Author: Estelle James
Publisher: University of Chicago Press
ISBN: 0226392023
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 294
Book Description
As populations age and revenues diminish, government and private pension funds around the world are facing insolvency. The looming social security crisis is especially dire for women, who live longer than men but have worked less in the formal labor force. This groundbreaking study examines alternative social security systems and their disparate impacts on men and women. Emphasis is placed on the new multi-pillar systems that combine a publicly managed benefit and a mandatory private retirement saving plan. The Gender Impact of Social Security Reform compares the gendered outcomes of social security systems in Chile, Argentina, and Mexico, and presents empirical findings from Eastern and Central European transition economies as well as several OECD countries. Women’s positions have improved relative to men in countries where joint pensions have been required, widows who have worked can keep the joint pension in addition to their own benefit, the public benefit has been targeted toward low earners, and women’s retirement age has been raised to equality with that of men. The Gender Impact of Social Security Reform will force economists and policy makers to reexamine the design features that enable social security systems to achieve desirable gender outcomes.
The Gender Impact of Social Security Reform
Author: Estelle James
Publisher: University of Chicago Press
ISBN: 0226392023
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 294
Book Description
As populations age and revenues diminish, government and private pension funds around the world are facing insolvency. The looming social security crisis is especially dire for women, who live longer than men but have worked less in the formal labor force. This groundbreaking study examines alternative social security systems and their disparate impacts on men and women. Emphasis is placed on the new multi-pillar systems that combine a publicly managed benefit and a mandatory private retirement saving plan. The Gender Impact of Social Security Reform compares the gendered outcomes of social security systems in Chile, Argentina, and Mexico, and presents empirical findings from Eastern and Central European transition economies as well as several OECD countries. Women’s positions have improved relative to men in countries where joint pensions have been required, widows who have worked can keep the joint pension in addition to their own benefit, the public benefit has been targeted toward low earners, and women’s retirement age has been raised to equality with that of men. The Gender Impact of Social Security Reform will force economists and policy makers to reexamine the design features that enable social security systems to achieve desirable gender outcomes.
Publisher: University of Chicago Press
ISBN: 0226392023
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 294
Book Description
As populations age and revenues diminish, government and private pension funds around the world are facing insolvency. The looming social security crisis is especially dire for women, who live longer than men but have worked less in the formal labor force. This groundbreaking study examines alternative social security systems and their disparate impacts on men and women. Emphasis is placed on the new multi-pillar systems that combine a publicly managed benefit and a mandatory private retirement saving plan. The Gender Impact of Social Security Reform compares the gendered outcomes of social security systems in Chile, Argentina, and Mexico, and presents empirical findings from Eastern and Central European transition economies as well as several OECD countries. Women’s positions have improved relative to men in countries where joint pensions have been required, widows who have worked can keep the joint pension in addition to their own benefit, the public benefit has been targeted toward low earners, and women’s retirement age has been raised to equality with that of men. The Gender Impact of Social Security Reform will force economists and policy makers to reexamine the design features that enable social security systems to achieve desirable gender outcomes.
Social Security Reform and Its Impact on Chinese Firms During Transition
Author: Jin Lu
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Economic policy
Languages : en
Pages : 123
Book Description
Abstract: Studies on China's economic reform have repeatedly highlighted the importance of the nation's social security reform, yet little is known about how this transition impacted individual firms. This dissertation provides a sociological examination of the impact of social security reform on firms in China. The central research question of this study concerns how institutional constraints resulted from firms' internal governance and organizational environments influence firms' ability to changing employee social security spending as well as the outcome of this reform in terms of firms' financial performance in China. I address this question by examining the dynamic interaction of institutional environment and firm's managerial choices during their adaptation to the nation's new social security policies. I identify groups of firms that shared similar managerial characteristics and strategic focuses and test whether or not firms in different strategic groups display distinct behavior towards their strategies in employee social security spending. I then examine performance outcomes of firms' policies and practices in employee social security spending across different stages of the social security reform. Building on research from strategic choice and institutional theories, I propose that firm's internal strength, such as its financial sources and managerial orientation towards markets, combined with external constraints resulting from local market conditions and regulative or normative pressures firms are typically exposed to in transition economies, would significantly affect a firm's social security spending, and subsequently profit and productivity. I use a data set of 433 State Owned Enterprises from a yearly 1990-99 panel data on Chinese firms to test the proposed hypotheses. The results provide strong support to the hypotheses and reveal that the way these factors taken effect varies along the dimensions of the time periods and the types of social security programs firms have adopted. By focusing on firms rather the establishment of the social security system itself, this study provides a unique perspective to understand the current social security reform and its relationship with the reform of enterprises in China. The results and findings will contribute to explanations of the adaptation process of organizations in transition economies.
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Economic policy
Languages : en
Pages : 123
Book Description
Abstract: Studies on China's economic reform have repeatedly highlighted the importance of the nation's social security reform, yet little is known about how this transition impacted individual firms. This dissertation provides a sociological examination of the impact of social security reform on firms in China. The central research question of this study concerns how institutional constraints resulted from firms' internal governance and organizational environments influence firms' ability to changing employee social security spending as well as the outcome of this reform in terms of firms' financial performance in China. I address this question by examining the dynamic interaction of institutional environment and firm's managerial choices during their adaptation to the nation's new social security policies. I identify groups of firms that shared similar managerial characteristics and strategic focuses and test whether or not firms in different strategic groups display distinct behavior towards their strategies in employee social security spending. I then examine performance outcomes of firms' policies and practices in employee social security spending across different stages of the social security reform. Building on research from strategic choice and institutional theories, I propose that firm's internal strength, such as its financial sources and managerial orientation towards markets, combined with external constraints resulting from local market conditions and regulative or normative pressures firms are typically exposed to in transition economies, would significantly affect a firm's social security spending, and subsequently profit and productivity. I use a data set of 433 State Owned Enterprises from a yearly 1990-99 panel data on Chinese firms to test the proposed hypotheses. The results provide strong support to the hypotheses and reveal that the way these factors taken effect varies along the dimensions of the time periods and the types of social security programs firms have adopted. By focusing on firms rather the establishment of the social security system itself, this study provides a unique perspective to understand the current social security reform and its relationship with the reform of enterprises in China. The results and findings will contribute to explanations of the adaptation process of organizations in transition economies.
Social Security Reform in Transition Economies
Author: C. Becker
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 0230618022
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 287
Book Description
This book examines social security reform in the Central Asian republic of Kazakhstan, with a focus on lessons for late reformers such as China and Russia.
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 0230618022
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 287
Book Description
This book examines social security reform in the Central Asian republic of Kazakhstan, with a focus on lessons for late reformers such as China and Russia.
Pension Developments and Reforms in Transition Economies
Author: M. Cangiano
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
ISBN:
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 56
Book Description
The reform of the public welfare system has been a key component of the structural reform process in transition economies. In countries where the state had been expected to provide social assistance from cradle to grave, the shift to a market economy necessarily involved dramatic changes in the relation between citizens and the social security system, in terms of both the benefits provided and their financing. This need for change had to be addressed by the authorities at a time of extremely unfavorable macroeconomic conditions. In an environment characterized by high or hyperinflation and a collapse of output, the welfare state had to be fixed mostly through ad hoc measures. In particular, pension systems in transition countries were typically used as a buffer to alleviate the effect of the output loss on certain segments of the population and the increased income inequality that characterized the first phase of the transition.
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
ISBN:
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 56
Book Description
The reform of the public welfare system has been a key component of the structural reform process in transition economies. In countries where the state had been expected to provide social assistance from cradle to grave, the shift to a market economy necessarily involved dramatic changes in the relation between citizens and the social security system, in terms of both the benefits provided and their financing. This need for change had to be addressed by the authorities at a time of extremely unfavorable macroeconomic conditions. In an environment characterized by high or hyperinflation and a collapse of output, the welfare state had to be fixed mostly through ad hoc measures. In particular, pension systems in transition countries were typically used as a buffer to alleviate the effect of the output loss on certain segments of the population and the increased income inequality that characterized the first phase of the transition.
Social Security Reform in Transition Economies
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781349374236
Category : Kazakhstan
Languages : en
Pages : 275
Book Description
This book examines social security reform in the Central Asian republic of Kazakhstan, with a focus on lessons for late reformers such as China and Russia.
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781349374236
Category : Kazakhstan
Languages : en
Pages : 275
Book Description
This book examines social security reform in the Central Asian republic of Kazakhstan, with a focus on lessons for late reformers such as China and Russia.
Sequencing Social Security, Pension, and Insurance Reform
Author: Dimitri Vittas
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN:
Category : Fondos de pensiones - Paises en desarrollo
Languages : en
Pages : 36
Book Description
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN:
Category : Fondos de pensiones - Paises en desarrollo
Languages : en
Pages : 36
Book Description
Old-Age Security in Transitional Economies
Author: M. Louise Fox
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN:
Category : Economic conversion
Languages : en
Pages : 49
Book Description
Pension reform has proved even more contentious an issue than privatization during the former communist countries' transition to a market- based economy.
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN:
Category : Economic conversion
Languages : en
Pages : 49
Book Description
Pension reform has proved even more contentious an issue than privatization during the former communist countries' transition to a market- based economy.
Social Security Reform
Author: Jason Z. Yin
Publisher: World Scientific
ISBN: 9789810241049
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 512
Book Description
This is the first-ever book to provide a comprehensive analysis of Chinese social security reforms with a variety of views. It addresses issues such as what kind of social security system China should establish, how this system should be managed and financed, and how the transition from the old system to the new system can best be accomplished. The authors of the papers in this book include internationally renowned Chinese and Western social security experts (such as Martin Feldstein and Henry Aaron), Chinese policy makers, and scholars who have worked on Chinese social security for years.
Publisher: World Scientific
ISBN: 9789810241049
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 512
Book Description
This is the first-ever book to provide a comprehensive analysis of Chinese social security reforms with a variety of views. It addresses issues such as what kind of social security system China should establish, how this system should be managed and financed, and how the transition from the old system to the new system can best be accomplished. The authors of the papers in this book include internationally renowned Chinese and Western social security experts (such as Martin Feldstein and Henry Aaron), Chinese policy makers, and scholars who have worked on Chinese social security for years.
A New Deal for Social Security
Author: Peter Ferrara
Publisher: Cato Institute
ISBN: 9781882577620
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 286
Book Description
This book examines the history of Social Security and predicts that the system will face bankruptcy within the next few years.
Publisher: Cato Institute
ISBN: 9781882577620
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 286
Book Description
This book examines the history of Social Security and predicts that the system will face bankruptcy within the next few years.