Information and Pricing in Road Transportation PDF Download

Author: Surabhi Gupta
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Congestion pricing
Languages : en
Pages : 40

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Author: Richard H.M. Emmerink
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3642721435
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 303

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Book Description
In recent years more emphasis has been placed in transport research on using existing roads as efficiently as possible in order to diminish the impact of traffic congestion. This book describes new theoretical, empirical and simulation models to analyse the impact of information provision to drivers and road pricing on congestion levels. It is the first publication presenting a wide variety of economic models to study information and road pricing effects jointly.

Author: Andreas Horni
Publisher: Ubiquity Press
ISBN: 190918876X
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 620

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Book Description
The MATSim (Multi-Agent Transport Simulation) software project was started around 2006 with the goal of generating traffic and congestion patterns by following individual synthetic travelers through their daily or weekly activity programme. It has since then evolved from a collection of stand-alone C++ programs to an integrated Java-based framework which is publicly hosted, open-source available, automatically regression tested. It is currently used by about 40 groups throughout the world. This book takes stock of the current status. The first part of the book gives an introduction to the most important concepts, with the intention of enabling a potential user to set up and run basic simulations. The second part of the book describes how the basic functionality can be extended, for example by adding schedule-based public transit, electric or autonomous cars, paratransit, or within-day replanning. For each extension, the text provides pointers to the additional documentation and to the code base. It is also discussed how people with appropriate Java programming skills can write their own extensions, and plug them into the MATSim core. The project has started from the basic idea that traffic is a consequence of human behavior, and thus humans and their behavior should be the starting point of all modelling, and with the intuition that when simulations with 100 million particles are possible in computational physics, then behavior-oriented simulations with 10 million travelers should be possible in travel behavior research. The initial implementations thus combined concepts from computational physics and complex adaptive systems with concepts from travel behavior research. The third part of the book looks at theoretical concepts that are able to describe important aspects of the simulation system; for example, under certain conditions the code becomes a Monte Carlo engine sampling from a discrete choice model. Another important aspect is the interpretation of the MATSim score as utility in the microeconomic sense, opening up a connection to benefit cost analysis. Finally, the book collects use cases as they have been undertaken with MATSim. All current users of MATSim were invited to submit their work, and many followed with sometimes crisp and short and sometimes longer contributions, always with pointers to additional references. We hope that the book will become an invitation to explore, to build and to extend agent-based modeling of travel behavior from the stable and well tested core of MATSim documented here.

Author: Surabhi Gupta
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : City traffic
Languages : en
Pages : 260

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Book Description
This thesis explores the traffic, land use and welfare impacts of road pricing in the Austin region, setting up of marginal cost pricing (MCP) on main roads, applying tolls to existing bridges, instituting a tolled cordon around the downtown, and introducing planned toll roads. Different toll scenarios are examined, including fixed versus variable tolling, and tolls based on time-of-day, traffic, and travel distance. Austin-calibrated DRAM-EMPAL models are used to predict the future residential and work location distribution. Land use model outputs are used in a four-step travel demand model (TDM), and the resulting travel times are fed back into the TDM as needed, in order to obtain converged results. Joint mode and time-of-day choice models and multinomial destination choice models are used. The results include traffic redistribution over time and space, location choice changes in the long term, home value changes and traveler welfare implications. In summary, the newly proposed toll roads in Austin are revenue generating and travelers' welfare improving. But, toll roads are predicted to be overall welfare losing because their costs are predicted to exceed the estimated benefits. MCP on main roads reduces the total predicted travel time on these roads, and is estimated to improve welfare for the average Austin resident anywhere in the region, once revenues are redistributed. Bridge tolls would be successful in redistributing traffic, while the downtown area appears highly sensitive to cordon tolls.

Author: Ender Faruk Morgul
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Congestion pricing
Languages : en
Pages : 141

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Book Description
Congestion pricing is defined as charging motorists during peak hours to encourage them to either switch their travel times or to use alternative routes. The theory behind road pricing suggests that, in order to reach social optimum conditions, a toll needs to be charged which is equal to the difference between social marginal costs and private average costs of users. In recent years, with the help of technological developments such as electronic toll collection system, pricing can be done dynamically, that is, tolls can be set in a real-time fashion according to the on-line measured traffic conditions. Dynamic pricing is only being used in High Occupancy Toll (HOT) lanes. However time-dependent pricing idea can be used in a network setting where drivers have to make route choices that are relatively more complex than the choices they make in the case of HOT lanes. This thesis proposes a simulation-based evaluation of dynamic congestion pricing on the crossings of New York City where many of the limited number of crossings to the island of Manhattan are tolled and function as parallel alternatives. One of the key aspects of this study is the estimation of realistic values of time (VOT) for different classes of users, namely, commuters and commercial vehicles. New York region-specific VOT for commercial vehicles is estimated using a logit model of stated preference data. Two different simulation studies are conducted. First simulation study is performed using the software TransModeler by considering the Manhattan network with a simple step-wise dynamic tolling algorithm and modeling the driver behavior by taking VOT into consideration. In the second simulation study, a tolling algorithm which is applicable to two tolled alternative crossings is developed. The algorithm includes real time toll rate calculation depending on travel times on crossings and models the driver behavior in response to toll rates and real-time measured travel time information on alternative routes. The algorithm is tested in traffic simulation software Paramics on a network including the two tunnels between New Jersey and New York City with a microscopic simulation of the traffic entering Manhattan.

Author: Zhou Zixu
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 64

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Book Description
With the increasing interest in the application of an urban road congestion pricing, a simulation of running a charging scheme in New York City could be useful for future transportation development. The scenario is charging on the inbound to the New York Center Business District (CBD). It is used to estimate the changes in traffic volume and traffic speed. By using the New York Best Practice Model (NYBPM) to set up the charging standards, a level of traffic congestion will be estimated, and it will be distributed in a certain pattern. The charging scheme is based on the concept of tolling “equity.” ...

Author: John Cavill
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 202

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Book Description

Author: Edward Chung
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1439808015
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 320

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Book Description
In recent years, the transport simulation of large road networks has become far more rapid and detailed, and many exciting developments in this field have emerged. Within this volume, the authors describe the simulation of automobile, pedestrian, and rail traffic coupled to new applications, such as the embedding of traffic simulation into driving simulators, to give a more realistic environment of driver behavior surrounding the subject vehicle. New approaches to traffic simulation are described, including the hybrid mesoscopic-microscopic model and floor-field agent-based simulation. Written by an invited panel of experts, this book addresses students, engineers, and scholars, as well as anyone who needs a state-of-the-art overview of transport simulation today.

Author: Erik Verhoef
Publisher: Edward Elgar Publishing
ISBN: 1848440251
Category : Transportation
Languages : en
Pages : 337

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Book Description
. . . the book provides ample evidence of the various and often complex issues that arise in road pricing policies. New research is presented on topics mostly neglected in the past (such as the role of firms in rod pricing, or new insights from dynamic network models). Tilmann Rave, Journal of Regional Science Transport pricing is high on the political agenda throughout the world, but as the authors illustrate, governments seeking to implement this often face challenging questions and significant barriers. The associated policy and research questions cannot always be addressed adequately from a mono-disciplinary perspective. This book shows how a multi-disciplinary approach may lead to new types of analysis and insights, contributing to a better understanding of the intricacies of transport pricing and eventually to a potentially more effective and acceptable design of such policies. The study addresses important policy and research themes such as the possible motives for introducing road transport pricing and potential conflicts between these motives, behavioural responses to transport pricing for households and firms, the modelling of transport pricing, and the acceptability of pricing. Studying road transport pricing from a multi-disciplinary perspective, this book will be of great interest to transport policymakers and advisors, transport academics and consultants and students in transport studies.

Author: C. Jensen-Butler
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3540771506
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 429

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Book Description
Economic growth and globalisation create traffic growth, leading to congestion, which again increases travel times and costs. Road pricing is an instrument that may efficiently reduce the negative impacts. This volume is a collection of research papers on the use of road pricing. The focus is on passenger transport, and the papers cover a wide range of approaches, including theoretical modelling and empirical studies of road pricing experience from different cities.