Author: Judith NiehuesPublisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
Book Description
Social Spending Generosity and Income Inequality
Author: Judith NiehuesNo Evidence that Economic Inequality Moderates the Effect of Income on Generosity
Author: Stefan Christian SchmuklePublisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
Book Description
U.S. Health in International Perspective
Author: National Research CouncilPublisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309264146
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 421
Book Description
The United States is among the wealthiest nations in the world, but it is far from the healthiest. Although life expectancy and survival rates in the United States have improved dramatically over the past century, Americans live shorter lives and experience more injuries and illnesses than people in other high-income countries. The U.S. health disadvantage cannot be attributed solely to the adverse health status of racial or ethnic minorities or poor people: even highly advantaged Americans are in worse health than their counterparts in other, "peer" countries. In light of the new and growing evidence about the U.S. health disadvantage, the National Institutes of Health asked the National Research Council (NRC) and the Institute of Medicine (IOM) to convene a panel of experts to study the issue. The Panel on Understanding Cross-National Health Differences Among High-Income Countries examined whether the U.S. health disadvantage exists across the life span, considered potential explanations, and assessed the larger implications of the findings. U.S. Health in International Perspective presents detailed evidence on the issue, explores the possible explanations for the shorter and less healthy lives of Americans than those of people in comparable countries, and recommends actions by both government and nongovernment agencies and organizations to address the U.S. health disadvantage.
Inequality in the Developing World
Author: Carlos GradínPublisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 0192609408
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 352
Book Description
This is an open access title available under the terms of a CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO licence. It is free to read at Oxford Scholarship Online and offered as a free PDF download from OUP and selected open access locations. Inequality has emerged as a key development challenge. It holds implications for economic growth and redistribution and translates into power asymmetries that can endanger human rights, create conflict, and embed social exclusion and chronic poverty. For these reasons, it underpins intense public and academic debates and has become a dominant policy concern within many countries and in all multilateral agencies. It is at the core of the 17 goals of the UN 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. This book contributes to this important discussion by presenting assessments of the measurement and analysis of global inequality by leading inequality scholars, aligning these to comprehensive reviews of inequality trends in five of the world's largest developing countries—Brazil, China, India, Mexico, and South Africa. Each is a persistently high or newly high inequality context and, with the changing global inequality situation as context, country chapters investigate the main factors shaping their different inequality dynamics. Particular attention is paid to how broader societal inequalities arising outside of the labour market have intersected with the rapidly changing labour market milieus of the last few decades. Collectively, these chapters provide a nuanced discussion of key distributive phenomena such as the high concentration of income among the most affluent people, gender inequalities, and social mobility. Substantive tax and social benefit policies that each country implemented to mitigate these inequality dynamics are assessed in detail. The book takes lessons from these contexts back into the global analysis of inequality and social mobility and the policies needed to address inequality.
European Social Models from Crisis to Crisis
Author: Jon Erik DølvikPublisher: Oxford University Press, USA
ISBN: 0198717962
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 459
Book Description
This book analyzes the interaction of European social models, the institutions structuring labor markets' supply side, and their turbulent macroeconomic environment from the deep Europe-wide recession, ending Germanys post-unification boom, through monetary union's establishment, to the Great Recession following the recent financial crisis. The analysis reaches two conclusions challenging the dominant view that the social models caused unemployment by impairing labor markets' efficiency in the name of equity. First, the social models' employment and distributive effects are far outweighed by their macroeconomic environment, especially in the Eurozone, where its truncated structure of economic governance transformed the Great Recession into a sovereign debt crisis. Second, instead of a trade-off between efficiency and equity, the employment effects of counteracting markets tendency to generate inequality depends on the macroeconomic conditions under which it occurs and how it is done.
Reallocating Public Spending to Reduce Income Inequality: Can It Work?
Author: Djeneba DoumbiaPublisher: International Monetary Fund
ISBN: 1513514938
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 51
Book Description
Can a government reduce income inequality by changing the composition of public spending while keeping the total level of expenditure fixed? Using newly assembled data on spending composition for 83 countries across all income groups, this paper shows that reallocating spending toward social protection and infrastructure is associated with reduced income inequality, particularly when it is financed through cuts in defense spending. However, the political and security situation matters. The analysis does not find evidence that lowering defense spending to finance infrastructure and social outlays improves income distribution in countries with weak institutions and at higher risk of conflict. Reallocating social protection and infrastructure spending towards other types of spending tends to increase income inequality. Accounting for the long-term impact of health spending, and particularly education spending, helps to better capture the equalizing effects of these expenditures. The paper includes a discussion of the implications of the findings for Indonesia, a major emerging market where income inequality is at the center of policy issues.
A Strategy for IMF Engagement on Social Spending
Author: International Monetary Fund. Fiscal Affairs Dept.Publisher: International Monetary Fund
ISBN: 1498318886
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 56
Book Description
Interest in social spending issues has intensified over the last decade. This reflects concerns about rising inequality and the need to support vulnerable groups, especially in the aftermath of the global financial crisis. In line with this, the Fund has also increased its engagement on social spending issues. This paper outlines a strategy to guide IMF engagement on social spending issues going forward.
Income Inequality, Welfare Spending, and Globalization
Author: Jennifer FosterPublisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 31
Book Description
This paper examines the relationship between government redistributive spending, globalization, and inequality measures. Does government social spending help to maintain equality within nations? Does this social spending affect less developed nations differently than developed nations? What role does globalization play in this relationship? This paper will examine these questions. The study will be investigated using a cross-sectional panel data set for 12 advanced industrialized and 35 less developed nations. The study finds that in industrialized nations, trade can benefit an economy, while portfolio flows may hurt it. All aspects of governmental spending in OECD nations, including health care spending, education spending, and social security spending, seem to be redistributive and benefit the nation's development. In less developed nations, the effect of globalization does not seem to have a consistent pattern. Trade and portfolio flows seem to be beneficial in some areas, while harmful in others. Also, government spending is redistributive in some areas and counterproductive in others.
Social Welfare's Social Welfare
Author: Michael Patrick ArnoldPublisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 402
Book Description
Inequality
Author: Jonathan H. TurnerPublisher: Pacific Palisades, Calif. : Goodyear Publishing Company
ISBN:
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 184
Book Description