Sericea Lespedeza (Lespedeza Cuneata) Invasion PDF Download
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Author: Jeffrey Michael Howard Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 87
Book Description
Lespedeza cuneata [(Dumont) G. Don] is a perennial legume first introduced to North America from eastern Asia in 1896 and is now widespread and well established across much of the eastern and central United States. Possible impacts of invasion and mechanisms of spread however are poorly understood. I assessed the influence of three L. cuneata cover classes (i.e., 5%, 15 - 20%, and 25% per m2) on a small mammal community in eastern Oklahoma (February 2010 to December 2011). I also examined the relationship between local fire history and L. cuneata cover and also considered the effect of plant invasion on the vegetation community in these same areas. My results indicate small mammal community diversity decreased with increasing L. cuneata cover, while Sigmodon hispidus body mass and catch rate increased with increasing L. cuneata cover. Lespedeza cuneata invasion decreased numbers of other species, such as Peromyscus maniculatus, Neotoma floridana, P. attwateri, and Microtus pinetoru. Model selection and multimodel inference indicated catch rates for common species were most influenced by vegetation height and occurrence of bare ground, while L. cuneata cover and vegetation richness exerted variable influence. For the fire history analysis, mean fire return interval (MFI) alone explained 75% of the variation in L. cuneata cover and the relationship was negative. Additionally, L. cuneata invasion suppressed graminoid cover. I provide evidence to indicate continued loss of habitat heterogeneity due to L. cuneata invasion will likely favor a community composed of relatively few, but individually abundant small mammal species. My findings also reveal for the first time the possible relationship between MFI and L. cuneata cover. My dissertation adds to the literature that indicates invasive plants are capable of modifying habitat structure and ecological conditions under which native organisms evolved.
Author: Jeffrey Michael Howard Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 87
Book Description
Lespedeza cuneata [(Dumont) G. Don] is a perennial legume first introduced to North America from eastern Asia in 1896 and is now widespread and well established across much of the eastern and central United States. Possible impacts of invasion and mechanisms of spread however are poorly understood. I assessed the influence of three L. cuneata cover classes (i.e., 5%, 15 - 20%, and 25% per m2) on a small mammal community in eastern Oklahoma (February 2010 to December 2011). I also examined the relationship between local fire history and L. cuneata cover and also considered the effect of plant invasion on the vegetation community in these same areas. My results indicate small mammal community diversity decreased with increasing L. cuneata cover, while Sigmodon hispidus body mass and catch rate increased with increasing L. cuneata cover. Lespedeza cuneata invasion decreased numbers of other species, such as Peromyscus maniculatus, Neotoma floridana, P. attwateri, and Microtus pinetoru. Model selection and multimodel inference indicated catch rates for common species were most influenced by vegetation height and occurrence of bare ground, while L. cuneata cover and vegetation richness exerted variable influence. For the fire history analysis, mean fire return interval (MFI) alone explained 75% of the variation in L. cuneata cover and the relationship was negative. Additionally, L. cuneata invasion suppressed graminoid cover. I provide evidence to indicate continued loss of habitat heterogeneity due to L. cuneata invasion will likely favor a community composed of relatively few, but individually abundant small mammal species. My findings also reveal for the first time the possible relationship between MFI and L. cuneata cover. My dissertation adds to the literature that indicates invasive plants are capable of modifying habitat structure and ecological conditions under which native organisms evolved.
Author: Eric Ntiamoah Publisher: GRIN Verlag ISBN: 3346113604 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 56
Book Description
Master's Thesis from the year 2017 in the subject Biology - Botany, grade: 3.6, Southern Illinois University at Edwardsville (Graduate School), course: Environmental Science, language: English, abstract: Sericea lespedeza is an aggressive invasive plant which can suppress and displace native plant species in grasslands and prairies in the United States. The goal of the study is to determine how large the seed bank of lespedeza might be. Furthermore, the author tries to determine if a pre-emergent herbicide treatment could suppress Lespedeza germination and whether this provided benefits to a typical native species propagated into the site. In the work, the author first characterized the soil seed bank at different invaded sites on SIUE campus using the seedling emergence method. In the second part, the author assessed the success of a pre-emergent herbicide in preventing the germination of lespedeza seed bank after lespedeza removal. The growth of a native grass (Sorghastrum nutans) as a replacement species has also been evaluated. Currently Sericea lespedeza is rapidly spreading throughout the U.S and has been estimated to eventually invade about 61percent of the total land area. Lespedeza has become a successful colonizer because of its ability to tolerate and thrive under a wide range of environmental and soil conditions. Once established, lespedeza is very difficult to remove due to its persistent seed bank which can remain viable for years. To successfully control lespedeza, we must find effective ways to suppress or kill seeds in the soil, but this has received little research attention.
Author: Molly M. Reichenborn Publisher: ISBN: Category : Electronic dissertations Languages : en Pages : 31
Book Description
Sericea lespedeza (Lespedeza cuneata) is an invasive legume threatening plant communities in the southeastern and southcentral United States. In addition to reducing native species abundance, current evidence suggests that L. cuneata invasion may alter soil conditions in host communities. If correct, L. cuneata may create a soil legacy effect that impacts community recovery, even if control measures have effectively removed L. cuneata. I examined the recovery of a prairie plant community in Jefferson county, Kansas to determine if the historical presence of L. cuneata affected 1) the relative abundance of all species and 2) the colonization of native species in the community four years following L. cuneata removal. To address this, L. cuneata seeds were sown into 300 plots at a wide range of densities (0 to 10,000 seeds m-2 ) under different combinations of simulated disturbance and soil fertilization. After a three-year establishment period, the percent cover and stem density of L. cuneata was recorded, and the community was burned and sprayed with herbicide to eliminate L. cuneata. Fertilization and disturbance treatments were discontinued, and thirteen native forb species were sown into all plots. The stem density of all sown species was recorded annually over a four-year recovery period, and the percent cover of all species present was recorded in the fourth year of recovery. Analysis of community data in response to the historical presence of L. cuneata did not indicate the presence of a soil legacy effect. Although the relationship between community species cover and the historical cover of L. cuneata was significant in some cases, the variation explained by these comparisons was quite low. Similarly, the colonization of sown native species in the community was unrelated to the historical cover of L. cuneata. These results indicate that L. cuneata does not create a soil legacy effect if effectively controlled within the first three years of invasion, regardless of initial density.
Author: Sarah B. Ogden Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
Sericea lespedeza (Lespedeza cuneata) is an invasive forb that reduces native grass and forb abundance in tall-grass prairie by up to 92%. Controlling invasions is difficult because traditional land management tools used in the Flint Hills, broad spectrum herbicides, spring prescribed fire, and cattle grazing, are ineffective against sericea. Recent research has demonstrated, however, that mid- and late summer prescribed fire and spring fire with early season grazing by steers followed by late season grazing by sheep are effective at reducing sericea whole plant mass, number of seeds produced, and seed mass. Field results were from two separate experiments conducted in tall-grass prairie study sites in the Flint Hills. On a Geary County, Kansas, study site, the utility of 1) spring fire (control), 2) mid-summer fire, and 3) late summer fire on sericea control were compared. On a Woodson County, Kansas, study site, the utility of 1) spring fire with early season steer grazing followed by rest (control) and 2) spring fire with early season steer grazing and late season sheep grazing on sericea control were compared. At the same study sites, I measured responses by the native wildlife community to use of summer fire and sheep grazing, relative to their controls, to manage sericea lespedeza. Specifically, my objectives were to compare grassland songbird density, grassland songbird nest survival, and grassland butterfly species composition and density among treatments at both study sites. I also related patterns in the vegetation community of each treatment for each study site to respective patterns in grassland bird and butterfly communities. Within study sites, density, nest density, and nest success of grassland bird communities responded similarly to treatments and controls, with the exception that densities of Grasshopper Sparrows (Ammodramus savanarrum) were 3.4- and 2.2-fold greater in mid- and late summer fire plots than spring fire plots, respectively, in the Geary County study site. Species compositions of butterfly communities were similar across treatments within experiments, but grassland specialist species comprised only 8.6 and 1.2% of all butterfly observations in the Geary County and Woodson County experiments, respectively. Grassland specialist butterfly species may benefit from summer fire, as their nectar sources were more abundant in Summer Fire plots than Spring Fire plots. Overall, within each experiment, grassland bird and butterfly communities were similar across treatments, suggesting that treatments did not negatively affect grassland songbird and butterfly communities. I additionally demonstrated that Dickcissel (Spiza americana) nest sites contain a lower proportion of sericea than random points, the first evidence that the invasion is detrimental to grassland songbird species. Lacking control, the continued sericea invasion will out compete cumulatively more forb plants resulting in declining quality of grassland bird nesting habitat on the landscape. Controlling sericea lespedeza invasions will allow native forb species to increase in abundance and improve the condition of grasslands for native wildlife and livestock producers. Therefore, I advocate use of summer fire or spring fire with a combination of cattle and sheep grazing to control sericea lespedeza with the long-term goal of tall-grass prairie restoration.
Author: Bryant M.. Wong Publisher: ISBN: Category : Electronic dissertations Languages : en Pages : 21
Book Description
There is growing interest in whether invasive species may be controlled by targeting key life stages or by tailoring different management strategies to the specific characteristics of particular life stages. In this study, I test whether fire targeted at seed or seedling stages of sericea can increase mortality and potentially limit the spread of this invader. Two field experiments were performed manipulating the timing of fire and a laboratory experiment was conducted that quantified germination rates. The field experiments revealed that seedling survivorship varied with timing of burns and plant age, but these variables only accounted for a small amount of the variability in survivorship (R2 = 0.09, P = 0.032), suggesting that sericea seedlings quickly reach a size from which they can resprout. At the seed stage, fire greatly enhanced cumulative germination in the field burns. In contrast, the lab experiment showed that fire inflicted extremely high mortality on sericea seeds, suggesting that, in the field, seeds gain protection from fire as they mix with soil and that fire may increase germination due to enhanced resource availability. Taken together, my results illustrate that, although targeting vulnerable life stages is a sound strategy for invasive species control, careful preliminary studies may be needed to unravel complex interactions between biotic and abiotic variables before effective solutions can be devised.
Author: Jack E. Cornell Publisher: ISBN: Category : Alien plants Languages : en Pages : 122
Book Description
Lespedeza cuneata (Sericea lespedeza) is a nonnative invasive legume that competively excludes native grasses and forbs. Unfortunately, typical management protocols that are used to maintain native flora in Missouri old fields and prairies, mowing and fire, enhance L. cuneata growth and seedling establishment. This study examined management strategies for communities in Missouri that have become degraded due to high density stands of L. cuneata. I tested a relatively novel management regime at Wilson's Creek National Battlefield in Springfield, Missouri to control L. cuneata that minimizes the use of herbicides and maximizes the natural competitive interactions of native species. I used an organic fertilizer (4-1-4) to increase soil quality and promote the competitive ability of native grasses and forbs. I applied a newly-developed herbicide (PastureGard, developed by DowAgro) that targets legumes and other woody species. Finally, I used mowing, which is a necessary treatment to control secondary growth in prairie habitats. I found that PastureGard effectively controlled L. cuneata (stem density per m2 was reduced from 89.4 ± 13.9 (mean ± standard deviation) to 0.0 ± 0.0 in treated plots). Fertilization reduced percent cover of L. cuneata cover from 27.2 ± 5.34 to 6.3 ± 4.2. Mowing did not have a significant effect on reducing L. cuneata dominance. Combining fertilization with herbicide did not have the desired effect of increasing species richness. Results suggest that fertilization does have potential for controlling L. cuneata in highly invaded prairies and old-fields if used in conjunction with at least one herbicide application.
Author: Katherine Coykendall Publisher: ISBN: Category : Electronic dissertations Languages : en Pages : 50
Book Description
Lespedeza cuneata is an Asian legume introduced to the U.S. in the 1930s as erosion control and forage, but it can also have strong negative effects on native species and in some cases form dense monocultures. One proposed explanation for this invasive success is that L. cuneata produces allelopathic chemicals that either directly suppresses native species or indirectly alters soil chemistry or microbial communities in ways that give L. cuneata a competitive advantage. Additionally, L. cuneata may have competitive advantages over native species that operate independently or in conjunction with these allelopathic mechanisms. To test these hypotheses, I collected soil from a previous three-year field experiment in which L. cuneata was established in or excluded from randomly selected plots in a common soil type and site history. A series of greenhouse experiments were designed to isolate putative allelopathic effects, resource competition and effects of neighbor identity on native plants. Invaded soil had positive effects on L. cuneata biomass while native biomass decreased for several native species. Additionally, water manipulation resulted in significant interactions with soil history or neighbor identity for a subset of the native species, indicating that resource competition may impact invasive success of sericea. These results support the hypothesis that L. cuneata can create a positive feedback that may increase invasion potential, as well as directly impacting growth of natives,and these effects may be intensified by low water conditions.
Author: Jeffrey Michael Howard
Author: Jeffrey Michael Howard
Author: Eric Ntiamoah
Author: Molly M. Reichenborn
Author: James H. Miller
Author: James Howard Miller
Author: Sarah B. Ogden
Author: Bryant M.. Wong
Author: Jack E. Cornell
Author: 
Author: Katherine Coykendall