Soil Fertility and Corn and Soybean Yield and Quality in a Six-year Nitrogen and Phosphorus Fertilization Experiment PDF Download
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Author: Peter M. Anthony Publisher: ISBN: Category : Soil fertility Languages : en Pages : 450
Book Description
Optimum management of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) fertilizers for corn [Zea mays L.] and soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] production requires quantitative understanding of multiple soil processes and crop responses, including supply and immobilization of N and P by soil, the response of yield and quality to nutrient availability, and the relationships and interactions between N and P cycling, crop response, and other soil physical and chemical variables. We conducted a six-year experiment on two 16-ha fields on glacial-till soils in south-central Minnesota. In each year of a corn-soybean rotation, we measured soil physical and chemical parameters and grain yield and quality at a 0.014-ha resolution within each field. These observations coincided with placement of a randomized complete block, split plot design of N and P fertilizer treatments. Spatial patterns of mineralizable N were consistent over time. Mineralizable N was highly correlated to soil nitrate at a well-drained site, but not at a poorly-drained site. Increases in available soil P per kg of net P addition were significantly related to soil pH. Within fields, spatial patterns of soybean yields were highly correlated across years, and we observed consistent relationships between yield and soil variables. Overall, soybean yield related positively to soil P and Zn and negatively to pH at all site-years. Quadratic-plateau regression models of soybean yield in relation to soil P and Zn indicate that in high pH soils at these sites, yield is optimized when soil P and Zn levels are higher than current recommendations. Corn yields responded significantly to N rate and N rate by P rate interaction in all site-years. Whole-field economic optimum N rate differed significantly by site-year and by P treatment at some site-years. Site-specific P fertilization should account for spatial variation in soil P buffering capacity. Nitrogen mineralization and NxP nutrient interactions should be accounted for in agronomic management decisions for corn production. The consistent influence of soil pH on nutrient cycling and crop response indicates the potential benefit to amelioration of high pH in calcareous glacial-till soils. Results highlight the significance of spatial variability in nutrient cycling to crop management.
Author: Peter M. Anthony Publisher: ISBN: Category : Soil fertility Languages : en Pages : 450
Book Description
Optimum management of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) fertilizers for corn [Zea mays L.] and soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] production requires quantitative understanding of multiple soil processes and crop responses, including supply and immobilization of N and P by soil, the response of yield and quality to nutrient availability, and the relationships and interactions between N and P cycling, crop response, and other soil physical and chemical variables. We conducted a six-year experiment on two 16-ha fields on glacial-till soils in south-central Minnesota. In each year of a corn-soybean rotation, we measured soil physical and chemical parameters and grain yield and quality at a 0.014-ha resolution within each field. These observations coincided with placement of a randomized complete block, split plot design of N and P fertilizer treatments. Spatial patterns of mineralizable N were consistent over time. Mineralizable N was highly correlated to soil nitrate at a well-drained site, but not at a poorly-drained site. Increases in available soil P per kg of net P addition were significantly related to soil pH. Within fields, spatial patterns of soybean yields were highly correlated across years, and we observed consistent relationships between yield and soil variables. Overall, soybean yield related positively to soil P and Zn and negatively to pH at all site-years. Quadratic-plateau regression models of soybean yield in relation to soil P and Zn indicate that in high pH soils at these sites, yield is optimized when soil P and Zn levels are higher than current recommendations. Corn yields responded significantly to N rate and N rate by P rate interaction in all site-years. Whole-field economic optimum N rate differed significantly by site-year and by P treatment at some site-years. Site-specific P fertilization should account for spatial variation in soil P buffering capacity. Nitrogen mineralization and NxP nutrient interactions should be accounted for in agronomic management decisions for corn production. The consistent influence of soil pH on nutrient cycling and crop response indicates the potential benefit to amelioration of high pH in calcareous glacial-till soils. Results highlight the significance of spatial variability in nutrient cycling to crop management.
Author: Jason Robert Dodd Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 100
Book Description
Efficient P fertilization practices are of great concern to Corn Belt farmers because of the agronomic and environmental implications of increasing soil-test P (STP) trends. This study evaluated (1) long-term STP trends for various initial STP levels and annual P application rates, (2) yields of corn (Zea mays L.) and soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] as affected by P fertilization and STP. Yield and STP data were collected from three experiments established in Iowa during the 1970s on Webster (fine-loamy, mixed, mesic Typic Endoaquolls)-Nicollet (fine-loamy, mixed, mesic Aquic Hapludolls) soils, Webster-Canisteo (fine-loamy, mixed, calcareous, mesic Typic Endoaqualls) soils, and Kenyon (fine-loamy, mixed, mesic Typic Hapludolls) soils. Crops were grown in rotation each year until 2002. Three initial contrasting STP levels ranging from 17 to 75 mg kg−1 (Bray-P1) were created at two sites, and annual treatments of 0, 11, 22, and 33 kg P ha−1 were superimposed. At a third site, annual rates of 0, 22, and 45 kg P ha−1 were applied annually. Annual P rates required to maintain 16-20 mg kg−1 STP were similar at Webster-Nicollet-Canisteo soils (13-17 kg P ha−1), however,>30 kg P ha−1 was required to maintain STP levels four times higher. At the Kenyon soil, a similar Phosphorus rate maintained a higher STP level (28 mg kg−1). Critical STP concentrations identified with linear-plateau and quadratic-plateau models across sites were 18-23 mg kg−1 for corn and 11-18 mg kg−1 for soybean. Results indicate that 10-15 years of cropping without P fertilization were required on high testing soils before yield response to P was observed. Abbreviations: AGRON, Agronomy and Agricultural Engineering Research Farm; NERF, Northeast Iowa Research Farm; NIRF, Northern Iowa Research Farm; STP, soil-test P.
Author: Nathan D. Mueller Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
Winter annual weeds (WAW) could affect nitrogen supply for corn production. The objectives of first study were to determine the diversity and abundance of WAW and to evaluate the effect of delaying herbicide applications on nitrogen supply and no-till corn response. Research was conducted in 2010 and 2011 at 14 sites in eastern Kansas. A factorial arrangement of three herbicide application dates (Nov.-Mar., April, and May) and five N rates were used. The three most abundant WAW across sites were henbit, purslane speedwell, and horseweed. Delaying herbicide application until April significantly reduced early corn N uptake by 52 mg N plant−1, chlorophyll meter readings at silking by 3.4%, and grain yield by 0.48 Mg ha−1 across sites. An additional 16 to 17 kg N ha−1 was needed to maintain yield if herbicide application was delayed until April. Starter and foliar micronutrient fertilization can potentially increase corn and soybean yield. The objectives of the second study were to evaluate crop response from combinations of starter and foliar fertilizers that contain N-P-K mixtures with and without a blend of micronutrients at four sites for each crop under irrigated conditions. No early corn growth or yield increase was attributed to application of micronutrients (Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, and B) beyond what was achieved with N-P-K starter fertilization. There was an increase in soybean height (8 cm) and yield (293 kg ha−1) with starter fertilizer containing N-P-K plus micronutrients over the control. No increase in corn or soybean yield was obtained with foliar fertilization. The objective of the third study was to compare soil mobility and changes in soybean nutrient concentration in the leaf and seed from Mn and Zn sources (EDTA and oxysulfate) at two sites. Zinc sources were more mobile in the soil. Both Zn sources increased seed Zn concentration. Manganese oxysulfate increased seed Mn concentration. However, soybean trifoliolate leaf and seed Mn concentration decreased with soil-applied Na2EDTA and MnEDTA. This response was attributed to formation of FeEDTA and increased Fe supply that reduced root Mn absorption. Manganese EDTA is not recommended for soil application.
Author: Peter M. Anthony
Author: Peter M. Anthony
Author: William H. Darlington
Author: Jason Robert Dodd
Author: George Edward Smith
Author: Susan Whitmore
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Author: Nathan D. Mueller
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