Rupture Mechanics of Slip-deficient Fault Zones PDF Download

Author: J. R. Rice
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Earthquake hazard analysis
Languages : en
Pages :

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Author: J. R. Rice
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Earthquake prediction
Languages : en
Pages : 34

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Author: Marion Y. Thomas
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1119156912
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 310

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Book Description
Earthquakes are some of the most dynamic features of the Earth. This multidisciplinary volume presents an overview of earthquake processes and properties including the physics of dynamic faulting, fault fabric and mechanics, physical and chemical properties of fault zones, dynamic rupture processes, and numerical modeling of fault zones during seismic rupture. This volume examines questions such as: • What are the dynamic processes recorded in fault gouge? • What can we learn about rupture dynamics from laboratory experiments? • How do on-fault and off-fault properties affect seismic ruptures? • How do fault zones evolve over time? Fault Zone Dynamic Processes: Evolution of Fault Properties During Seismic Rupture is a valuable resource for scientists, researchers and students from across the geosciences interested in the earthquakes processes.

Author: Yehuda Ben-Zion
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3034601387
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 375

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Book Description
Considerable progress has been made recently in quantifying geometrical and physical properties of fault surfaces and adjacent fractured and granulated damage zones in active faulting environments. There has also been significant progress in developing rheologies and computational frameworks that can model the dynamics of fault zone processes. This volume provides state-of-the-art theoretical and observational results on the mechanics, structure and evolution of fault zones. Subjects discussed include damage rheologies, development of instabilities, fracture and friction, dynamic rupture experiments, and analyses of earthquake and fault zone data.

Author: James R. Rice
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Earthquakes
Languages : en
Pages : 36

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Author: James R. Rice
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Faults (Geology)
Languages : en
Pages : 34

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Author: Chris J. Marone
Publisher: Birkhauser
ISBN:
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 532

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Author: Paul Bodin
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Earthquake prediction
Languages : en
Pages : 12

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Author: Srisharan Shreedharan
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :

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Tectonic faults fail in a spectrum of slip modes ranging from aseismic creep to fast elastodynamic ruptures. In the laboratory, these slip modes and fault frictional stability can be quantified by second-order changes in friction, and modeled using experimentally-derived designer friction laws known as rate-and-state friction (RSF). Even though RSF has been utilized to study fault slip and stability for many decades, the parameters constituting RSF and their relationship to the underlying grain-scale frictional contact mechanics, particularly in the context of slow and fast ruptures, are poorly constrained. While light intensity-based imaging techniques provide some insights into the evolution of microscopic frictional contacts during shear, their utility is limited in the case of opaque geologic media such as sheared rock and granular fault gouge. Motivated by the successful application of ultrasonic wave monitoring for imaging rock joints and fractures, I use ultrasonic acoustic monitoring for a range of fault slip behaviors in the laboratory, to constrain the micromechanical behavior of deforming load-bearing asperities that make up tectonic faults. In this dissertation, I ask fundamental questions surrounding the deformation of microscopic load-bearing asperity populations that make up frictional interfaces and granular fault gouge assemblages. I dissect the various parameters that make up the RSF constitutive framework, and ask what frictional state and the critical slip distance represent in the context of creeping tectonic faults. I also strive to answer whether the microphysical mechanisms operating across the spectrum of slip behaviors, from stable sliding to fast ruptures, are similar or fundamentally different. I examine the role of normal stress and velocity perturbations on experimental rate-state faults, particularly in the context of contact-scale processes, and use these insights to constrain the potential origins of shallow slow earthquakes, both frictional and mineralogical, at the Hikurangi subduction margin. I start this dissertation by introducing the problem statement broadly and providing some context for the known and unknown aspects of interfacial contact-scale friction in Chapter 1. In Chapter 2, I probe an extended RSF formulation, incorporating the role of normal stress and velocity variations on frictional state, and its application to rough, planar faults using ultrasonic wave amplitudes. In chapters 3-5, I generate a range of slow and fast slip modes on mature faults with simulated wear and jointly characterize precursory creep and ultrasonic wave properties in the context of frictional state evolution. Chapter 3 demonstrates that ultrasonic wave amplitudes have a long, temporal precursory signal strongly related preseismic fault acceleration for the full spectrum of unstable slip modes. I quantify the sensitivities of ultrasonic wave amplitudes and velocities on stress and slip rate in Chapter 4, and demonstrate how they can be used as long- and short-term precursors respectively to seismicity in the lab and, perhaps occasionally, in crustal faults. Chapter 5 leverages results from the previous chapters to provide a framework for laboratory earthquake forecasting using machine learning on the continuous evolution of ultrasonic wave properties over multiple slow and fast stick-slip cycles. Finally, I introduce shallow slow earthquakes in the Hikurangi subduction margin in Chapter 6. I perform RSF experiments and continuous ultrasonic monitoring on input material to the plate interface obtained during an ocean drilling expedition in mid-2018 in order to better constrain the frictional and hydrologic regime facilitating shallow slow slip in this region. This dissertation provides fundamental insights into the microscopic processes that govern fault friction at the laboratory and crustal scales over a range of slip modes. I demonstrate the underlying similarities between these slip modes and provide insights into the microphysical mechanisms that could modulate fault slip behavior. Finally, I introduce time-lapse monitoring of seismic amplitudes and velocities as a viable method to probe transient fault zone processes over multiple scales.

Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309065623
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 431

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Book Description
The destructive force of earthquakes has stimulated human inquiry since ancient times, yet the scientific study of earthquakes is a surprisingly recent endeavor. Instrumental recordings of earthquakes were not made until the second half of the 19th century, and the primary mechanism for generating seismic waves was not identified until the beginning of the 20th century. From this recent start, a range of laboratory, field, and theoretical investigations have developed into a vigorous new discipline: the science of earthquakes. As a basic science, it provides a comprehensive understanding of earthquake behavior and related phenomena in the Earth and other terrestrial planets. As an applied science, it provides a knowledge base of great practical value for a global society whose infrastructure is built on the Earth's active crust. This book describes the growth and origins of earthquake science and identifies research and data collection efforts that will strengthen the scientific and social contributions of this exciting new discipline.