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Author: M. Catherine Duryea Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 214
Book Description
Sexual selection is a driver of biodiversity and creates spectacular forms of variation. However, only recently have we begun to understand how this variation operates on the postcopulatory level and how cryptic mechanisms affect male-male competition and female choice. Whenever a female mates with and stores sperm from multiple males, there is potential for fertilization to be biased. Brown anoles (Anolis sagrei) are exceptional in that females exhibit a fertilization bias with a known ecological basis. When mated multiply, females produce a higher proportion of sons from larger sires. This bias is adaptive in that sons from larger sires have higher survival in the wild. However, the mechanisms that underlie this bias are not known. Here, I take a three-pronged approached to exploring this cryptic fertilization bias. First, I develop an Approximate Bayesian Computational model to investigate effects of male mating order on their reproductive success. Second, I use a functional genomic approach to investigate the female genetic response to mating and uncover potential genetic candidates involved in postcopulatory sexual selection. Third, I use a three-year parentage dataset of a wild population of brown anoles to determine whether selection is acting antagonistically on male and female body size at the population level, which might further highlight the importance of cryptic processes for fertilization bias. Using Approximate Bayesian modeling, I find that the first male to mate has an advantage in Anolis sagrei. I also find that the model sometimes outperforms other statistical methods at detecting mating order biases. Secondly, I find that the female genetic response to mating in Anolis is complex; many genes are differentially expressed after mating. These genes show convergence to the genetic response to mating in Drosophila based on Gene Ontology. Additionally, I describe one serine protease gene (Stejnibrase) that shows evidence of positive selection. Lastly, I report evidence for sexually antagonistic selection on body size in Anolis sagrei based on a reproductive component of fitness. These results indicate that sexual conflict is a persistent force in this system and that mechanisms that resolve this conflict should be promoted by selection.
Author: M. Catherine Duryea Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 214
Book Description
Sexual selection is a driver of biodiversity and creates spectacular forms of variation. However, only recently have we begun to understand how this variation operates on the postcopulatory level and how cryptic mechanisms affect male-male competition and female choice. Whenever a female mates with and stores sperm from multiple males, there is potential for fertilization to be biased. Brown anoles (Anolis sagrei) are exceptional in that females exhibit a fertilization bias with a known ecological basis. When mated multiply, females produce a higher proportion of sons from larger sires. This bias is adaptive in that sons from larger sires have higher survival in the wild. However, the mechanisms that underlie this bias are not known. Here, I take a three-pronged approached to exploring this cryptic fertilization bias. First, I develop an Approximate Bayesian Computational model to investigate effects of male mating order on their reproductive success. Second, I use a functional genomic approach to investigate the female genetic response to mating and uncover potential genetic candidates involved in postcopulatory sexual selection. Third, I use a three-year parentage dataset of a wild population of brown anoles to determine whether selection is acting antagonistically on male and female body size at the population level, which might further highlight the importance of cryptic processes for fertilization bias. Using Approximate Bayesian modeling, I find that the first male to mate has an advantage in Anolis sagrei. I also find that the model sometimes outperforms other statistical methods at detecting mating order biases. Secondly, I find that the female genetic response to mating in Anolis is complex; many genes are differentially expressed after mating. These genes show convergence to the genetic response to mating in Drosophila based on Gene Ontology. Additionally, I describe one serine protease gene (Stejnibrase) that shows evidence of positive selection. Lastly, I report evidence for sexually antagonistic selection on body size in Anolis sagrei based on a reproductive component of fitness. These results indicate that sexual conflict is a persistent force in this system and that mechanisms that resolve this conflict should be promoted by selection.
Author: Joshua R. York Publisher: ISBN: Category : Collared lizards Languages : en Pages : 212
Book Description
"Sexual selection theory often predicts that socially dominant males should sire more offspring than males adopting subordinate social tactics. However, it is often difficult to determine the extent to which this expected distribution of male reproductive success is influenced by intra- and intersexual selection. Using a combination of field behavioral studies and molecular genetic techniques, I first tested the extent to which observations of social and spatial behavior predicted the distribution of reproductive success among female collared lizards and males displaying alternative social tactics (territorial and non-territorial) during a single reproductive season. I also examined the strength of sexual selection acting on male morphological and behavioral traits. Contrary to expectations, male social status did not accurately predict patterns of reproductive success: non-territorial males obtained reproductive success equal to that of territorial males and females were highly promiscuous, mating with a similar number of territorial and non-territorial males, both within and among successive clutches. None of the traits that I examined were significant targets of sexual selection among non-territorial males. However, male snout-vent-length was under positive directional selection among territorial males. To test the generality of my earlier findings, I expanded my analyses to encompass three seasons to examine how the number of female mates and offspring sired among males varied with marked natural variation in the intensity of intra- and intersexual selection within and among seasons, and the influence of behavioral traits on male fitness. I also examined how the degree of female promiscuity varied with changes in the intensity of sexual selection and the influence of female promiscuity on offspring survivorship. Unexpectedly, results from all seasons confirmed that non-territorial males consistently mated with similar numbers of females and sired similar numbers of offspring as territorial males. Moreover, females were promiscuous in all three seasons with similar numbers of territorial and non-territorial males. However, promiscuity decreased offspring survivorship. Together, my results suggest that mating relationships among collared lizards contrast sharply with predictions from classical mating system theory and likely represent the outcome of sexual conflict. Both sexual conflict and the high reproductive success of non-territorial males appear to be promoted by the homogeneous and continuous topography of the semi-natural habitat at my study site, which differs markedly from the natural habitat of collared lizards."--Abstract.
Author: Göran Arnqvist Publisher: Princeton University Press ISBN: 0691122180 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 347
Book Description
"This book demonstrates that , despite a shared genome, conflicts between interacting males and females are ubiquitous, and that selection in the two sexes is continuously pulling this genome in opposite directions." --Cover.
Author: Jonathan B. Losos Publisher: Univ of California Press ISBN: 0520269845 Category : Nature Languages : en Pages : 528
Book Description
"In a book both beautifully illustrated and deeply informative, Jonathan Losos, a leader in evolutionary ecology, celebrates and analyzes the diversity of the natural world that the fascinating anoline lizards epitomize. Readers who are drawn to nature by its beauty or its intellectual challenges—or both—will find his book rewarding."—Douglas J. Futuyma, State University of New York, Stony Brook "This book is destined to become a classic. It is scholarly, informative, stimulating, and highly readable, and will inspire a generation of students."—Peter R. Grant, author of How and Why Species Multiply: The Radiation of Darwin's Finches "Anoline lizards experienced a spectacular adaptive radiation in the dynamic landscape of the Caribbean islands. The radiation has extended over a long period of time and has featured separate radiations on the larger islands. Losos, the leading active student of these lizards, presents an integrated and synthetic overview, summarizing the enormous and multidimensional research literature. This engaging book makes a wonderful example of an adaptive radiation accessible to all, and the lavish illustrations, especially the photographs, make the anoles come alive in one's mind."—David Wake, University of California, Berkeley "This magnificent book is a celebration and synthesis of one of the most eventful adaptive radiations known. With disarming prose and personal narrative Jonathan Losos shows how an obsession, beginning at age ten, became a methodology and a research plan that, together with studies by colleagues and predecessors, culminated in many of the principles we now regard as true about the origins and maintenance of biodiversity. This work combines rigorous analysis and glorious natural history in a unique volume that stands with books by the Grants on Darwin's finches among the most informed and engaging accounts ever written on the evolution of a group of organisms in nature."—Dolph Schluter, author of The Ecology of Adaptive Radiation
Author: Vincent Bels Publisher: CRC Press ISBN: 0429637551 Category : Nature Languages : en Pages : 569
Book Description
Key features: Presents a contemporary snapshot of the mechanisms underlying the evolution and adaptation of behavior Explores how genetics, epigenetics, development, and environment shape behavior Discusses a broad range of behavioral repertoires and responses, including those related to thermoregulatory, foraging, predatory, displaying, social and escape strategies. Examines physiological and sensory mechanisms Covers the effects of various aspects of global change on behavior, with chapters that focus on the impacts of climate change on hydroregulatory behavior and behavioral responses to the effects of habitat alteration resulting from human-mediated change and colonization by invasive species. Lizards serve as focal organisms for many of biological questions related to evolution, ecology, physiology, and morphology. They are studied at multiple spatial and temporal scales, from the individual to the community level. This book, authored by expert contributors from around the world, explores behaviors underlying the evolution and adaptation of these organisms. It covers conceptual, empirical, and methodological approaches to the understanding of the role that natural and sexual selection play in molding the behavioral traits of lizards. This thorough, illustrated reference should stimulate discussion of the conceptual and methodological approaches for studying the behavioral traits of these fascinating and highly diverse vertebrates.
Author: National Academy of Sciences Publisher: ISBN: Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 388
Book Description
The Arthur M. Sackler Colloquia of the National Academy of Sciences address scientific topics of broad and current interest, cutting across the boundaries of traditional disciplines. Each year, four or five such colloquia are scheduled, typically two days in length and international in scope. Colloquia are organized by a member of the Academy, often with the assistance of an organizing committee, and feature presentations by leading scientists in the field and discussions with a hundred or more researchers with an interest in the topic. Colloquia presentations are recorded and posted on the National Academy of Sciences Sackler colloquia website and published on CD-ROM. These Colloquia are made possible by a generous gift from Mrs. Jill Sackler, in memory of her husband, Arthur M. Sackler.
Author: James Boyko Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
The central goal of this work is to examine how species interactions affect trait evolution over macroevolutionary timescales. The Lesser Antilles offer a relatively closed system where the trait evolution of two closely related coexisting species can be compared to the trait evolution of solitary species. Competition as a selective force is predicted to affect a wide variety of characters. Trait divergence that increases interspecific resource partitioning can manifest in morphological, ecological, behavioural, or physiological differences. The present study is concerned with the evolution of body size, functional shape, and sexual dimorphism. Chapter 1 consists of several tests for character displacement on one and two-species islands, with the goal of evaluating the effect of congener presence on trait evolution. Chapter 2 tests the hypothesis that competition influences the degree of sexual dimorphism observed in Lesser Antillean anoles; this hypothesis is compared to an alternative explanation for the evolution of sexual dimorphism, Renschâ s rule.
Author: William G. Eberhard Publisher: Princeton University Press ISBN: 9780691010854 Category : Family & Relationships Languages : en Pages : 532
Book Description
Evidence from various fields indicates that such selectivity by females may be the norm rather than the exception. Because most postcopulatory competition among males for paternity is played out within the bodies of females, female behavior, morphology, and physiology probably often influence male success in these contests, Eberhard draws examples from a diversity of organisms, ranging from ctenophores to scorpions, nematodes to frogs, and crickets to humans.
Author: M. Catherine Duryea
Author: M. Catherine Duryea
Author: Joshua R. York
Author: Göran Arnqvist
Author: Marguerite Anne Butler
Author: Jonathan B. Losos
Author: Vincent Bels
Author: Erin Lea Marnocha
Author: National Academy of Sciences
Author: James Boyko
Author: William G. Eberhard