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Author: Great Britain. Foreign Office. Historical Section Publisher: ISBN: Category : Belarus Languages : en Pages : 160
Book Description
In preparation for the peace conference that was expected to follow World War I, in the spring of 1917 the British Foreign Office established a special section responsible for preparing background information for use by British delegates to the conference. Russian Poland, Lithuania and White Russia is Number 44 in a series of more than 160 studies produced by the section, most of which were published after the conclusion of the 1919 Paris Peace Conference. The study deals with parts of the Kingdom of Poland acquired by Russia in the 18th-century partitions of Poland (and confirmation of those partitions in 1815 at the Congress of Vienna) as well as the three Lithuanian provinces of the Russian Empire (Grodno, Kovno, and Vilna), and the three provinces (Vitebsk, Mohilev, and Minsk) known as White Russia (present-day Belarus). The book includes sections on physical and political geography, political history, social and political conditions, and economic conditions. The total population of Russian Poland in 1914 was 13,335,400, of whom more than 75 percent were Polish. Minority populations in the country included Jews, Germans, Lithuanians, and Ukrainians (Ruthenians). In Lithuania and White Russia, the population of some 12,000,000 consisted mainly of Belarusians, Jews, and Lithuanians. Much of the study concerns the future of this ethnically and linguistically diverse region. The Lithuanian National Council, at a convention in Petrograd (Saint Petersburg) in May 1917, had issued a call for complete Lithuanian independence, while the Polish political parties had issued a declaration calling for the creation of a Polish-Lithuanian union. The study examines the merits of these conflicting positions, and the potential for conflict with Russia should the Polish proposals be adopted. Following the Paris Peace Conference, Poland and Lithuania were reconstituted as separate sovereign states. The appendix includes the texts (in French) of the Lithuanian and Polish statements on postwar independence.
Author: Great Britain. Foreign Office. Historical Section Publisher: ISBN: Category : Belarus Languages : en Pages : 160
Book Description
In preparation for the peace conference that was expected to follow World War I, in the spring of 1917 the British Foreign Office established a special section responsible for preparing background information for use by British delegates to the conference. Russian Poland, Lithuania and White Russia is Number 44 in a series of more than 160 studies produced by the section, most of which were published after the conclusion of the 1919 Paris Peace Conference. The study deals with parts of the Kingdom of Poland acquired by Russia in the 18th-century partitions of Poland (and confirmation of those partitions in 1815 at the Congress of Vienna) as well as the three Lithuanian provinces of the Russian Empire (Grodno, Kovno, and Vilna), and the three provinces (Vitebsk, Mohilev, and Minsk) known as White Russia (present-day Belarus). The book includes sections on physical and political geography, political history, social and political conditions, and economic conditions. The total population of Russian Poland in 1914 was 13,335,400, of whom more than 75 percent were Polish. Minority populations in the country included Jews, Germans, Lithuanians, and Ukrainians (Ruthenians). In Lithuania and White Russia, the population of some 12,000,000 consisted mainly of Belarusians, Jews, and Lithuanians. Much of the study concerns the future of this ethnically and linguistically diverse region. The Lithuanian National Council, at a convention in Petrograd (Saint Petersburg) in May 1917, had issued a call for complete Lithuanian independence, while the Polish political parties had issued a declaration calling for the creation of a Polish-Lithuanian union. The study examines the merits of these conflicting positions, and the potential for conflict with Russia should the Polish proposals be adopted. Following the Paris Peace Conference, Poland and Lithuania were reconstituted as separate sovereign states. The appendix includes the texts (in French) of the Lithuanian and Polish statements on postwar independence.
Author: Daniel Z. Stone Publisher: University of Washington Press ISBN: 0295803622 Category : History Languages : en Pages : 392
Book Description
For four centuries, the Polish�Lithuanian state encompassed a major geographic region comparable to present-day Poland, Lithuania, Belarus, Ukraine, Russia, Latvia, Estonia, and Romania. Governed by a constitutional monarchy that offered the numerous nobility extensive civil and political rights, it enjoyed unusual domestic tranquility, for its military strength kept most enemies at bay until the mid-seventeenth century and the country generally avoided civil wars. Selling grain and timber to western Europe helped make it exceptionally wealthy for much of the period. The Polish�Lithuanian State, 1386�1795 is the first account in English devoted specifically to this important era. It takes a regional rather than a national approach, considering the internal development of the Ukrainian, Jewish, Lithuanian, and Prussian German nations that coexisted with the Poles in this multinational state. Presenting Jewish history also clarifies urban history, because Jews lived in the unincorporated "private cities" and suburbs, which historians have overlooked in favor of incorporated "royal cities." In the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries the private cities and suburbs often thrived while the inner cities decayed. The book also traces the institutional development of the Roman Catholic Church in Poland�Lithuania, one of the few European states to escape bloody religious conflict during the Reformation and Counter Reformation. Both seasoned historians and general readers will appreciate the many excellent brief biographies that advance the narrative and illuminate the subject matter of this comprehensive and absorbing volume.
Author: Great Britain. Foreign Office. Historical Section Publisher: ISBN: Category : Belarus Languages : en Pages : 160
Book Description
In preparation for the peace conference that was expected to follow World War I, in the spring of 1917 the British Foreign Office established a special section responsible for preparing background information for use by British delegates to the conference. Russian Poland, Lithuania and White Russia is Number 44 in a series of more than 160 studies produced by the section, most of which were published after the conclusion of the 1919 Paris Peace Conference. The study deals with parts of the Kingdom of Poland acquired by Russia in the 18th-century partitions of Poland (and confirmation of those partitions in 1815 at the Congress of Vienna) as well as the three Lithuanian provinces of the Russian Empire (Grodno, Kovno, and Vilna), and the three provinces (Vitebsk, Mohilev, and Minsk) known as White Russia (present-day Belarus). The book includes sections on physical and political geography, political history, social and political conditions, and economic conditions. The total population of Russian Poland in 1914 was 13,335,400, of whom more than 75 percent were Polish. Minority populations in the country included Jews, Germans, Lithuanians, and Ukrainians (Ruthenians). In Lithuania and White Russia, the population of some 12,000,000 consisted mainly of Belarusians, Jews, and Lithuanians. Much of the study concerns the future of this ethnically and linguistically diverse region. The Lithuanian National Council, at a convention in Petrograd (Saint Petersburg) in May 1917, had issued a call for complete Lithuanian independence, while the Polish political parties had issued a declaration calling for the creation of a Polish-Lithuanian union. The study examines the merits of these conflicting positions, and the potential for conflict with Russia should the Polish proposals be adopted. Following the Paris Peace Conference, Poland and Lithuania were reconstituted as separate sovereign states. The appendix includes the texts (in French) of the Lithuanian and Polish statements on postwar independence.
Author: Glenn Kurtz Publisher: Macmillan ISBN: 0374276773 Category : Biography & Autobiography Languages : en Pages : 433
Book Description
"The author's search for the annihilated Polish community captured in his grandfather's 1938 home movie. Traveling in Europe in August 1938, one year before the outbreak of World War II, David Kurtz, the author's grandfather, captured three minutes of ordinary life in a small, predominantly Jewish town in Poland on 16 mm Kodachrome color film. More than seventy years later, through the brutal twists of history, these few minutes of home-movie footage would become a memorial to an entire community--an entire culture--that was annihilated in the Holocaust. Three Minutes in Poland traces Glenn Kurtz's remarkable four-year journey to identify the people in his grandfather's haunting images. His search takes him across the United States; to Canada, England, Poland, and Israel; to archives, film preservation laboratories, and an abandoned Luftwaffe airfield. Ultimately, Kurtz locates seven living survivors from this lost town, including an eighty-six-year-old man who appears in the film as a thirteen-year-old boy. Painstakingly assembled from interviews, photographs, documents, and artifacts, Three Minutes in Poland tells the rich, funny, harrowing, and surprisingly intertwined stories of these seven survivors and their Polish hometown. Originally a travel souvenir, David Kurtz's home movie became the sole remaining record of a vibrant town on the brink of catastrophe. From this brief film, Glenn Kurtz creates a riveting exploration of memory, loss, and improbable survival--a monument to a lost world"--
Author: Darius Staliūnas Publisher: Central European University Press ISBN: 9633863643 Category : History Languages : en Pages : 408
Book Description
This collection of essays addresses the challenge of modern nationalism to the tsarist Russian Empire. First appearing on the empire’s western periphery this challenge, was most prevalent in twelve provinces extending from Ukrainian lands in the south to the Baltic provinces in the north, as well as to the Kingdom of Poland. At issue is whether the late Russian Empire entered World War I as a multiethnic state with many of its age-old mechanisms run by a multiethnic elite, or as a Russian state predominantly managed by ethnic Russians. The tsarist vision of prioritizing loyalty among all subjects over privileging ethnic Russians and discriminating against non-Russians faced a fundamental problem: as soon as the opportunity presented itself, non-Russians would increase their demands and become increasingly separatist. The authors found that although the imperial government did not really identify with popular Russian nationalism, it sometimes ended up implementing policies promoted by Russian nationalist proponents. Matters addressed include native language education, interconfessional rivalry, the “Jewish question,” the origins of mass tourism in the western provinces, as well as the emergence of Russian nationalist attitudes in the aftermath of the first Russian revolution.
Author: Katharina Friedla Publisher: Academic Studies PRess ISBN: 1644697513 Category : History Languages : en Pages : 453
Book Description
Winner of the 2022 PIASA Anna M. Cienciala Award for the Best Edited Book in Polish StudiesThe majority of Poland’s prewar Jewish population who fled to the interior of the Soviet Union managed to survive World War II and the Holocaust. This collection of original essays tells the story of more than 200,000 Polish Jews who came to a foreign country as war refugees, forced laborers, or political prisoners. This diverse set of experiences is covered by historians, literary and memory scholars, and sociologists who specialize in the field of East European Jewish history and culture.
Author: Yitzhak Arad Publisher: U of Nebraska Press ISBN: 1496210794 Category : History Languages : en Pages : 689
Book Description
Published by the University of Nebraska Press, Lincoln, and Yad Vashem, Jerusalem The Holocaust in the Soviet Union is the most complete account to date of the Soviet Jews during the World War II and the Holocaust (1941-45). Reports, records, documents, and research previously unavailable in English enable Yitzhak Arad to trace the Holocaust in the German-occupied territories of the Soviet Union through three separate periods in which German political and military goals in the occupied territories dictated the treatment of the Jews. Arad's examination of the differences between the Holocaust in the Soviet Union compared to other European nations reveals how Nazi ideological attacks on the Soviet Union, which included war on "Judeo-Bolshevism," led to harsher treatment of Jews in the Soviet Union than in most other occupied territories. This historical narrative presents a wealth of information from German, Russian, and Jewish archival sources that will be invaluable to scholars, researchers, and the general public for years to come.
Author: Norman Davies Publisher: Random House ISBN: 1446466868 Category : History Languages : en Pages : 352
Book Description
Surprisingly little known, the Polish-Soviet War of 1919-20 was to change the course of twentieth-century history. In White Eagle, Red Star, Norman Davies gives a full account of the War, with its dramatic climax in August 1920 when the Red Army - sure of victory and pledged to carry the Revolution across Europe to 'water our horses on the Rhine' - was crushed by a devastating Polish attack. Since known as the 'miracle on the Vistula', it remains one of the most decisive battles of the Western world. Drawing on both Polish and Russian sources, Norman Davies illustrates the narrative with documentary material which hitherto has not been readily available and shows how the War was far more an 'episode' in East European affairs, but largely determined the course of European history for the next twenty years or more.
Author: Great Britain. Foreign Office. Historical Section
Author: Great Britain. Foreign Office. Historical Section
Author: Daniel Z. Stone
Author: Great Britain. Foreign Office. Historical Section
Author: Andrej Kotljarchuk
Author: Great Britain. Foreign Office. Historical Section
Author: Glenn Kurtz
Author: Darius Staliūnas
Author: Katharina Friedla
Author: Yitzhak Arad
Author: Norman Davies