, organic matter gains and losses, the significance of various SOM fractions, and the contributions of fungi and earthworms to soil quality and crop growth. Emphasizing the prevention of imbalances that lead to soil and crop problems, the text also explores the development of soils suppressive to plant diseases and pests, and relates SOM management to the supply of nutrients to crops. This book provides the essential scientific background and poses the challenging questions that students need to better understand SOM and develop improved soil and crop management systems.
Author: Javier Alvarez-Benedi Publisher: CRC Press ISBN: 1420032089 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 816
Book Description
The practitioner or researcher often faces complex alternatives when selecting a method to characterize properties governing a soil process. After years of research and development, environmental and agricultural professionals now have an array of methods for characterizing soil processes. Well-established methods, however, may not be suitable for
Author: Bobby A. Stewart Publisher: CRC Press ISBN: 9781566701730 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 452
Book Description
Soil Structure offers a multidisciplinary approach to the study of soil structure and its relevance to wide ranging investigations in environmental sciences. Topics covered in Soil Structure include soil structure determination, soil fabric genesis and functions, strength and stress distribution, fabric changes in plastic clays, the effects of organic matter and earthworms, air slaking, and hydraulic conductivity changes. The book also discusses litter decomposition and matter transport, the characterization of pore organization, monitoring via a neutron activated tracer, various influences on growth and phosphorus supply of plants and on water uptake by plants, the effects of acidification, and much more. Improved procedures for measuring and calculating the unsaturated hydraulic conductivity of structured soils are also given.
Author: Heiko Diestel Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 3642776981 Category : Nature Languages : en Pages : 244
Book Description
Soil and water pollution have a serious impact on the environment, and soil scientists and hydrologists need fundamental help for the estimation of the consequences. The experiments described in this volume deal with the quantification of the morphology of interaggregate voids and of the flow through such voids as well as around impermeable inclusions. The diagrams given in the appendix can be used as references for such measurements. This work is put into the context of the international literature on the subject. An index and a glossary complete the volume. The subject of this work is of great interest to hydrologists and soil scientists working on the estimation of the consequences of soil and water pollution.
Author: Anthony R. Yeo Publisher: John Wiley & Sons ISBN: 0470994274 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 424
Book Description
This book provides a broad overview of solute transport in plants. It first determines what solutes are present in plants and what roles they play. The physical bases of ion and water movement are considered. The volume then discusses the ways in which solutes are moved across individual membranes, within and between cells, and around the plant. Having dealt with the role of plant solutes in ‘normal’ conditions, the volume proceeds to examine how the use of solutes has been adapted to more extreme environments such as hot, dry deserts, freezing mountains and saline marshes. A crucial stage in the life cycle of most plants, the internally-controlled dehydration concomitant with seed formation, is also addressed. Throughout the volume the authors link our increasing understanding of the cellular and molecular bases of solute movement with the roles that these fulfil in the whole plant under both ideal and stressful conditions, showing how these are dictated by the physical laws that govern solute and water movement. The book is directed at postgraduates, researchers and professionals in plant physiology, biochemistry and molecular biology.
Author: Rattan Lal Publisher: CRC Press ISBN: 9780824753245 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 736
Book Description
Principles of Soil Physics examines the impact of the physical, mechanical, and hydrological properties and processes of soil on agricultural production, the environment, and sustainable use of natural resources. The text incorporates valuable assessment methods, graphs, problem sets, and tables from recent studies performed around the globe and offers an abundance of tables, photographs, and easy-to-follow equations in every chapter. The book discusses the consequences of soil degradation, such as erosion, inhibited root development, and poor aeration. It begins by defining soil physics, soil mechanics, textural properties, and packing arrangements . The text continues to discuss the theoretical and practical aspects of soil structure and explain the significance and measurement of bulk density, porosity, and compaction. The authors proceed to clarify soil hydrology topics including hydrologic cycle, water movement, infiltration, modeling, soil evaporation, and solute transport processes. They address the impact of soil temperature on crop growth, soil aeration, and the processes that lead to the emission of greenhouse gases. The final chapters examine the physical properties of gravelly soils and water movement in frozen, saline, and water-repellant soils. Reader-friendly and up-to-date, Principles of Soil Physics provides unparalleled coverage of issues related to soil physics, structure, hydrology, aeration, temperature, and analysis and presents practical techniques for maintaining soil quality to ultimately preserve its sustainability.
Author: Jacques W. Delleur Publisher: CRC Press ISBN: 9781420048582 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 1006
Book Description
Due to the increasing demand for adequate water supply caused by the augmenting global population, groundwater production has acquired a new importance. In many areas, surface waters are not available in sufficient quantity or quality. Thus, an increasing demand for groundwater has resulted. However, the residence of time of groundwater can be of the order of thousands of years while surface waters is of the order of days. Therefore, substantially more attention is warranted for transport processes and pollution remediation in groundwater than for surface waters. Similarly, pollution remediation problems in groundwater are generally complex. This excellent, timely resource covers the field of groundwater from an engineering perspective, comprehensively addressing the range of subjects related to subsurface hydrology. It provides a practical treatment of the flow of groundwater, the transport of substances, the construction of wells and well fields, the production of groundwater, and site characterization and remediation of groundwater pollution. No other reference specializes in groundwater engineering to such a broad range of subjects. Its use extends to: The engineer designing a well or well field The engineer designing or operating a landfill facility for municipal or hazardous wastes The hydrogeologist investigating a contaminant plume The engineer examining the remediation of a groundwater pollution problem The engineer or lawyer studying the laws and regulations related to groundwater quality The scientist analyzing the mechanics of solute transport The geohydrologist assessing the regional modeling of aquifers The geophysicist determining the characterization of an aquifer The cartographer mapping aquifer characteristics The practitioner planning a monitoring network
Author: L. Brussaard
Author: L. Brussaard
Author: K. H. Hartge
Author: Jan Gliński
Author: Fred Magdoff
Author: Javier Alvarez-Benedi
Author: Bobby A. Stewart
Author: Heiko Diestel
Author: Anthony R. Yeo
Author: Rattan Lal
Author: Jacques W. Delleur