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Author: Hamad Bader Almobayedh Publisher: ISBN: Category : Autonomous vehicles Languages : en Pages : 118
Book Description
Intersections are locations with higher likelihood of crash occurences and sources of traffic congestion as they act as bottlenecks compared with other parts of the roadway networks. Consequently, connected and automated vehicles (CAVs) can help to improve the efficiency of the roadways by reducing traffic congestion and traffic delays. Since CAVs are expected to take control from drivers (human control) in making many important decisions, thus they are expected to minimize driver (human) errors in driving tasks. Therefore, CAVs potential benefits of eliminating driver error include an increase in safety (crash reduction), smooth vehicle flow to reduce emissions, and reduce congestion in all roadway networks. Since CAV implementations are currently in early stages, researchers have found that the use of traffic modeling and simulation can assist decision makers by quantifying the impact of increasing levels of CAVs, helping to identify the effect this will have on future transportation facilities. The main objective of the current study was to simulate the potential impacts CAVs may have on traffic flow and delay at a typical urban signalized intersection. Essentially, to use a microscopic traffic simulation software to test future CAV technology within a virtual environment, by testing different levels of CAVs with their associated behaviors across several scenarios simulated. This study tested and simulated the impact of CAVs compared with conventional vehicles at a signalized intersection. Specifically, I analyzed and compared the operations of the signalized intersection when there are only conventional vehicles, conventional vehicles mixed with CAVs, and when there are only CAVs. The most current PTV Vissim 11 software was used for simulating different percentages of three different types of CAVs and conventional vehicles in the traffic stream at the intersection. These are three different levels of automated vehicles that are already installed in PTV Vissim 11, which are AV cautious, AV normal, and AV all-knowing. All these automated vehicles were tested in different scenarios in this study. Real data from an existing signalized intersection in the city of Dayton, Ohio were used in the PTV Vissim software simulation. The traffic count data used in the Vissim intersection model were for morning peak hour. The existing signal timing data for the intersection used were first optimized using Synchro. The results from Vissim simulation show that CAVs could reduce the queue delay by about 12%, the stopped delay by about 17%, the vehicle travel time by about 17%, and the queue length by about 22%. Because of that, CAVs can substantially reduce congestion at urban signalized intersections.
Author: Hamad Bader Almobayedh Publisher: ISBN: Category : Autonomous vehicles Languages : en Pages : 118
Book Description
Intersections are locations with higher likelihood of crash occurences and sources of traffic congestion as they act as bottlenecks compared with other parts of the roadway networks. Consequently, connected and automated vehicles (CAVs) can help to improve the efficiency of the roadways by reducing traffic congestion and traffic delays. Since CAVs are expected to take control from drivers (human control) in making many important decisions, thus they are expected to minimize driver (human) errors in driving tasks. Therefore, CAVs potential benefits of eliminating driver error include an increase in safety (crash reduction), smooth vehicle flow to reduce emissions, and reduce congestion in all roadway networks. Since CAV implementations are currently in early stages, researchers have found that the use of traffic modeling and simulation can assist decision makers by quantifying the impact of increasing levels of CAVs, helping to identify the effect this will have on future transportation facilities. The main objective of the current study was to simulate the potential impacts CAVs may have on traffic flow and delay at a typical urban signalized intersection. Essentially, to use a microscopic traffic simulation software to test future CAV technology within a virtual environment, by testing different levels of CAVs with their associated behaviors across several scenarios simulated. This study tested and simulated the impact of CAVs compared with conventional vehicles at a signalized intersection. Specifically, I analyzed and compared the operations of the signalized intersection when there are only conventional vehicles, conventional vehicles mixed with CAVs, and when there are only CAVs. The most current PTV Vissim 11 software was used for simulating different percentages of three different types of CAVs and conventional vehicles in the traffic stream at the intersection. These are three different levels of automated vehicles that are already installed in PTV Vissim 11, which are AV cautious, AV normal, and AV all-knowing. All these automated vehicles were tested in different scenarios in this study. Real data from an existing signalized intersection in the city of Dayton, Ohio were used in the PTV Vissim software simulation. The traffic count data used in the Vissim intersection model were for morning peak hour. The existing signal timing data for the intersection used were first optimized using Synchro. The results from Vissim simulation show that CAVs could reduce the queue delay by about 12%, the stopped delay by about 17%, the vehicle travel time by about 17%, and the queue length by about 22%. Because of that, CAVs can substantially reduce congestion at urban signalized intersections.
Author: Abdullah Baz Publisher: ISBN: Category : Autonomous vehicles Languages : en Pages : 98
Book Description
One of the most critical subjects in Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) nowadays is the autonomous vehicle (AV). It is rapidly improving, and it will have a substantial positive effect on traffic safety and efficiency. Most of auto manufacturer companies and tech industries are spending a lot of money on research for developing autonomous vehicles. AV would have an excellent contribution to managing and controlling intersections. This study introduces a decision-making algorithm for autonomous vehicles at an intersection to optimize the intersection capacity and minimize delay time by using Game Theory mathematical models. This model using vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) communication features that will be available in AV so that vehicles are able to communicate with roadside unit (RSU) and with each other to determine which one goes first, depending on different factors such as their speeds and locations, and vehicle size, taking in consideration the safety of the vehicles so we can have collision free intersection. Two different mathematical models were developed; one with %100 autonomous vehicles and the other one is when we have mix traffic, autonomous vehicles, and ordinary vehicles. A simulation model was developed using a standard microscopic simulation platform VISSIM to implement this algorithm. A comparison of the proposed method and two other ordinary intersection control method; traffic lights, and roundabout was made to calculate the total delay of the intersection for each intersection management method. The simulation ran on three different traffic volume, High, moderate, and low volume. Moreover, three different speeds for each traffic volume. The results shows that the proposed system reduces the total delay by more than 65 percent compared with the roundabout, and about 85 percent comparing with a signalized intersection. Another simulation was done for the second scenario, mixed traffic, also a comparison between the proposed methods; roundabout, and the signalized intersection was made for the same cases of various speeds and volume. For model two, results show 30% reduction in delay compared to the roundabout and 89% compared to signalized intersections.
Author: Rahul Anuj Patel Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 110
Book Description
Connected and autonomous vehicle (CAV) technologies can revolutionize the way we transport people and goods and may soon be publicly available, however proper planning for these technologies is crucial to their successful integration into our transportation systems. CAVs can reduce following headways and increase roadway capacity and stability, as well as allow for new, more efficient intersection controls with wireless communication capabilities. This work is twofold: (1) evaluating the traffic congestion impacts of AVs and reservation-based intersection control on real large-scale city networks in Texas using DTA and (2) developing methods to find optimal configurations of reservations and signals in a city network. The first part of this thesis evaluates CAV behavior impacts by simulating different mixed CAV and human vehicle (HV) demand scenarios. Results show improvements in network efficiency with increases in CAV penetration. Reservations were observed to perform better than signals in most scenarios. Namely, the Austin downtown network resulted in a 78% reduction in travel time. However, signals outperformed reservations in some high demand cases on arterial networks due to the reservation's first-come-first-serve (FCFS) policy allocating more capacity to local roads, resulting in arterial progression interruption and queue spillback onto close-proximity streets. The discovered paradoxical effects imply that some intersections are better suited for reservation control than others. The second part of this thesis finds and characterizes favorable mixed-configurations of reservation-based controls and signalized controls in a large city network which minimize total system travel times. As this optimization problem is bi-level and challenging, we propose three different methods to heuristically find effective mixed-configurations. The first method is an intersection ranking method uses simulation to assign a score to each intersection in a network based on localized potential benefit to system travel time under reservation control and then ranks all intersections accordingly. The second is another ranking method, however uses linear regression to predict an intersection's localized score. Finally, we present a genetic algorithm which iteratively approaches high-performing network configurations yielding minimal system travel times. We test the methods on the downtown Austin network and find configurations which are less than half controlled by reservation intersections that improve travel times beyond an all-reservation controlled network. Overall, our results show that the genetic algorithm finds the best performing configurations with the initial score-assigning ranking method performing similarly but much more efficiently. We finally find that favorable reservation placement is in consecutive chains along highly trafficked corridors
Author: Hussein T. Mouftah Publisher: CRC Press ISBN: 1000259250 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 599
Book Description
This book presents a comprehensive coverage of the five fundamental yet intertwined pillars paving the road towards the future of connected autonomous electric vehicles and smart cities. The connectivity pillar covers all the latest advancements and various technologies on vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communications/networking and vehicular cloud computing, with special emphasis on their role towards vehicle autonomy and smart cities applications. On the other hand, the autonomy track focuses on the different efforts to improve vehicle spatiotemporal perception of its surroundings using multiple sensors and different perception technologies. Since most of CAVs are expected to run on electric power, studies on their electrification technologies, satisfaction of their charging demands, interactions with the grid, and the reliance of these components on their connectivity and autonomy, is the third pillar that this book covers. On the smart services side, the book highlights the game-changing roles CAV will play in future mobility services and intelligent transportation systems. The book also details the ground-breaking directions exploiting CAVs in broad spectrum of smart cities applications. Example of such revolutionary applications are autonomous mobility on-demand services with integration to public transit, smart homes, and buildings. The fifth and final pillar involves the illustration of security mechanisms, innovative business models, market opportunities, and societal/economic impacts resulting from the soon-to-be-deployed CAVs. This book contains an archival collection of top quality, cutting-edge and multidisciplinary research on connected autonomous electric vehicles and smart cities. The book is an authoritative reference for smart city decision makers, automotive manufacturers, utility operators, smart-mobility service providers, telecom operators, communications engineers, power engineers, vehicle charging providers, university professors, researchers, and students who would like to learn more about the advances in CAEVs connectivity, autonomy, electrification, security, and integration into smart cities and intelligent transportation systems.
Author: Nikolas Thomopoulos Publisher: Emerald Group Publishing ISBN: 1803823518 Category : Transportation Languages : en Pages : 162
Book Description
This volume is a valuable source of ACT information for developing holistic research methods and global policies for making progress towards the SDGs.
Author: Gereon Meyer Publisher: Springer ISBN: 3319609343 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 255
Book Description
This book is the fourth volume of the sub series of the Lecture Notes in Mobility dedicated to Road Vehicle Automation. lts chapters have been written by researchers, engineers and analysts from all around the globe. Topics covered include public sector activities, human factors and challenges, ethical, legal, energy and technology perspectives, vehicle systems development, as well as transportation infrastructure and planning. The book is based on the Automated Vehicles Symposium which took place in San Francisco, California (USA) in July 2016.
Author: Lipika Deka Publisher: Elsevier ISBN: 0128142960 Category : Transportation Languages : en Pages : 350
Book Description
Transportation Cyber-Physical Systems provides current and future researchers, developers and practitioners with the latest thinking on the emerging interdisciplinary field of Transportation Cyber Physical Systems (TCPS). The book focuses on enhancing efficiency, reducing environmental stress, and meeting societal demands across the continually growing air, water and land transportation needs of both people and goods. Users will find a valuable resource that helps accelerate the research and development of transportation and mobility CPS-driven innovation for the security, reliability and stability of society at-large. The book integrates ideas from Transport and CPS experts and visionaries, consolidating the latest thinking on the topic. As cars, traffic lights and the built environment are becoming connected and augmented with embedded intelligence, it is important to understand how smart ecosystems that encompass hardware, software, and physical components can help sense the changing state of the real world. - Bridges the gap between the transportation, CPS and civil engineering communities - Includes numerous examples of practical applications that show how diverse technologies and topics are integrated in practice - Examines timely, state-of-the-art topics, such as big data analytics, privacy, cybersecurity and smart cities - Shows how TCPS can be developed and deployed, along with its associated challenges - Includes pedagogical aids, such as Illustrations of application scenarios, architecture details, tables describing available methods and tools, chapter objectives, and a glossary - Contains international contributions from academia, government and industry
Author: Hamad Bader Almobayedh
Author: Hamad Bader Almobayedh
Author: 林亦琴
Author: Abdullah Baz
Author: Christos G. Cassandras
Author: Rahul Anuj Patel
Author: Hussein T. Mouftah
Author: Nikolas Thomopoulos
Author: Christian Claudel
Author: Gereon Meyer
Author: Lipika Deka