Soil Characteristics and Subsequent Corn Development Following Partial Corn Residue Removal in a No-till, Corn-soybean Rotation PDF Download
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Author: Deanna Boardman-Smith Publisher: ISBN: Category : Biomass energy Languages : en Pages : 124
Book Description
If producers employ corn (Zea mays L.) residue removal for ethanol production, soil and subsequent corn development characteristics could be affected. Little research has evaluated partial corn residue removal from baling followed by the use of a cover crop to mitigate potential changes to soil characteristics and corn development. Research is needed to determine the effects of corn residue removal and establish residue management recommendations for producers to prevent a decline in soil and corn productivity. This three year study evaluated the effects of Baled (60% residue removal) and Not Baled (0% residue removal) corn residue treatments in combination with None and Rye (Secale cereal L.) cover crop treatments on 14 soil characteristics and 25 corn development characteristics in a no-till, corn-soybean rotation. The Baled treatment reduced soil magnesium concentrations, increased soil water content at corn silking (R1) and accumulated more rye biomass than Not Baled treatments. The Rye treatment increased soil ammonium-N concentration, soil water content at R1, minimum and average soil temperature at corn emergence (VE). Early, median and late emerging corn plants of each residue and cover crop treatment were also tracked throughout the growing season to evaluate how emergence order affected 24 plant development characteristics. Significant differences occurred among Early, Median and Late emergence classes for days after planting to VE, days after planting to R1, length of vegetative development, length of lifecycle, stalk diameter, and corn residue cellulose content. Residue treatment only affected the plant height of emergence classes. Cover crop treatment only affected the length of lifecycle for emergence classes. The results of this study demonstrate that 60% corn residue removal is feasible in a no-till, corn-soybean rotation causing minimal affects to soil and corn development characteristics. A small amount of biomass was established with rye as a winter cover crop, providing few benefits to soil quality and corn development.
Author: Deanna Boardman-Smith Publisher: ISBN: Category : Biomass energy Languages : en Pages : 124
Book Description
If producers employ corn (Zea mays L.) residue removal for ethanol production, soil and subsequent corn development characteristics could be affected. Little research has evaluated partial corn residue removal from baling followed by the use of a cover crop to mitigate potential changes to soil characteristics and corn development. Research is needed to determine the effects of corn residue removal and establish residue management recommendations for producers to prevent a decline in soil and corn productivity. This three year study evaluated the effects of Baled (60% residue removal) and Not Baled (0% residue removal) corn residue treatments in combination with None and Rye (Secale cereal L.) cover crop treatments on 14 soil characteristics and 25 corn development characteristics in a no-till, corn-soybean rotation. The Baled treatment reduced soil magnesium concentrations, increased soil water content at corn silking (R1) and accumulated more rye biomass than Not Baled treatments. The Rye treatment increased soil ammonium-N concentration, soil water content at R1, minimum and average soil temperature at corn emergence (VE). Early, median and late emerging corn plants of each residue and cover crop treatment were also tracked throughout the growing season to evaluate how emergence order affected 24 plant development characteristics. Significant differences occurred among Early, Median and Late emergence classes for days after planting to VE, days after planting to R1, length of vegetative development, length of lifecycle, stalk diameter, and corn residue cellulose content. Residue treatment only affected the plant height of emergence classes. Cover crop treatment only affected the length of lifecycle for emergence classes. The results of this study demonstrate that 60% corn residue removal is feasible in a no-till, corn-soybean rotation causing minimal affects to soil and corn development characteristics. A small amount of biomass was established with rye as a winter cover crop, providing few benefits to soil quality and corn development.
Author: Michael Duffy Publisher: ISBN: Category : Agriculture Languages : en Pages : 20
Book Description
Extract: Average per-acre returns differ little for most U.S. corn and soybean farmers using various alternative tillage strategies, according to this analysis of 1980 farm-level production data. Midwest conventional-till soybean farmers, however, accrue a significantly higher average return than do Midwest no-till farmers. Most conservation-till soybean farmers in the three major producing regions incur significantly lower input costs than do conventional-till soybean farmers, but also harvest lower yields except in the Southeast. Significant differences were found in the use of specific corn and soybean inputs among alternative tillage strategies.
Author: Gurbir Singh Publisher: ISBN: Category : Corn Languages : en Pages : 490
Book Description
Corn (Zea mays L.) and soybean ( Glycine max L.) production in the Midwest US can result in significant nutrient leaching to groundwater and surface waters, which contributes to eutrophication and hypoxia in the Gulf of Mexico. A promising strategy to control nutrient leaching and sediment runoff loss during winter fallow period is the use of cover crops (CCs). In southern Illinois, CCs are not widely adopted by farmers due to economic constraints and the lack of scientific data that supports benefits of incorporating CCs into the corn-soybean rotation. This doctoral dissertation addresses the critical question of the feasibility of the use of CCs in southern Illinois and is divided into three overarching research studies with different objectives divided into six research chapters. Research study 1 was a field experiment conducted from 2013 to 2017 to examine the effect of CCs (CC vs noCC) under two tillage systems [(no-tillage (NT) and conventional tillage (CT)] on aboveground plant attributes [dry matter yield, C:N ratio and nitrogen uptake (N uptake)], crop yields, available soil N content and N leaching in the vadose zone. The experimental layout was a randomized design with three rotations including corn-noCC-soybean-noCC [CncSnc], corn-cereal rye (Secale cereale L.) -soybean-hairy vetch (Vicia villosa R.) [CcrShv], and corn-cereal rye-soybean-oats+radish (Avena sativa L. + Raphanus sativus L.) [CcrSor] and two tillage systems. Soil samples collected after corn or soybean harvest and CC termination were analyzed for standard soil fertility parameters. Pan lysimeters installed below the 'A' horizon with depth varying from 22 to 30 cm were used for measuring soil solution nutrient concentration on weekly or biweekly basis depending on the precipitation. In NT system, the corn yield was 14% greater with CcrShv compared to CncSnc, whereas no significant difference existed in corn yield due to CC treatments within CT. Both CC treatments under NT reduced soybean yield by 24 to 27% compared to noCC. The rotations CcrShv and CcrSor with hairy vetch and oats+radish as preceding CCs resulted in 89% (37.73 vs 19.96 kg ha-1) and 68% (33.46 vs 19.96 kg ha-1) more nitrate-N (NO 3-N) leaching than the CncSnc during cash crop season 2015. During the CC season in spring 2016, cereal rye CC in CcrShv and CcrSor reduced the NO 3-N leaching by 84% (0.68 kg ha-1) and 78% (0.63 kg ha-1) compared to the CncSnc, respectively, under the CT system. Overall, our results indicated that the CT system had greater N leaching losses compared to NT system due to higher N availability in the tilled soil profile. The goal of the second research study was to understand the mechanisms of N cycling by CCs. We applied 15N labeled urea fertilizer (9.2% atom) to corn that followed hairy vetch and noCC in May 2017 to evaluate the contribution of fertilizer and soil organic matter to N leaching and quantify the 15N content of surface runoff after storm events. During the 2017 corn season, repeated soil samples were collected and analyzed for 15N fertilizer recovery in soil at three depths. 15N recovery was higher in the corn that had hairy vetch as the preceding CC than the corn that had noCC by 13.13 and 3.68 kg ha-1 on soil sampling events of 7 and 21 days after planting of corn, respectively, at the depth 15-30 cm. Overall, the cumulative loss of 15NO 3-N during corn season 2017 was
Author: Deanna Boardman-Smith
Author: Deanna Boardman-Smith
Author: Jeffrey Smeenk
Author: Kevin A. Schoessow
Author: Michael Duffy
Author: Gurbir Singh
Author: Wells Dean Hively
Author: Brian George Meese
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Author: Kevin G. Silveira
Author: Philip Jon Copeland