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Author: Nathaniel Karl Bailey Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 43
Book Description
Automated driving is an emerging technology in the automotive industry which will likely lead to significant changes in transportation systems. As automated driving technology is still in early stages of implementation in vehicles, it is important yet difficult to understand the nature of these changes. Previous research indicates that autonomous vehicles offer numerous benefits to highway traffic, but their impact on traffic in urban scenarios with mixed autonomous and non-autonomous traffic is less understood. This research addresses this issue by using microscopic traffic simulation to develop understanding of how traffic dynamics change as autonomous vehicle penetration rate varies. Manually driven and autonomous vehicles are modeled in a simulation environment with different behavioral models obtained from the literature. Mixed traffic is simulated in a simple network featuring traffic flowing through an isolated signalized intersection. The green phase length, autonomous vehicle penetration rate, and demand rate are varied. We observe an increase in network capacity and a decrease in average delay as autonomous vehicle penetration rate is increased. Using the results of the simulation experiments, an existing analytical network queueing model is formulated to model mixed autonomous and non-autonomous urban traffic. Results from the analytical model are compared to those from simulation in the small network and the Lausanne city network, and they are found to be consistent.
Author: Nathaniel Karl Bailey Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 43
Book Description
Automated driving is an emerging technology in the automotive industry which will likely lead to significant changes in transportation systems. As automated driving technology is still in early stages of implementation in vehicles, it is important yet difficult to understand the nature of these changes. Previous research indicates that autonomous vehicles offer numerous benefits to highway traffic, but their impact on traffic in urban scenarios with mixed autonomous and non-autonomous traffic is less understood. This research addresses this issue by using microscopic traffic simulation to develop understanding of how traffic dynamics change as autonomous vehicle penetration rate varies. Manually driven and autonomous vehicles are modeled in a simulation environment with different behavioral models obtained from the literature. Mixed traffic is simulated in a simple network featuring traffic flowing through an isolated signalized intersection. The green phase length, autonomous vehicle penetration rate, and demand rate are varied. We observe an increase in network capacity and a decrease in average delay as autonomous vehicle penetration rate is increased. Using the results of the simulation experiments, an existing analytical network queueing model is formulated to model mixed autonomous and non-autonomous urban traffic. Results from the analytical model are compared to those from simulation in the small network and the Lausanne city network, and they are found to be consistent.
Author: Constantinos Antoniou Publisher: Springer Nature ISBN: 9811983615 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 273
Book Description
This book presents the proceedings of the 12th International Scientific Conference on Mobility and Transport (mobil.TUM 2022) held on 5–7 April 2022 in Singapore and organized by Technical University of Munich Asia. It presents articles in builds on the interdisciplinary approach in mobility and transportation systems for academia and industries. The topics represent the strong synergy between data analytics, new communication concepts, traffic management, modelling, and simulation to enable inspiration from the latest innovations and explore new directions where public transit is headed to meet the rising challenge of rapid urbanization. It caters to researchers and practitioners who have keen interest in the latest development of transportation systems which can sustain the rapid rise in urbanization.
Author: Xiaotian Li Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
Recent years, automated vehicle (AV) technology, which is expected to solve critical issues, such as traffic efficiency, capacity, and safety, has been put a lot of efforts and making considerable progress. There is another technology called connected vehicle (CV) which connect vehicles through dedicated short-range communication devices. Combining the AV technology and CV technology leads to the more comprehensive connected and automated vehicle (CAV) technology. Although some of the car industry companies, such as Tesla, Waymo, has made great progress in developing CAV, it is still hard to realize commercial use due to the safety issue and cost issue. It seems CAV is not the solution for autonomous in near future. Thus, another innovating technology has been brought into the public's view which is connected automated vehicle highway systems (CAVH). CAVH provides a safer, more reliable, and more cost-effective solution by redistributing vehicle driving tasks to the hierarchical traffic control network and roadside unit (RSU) network. But the cost of a full CAVH system is still too high for commercial use. As a result, a new system has been brought into discuss which is the Partially Instrumented CAVH (PI CAVH). The PI CAVH network facilitates sensing, prediction, decision making for low automated level vehicles (Level 2 CAV) in the areas which involving heavy weaving activities, on/off ramp, work zones, etc. The PI CAVH is considered as a feasible solution for the commercial use of autonomous driving. However, even with the implementation of PI CAVH, human driving vehicles (HDV) will still dominate the road in the near future. Therefore, to find a proper platoon level car following strategy for CAVs under PI CAVH will be a challenging problem. Due to the lack of empirical data, we have to simulate the scenarios under PI CAVH. The current simulation platform cannot reproduce realistic HDV trajectories (especially of different driving styles). The deep learning techniques have demonstrated promising capability in traffic trajectory generation. Neural Networks are widely applied in the research of the car-following model. Among those networks, long short-term memory neural networks (LSTM) is the most used and has great potential for car following behavior modeling. This research focuses on establishing a car following model that can represent various driving styles and generate large numbers of realistic HDV trajectories with the help of deep learning techniques. The proposed model will help us to determine the performance of different car following strategy for CAVs under PI CAVH. This dissertation first reviews on car-following models and CAV control algorithms. Then a unidirectional interconnected LSTM car following model with heterogeneous driving style is established to generate numerous trajectories to simulate scenarios under PI CAVH. Several experiments are carried out to analyze the performance of different car following strategies.
Author: Nathan H. Gartner Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 3642796419 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 376
Book Description
The problems of urban traffic in the industrially developed countries have been at the top of the priority list for a long time. While making a critical contribution to the economic well being of those countries, transportation systems in general and highway traffic in particular, also have detrimental effects which are evident in excessive congestion, high rates of accidents and severe pollution problems. Scientists from different disciplines have played an important role in the development and refinement of the tools needed for the planning, analysis, and control of urban traffic networks. In the past several years, there were particularly rapid advances in two areas that affect urban traffic: 1. Modeling of traffic flows in urban networks and the prediction of the resulting equilibrium conditions; 2. Technology for communication with the driver and the ability to guide him, by providing him with useful, relevant and updated information, to his desired destination.
Author: Qi-jian Gan Publisher: ISBN: 9781321448399 Category : Languages : en Pages : 139
Book Description
A macroscopic relation between the network-level average flow-rate and density, which is known as the macroscopic fundamental diagram (MFD), has been shown to exist in urban networks in stationary states. In the literature, however, most existing studies have considered the MFD as a phenomenon of urban networks, and few have tried to derive it analytically from signal settings, route choice behaviors, or demand patterns. Furthermore, it is still not clear about the definition or existence of stationary traffic states in urban networks and their stability properties. This dissertation research aims to fill this gap. I start to study the stationary traffic states in a signalized double-ring network. A kinematic wave approach is used to formulate the traffic dynamics, and periodic traffic patterns are found using simulations and defined as stationary states. Furthermore, traffic dynamics are aggregated at the link level using the link queue model, and a Poincare map approach is introduced to analytically define and solve possible stationary states. Further results show that a stationary state can be Lyapunov stable, asymptotically stable, or unstable. Moreover, MFDs are explicitly derived such that the network flow-rate is a function of the network density, signal settings, and route choice behaviors. Also the time for the network to be gridlocked is analytically derived. Even with the link queue model, traffic dynamics are still difficult to solve due to the discrete control at signalized junctions. Therefore, efforts are also devoted to deriving invariant continuous approximate models for a signalized road link and analyzing their properties under different capacity constraints, traffic conditions, traffic flow fundamental diagrams, signal settings, and traffic flow models. Analytical and simulation results show that the derived invariant continuous approximate model can fully capture the capacity constraints at the signalized junction and is a good approximation to the discrete signal control under different traffic conditions and traffic flow fundamental diagrams. Further analysis shows that non-invariant continuous approximate models cannot be used in the link transmission model since they can yield no solution to the traffic statics problem under certain traffic conditions. For a signalized grid network, simulations with the link queue model confirm that important insights obtained for double-ring networks indeed apply to more general networks.
Author: Bin Ran Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 3642802303 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 365
Book Description
This book seeks to summarize our recent progress in dynamic trans portation network modeling. It concentrates on ideal dynamic network models based on actual travel times and their corresponding solution algorithms. In contrast, our first book DynamIc Urban Transportation Network Models - The ory and Implications for Intelligent Vehicle-Hzghway Systems (Springer-Verlag, 1994) focused on instantaneous dynamic network models. Comparing the two books, the major differences can be summarized as follows: 1. This book uses the variational inequality problem as the basic formulation approach and considers the optimal control problem as a subproblem for solution purposes. The former book used optimal control theory as the basic formulation approach, which caused critical problems in some circumstances. 2. This book focuses on ideal dynamic network models based on actual travel times. The former book focused on instantaneous dynamic network models based on currently prevailing travel times. 3. This book formulates a stochastic dynamic route choice model which can utilize any possible route choice distribution function instead of only the logit function. 4. This book reformulates the bilevel problem of combined departure time/ route choice as a one-level variational inequality. 5. Finally, a set of problems is provided for classroom use. In addition, this book offers comprehensive insights into the complexity and challenge of applying these dynamic network models to Intelligent Trans portation Systems (ITS). Nevertheless, the models in this text are not yet fully evaluated and are subject to revision based on future research.
Author: Markus Maurer Publisher: Springer ISBN: 3662488477 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 698
Book Description
This book takes a look at fully automated, autonomous vehicles and discusses many open questions: How can autonomous vehicles be integrated into the current transportation system with diverse users and human drivers? Where do automated vehicles fall under current legal frameworks? What risks are associated with automation and how will society respond to these risks? How will the marketplace react to automated vehicles and what changes may be necessary for companies? Experts from Germany and the United States define key societal, engineering, and mobility issues related to the automation of vehicles. They discuss the decisions programmers of automated vehicles must make to enable vehicles to perceive their environment, interact with other road users, and choose actions that may have ethical consequences. The authors further identify expectations and concerns that will form the basis for individual and societal acceptance of autonomous driving. While the safety benefits of such vehicles are tremendous, the authors demonstrate that these benefits will only be achieved if vehicles have an appropriate safety concept at the heart of their design. Realizing the potential of automated vehicles to reorganize traffic and transform mobility of people and goods requires similar care in the design of vehicles and networks. By covering all of these topics, the book aims to provide a current, comprehensive, and scientifically sound treatment of the emerging field of “autonomous driving".
Author: Petros Ioannou Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 1475745737 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 366
Book Description
Experts address some of the main issues and uncertainties associated with the design and deployment of Automated Highway Systems (AHS). They discuss new AHS concepts, technology, and benefits, as well as institutional, environmental, and social issues - concerns that will affect dramatically the operation of the current highway system from both the vehicle and infrastructure points of view.
Author: Bin Ran Publisher: Springer ISBN: Category : Political Science Languages : en Pages : 412
Book Description
Intelligent Vehicle-Highway Systems are providing a welcome stimulus to research on dynamic urban transportation network models. This book presents a new generation of models for solving dynamic travel choice problems including traveler's destination choice, mode choice, departure/arrival time choice and route choice. These models are expected to function as off-line travel forecasting and evaluation tools, and eventually as on-line prediction and control models in advanced traveler information and traffic management systems. In addition to a rich set of new formulations and solution algorithms, the book provides a summary of the necessary mathematical background and concludes with a discussion of the requirements for model implementation.
Author: Nathaniel Karl Bailey
Author: Nathaniel Karl Bailey
Author: Constantinos Antoniou
Author: Xiaotian Li
Author: Nathan H. Gartner
Author: Qi-jian Gan
Author: Bin Ran
Author: Markus Maurer
Author: Petros Ioannou
Author: Christian Claudel
Author: Bin Ran