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Author: Publisher: ISBN: 9789282354865 Category : Languages : en Pages : 10
Book Description
This note seeks to provide an initial analysis of the strengths and weaknesses of the European Commission's Impact Assessment (IA) accompanying the above proposals, submitted in January 2014. A body of air pollution policy has been developed in the EU and internationally since the 1970s to address the significant environmental, health and economic impacts caused by air pollution. The main elements of the EU policy are: i) the objective in the EU's sixth environmental action programme to achieve 'levels of air quality that do not give rise to significant negative impacts on and risks to human health and the environment'; ii) the 2005 Thematic Strategy on Air Pollution setting interim objectives towards this target, and iii) the main legislative instruments consisting of the Ambient Air Quality Directives (AAQDs), the National Emission Ceilings Directive (NECD), and a range of legislation controlling pollution at source. Although this policy has led to a substantial reduction in emissions, air pollution remains the number one environmental cause of death in the EU. In 2010, it was responsible for over 400 000 premature deaths (ten times more than those caused by road traffic accidents). Total external annual costs of health impacts alone are estimated to be in the range of 330 to 940 billion euros. For ecosystems, the main outstanding problem is eutrophication, which threatens nearly three quarters of the EU's most valuable ecosystems.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: 9789282354865 Category : Languages : en Pages : 10
Book Description
This note seeks to provide an initial analysis of the strengths and weaknesses of the European Commission's Impact Assessment (IA) accompanying the above proposals, submitted in January 2014. A body of air pollution policy has been developed in the EU and internationally since the 1970s to address the significant environmental, health and economic impacts caused by air pollution. The main elements of the EU policy are: i) the objective in the EU's sixth environmental action programme to achieve 'levels of air quality that do not give rise to significant negative impacts on and risks to human health and the environment'; ii) the 2005 Thematic Strategy on Air Pollution setting interim objectives towards this target, and iii) the main legislative instruments consisting of the Ambient Air Quality Directives (AAQDs), the National Emission Ceilings Directive (NECD), and a range of legislation controlling pollution at source. Although this policy has led to a substantial reduction in emissions, air pollution remains the number one environmental cause of death in the EU. In 2010, it was responsible for over 400 000 premature deaths (ten times more than those caused by road traffic accidents). Total external annual costs of health impacts alone are estimated to be in the range of 330 to 940 billion euros. For ecosystems, the main outstanding problem is eutrophication, which threatens nearly three quarters of the EU's most valuable ecosystems.
Author: Weltgesundheitsorganisation Publisher: World Health Organization ISBN: 9240034226 Category : Nature Languages : en Pages : 300
Book Description
The main objective of these updated global guidelines is to offer health-based air quality guideline levels, expressed as long-term or short-term concentrations for six key air pollutants: PM2.5, PM10, ozone, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide and carbon monoxide. In addition, the guidelines provide interim targets to guide reduction efforts of these pollutants, as well as good practice statements for the management of certain types of PM (i.e., black carbon/elemental carbon, ultrafine particles, particles originating from sand and duststorms). These guidelines are not legally binding standards; however, they provide WHO Member States with an evidence-informed tool, which they can use to inform legislation and policy. Ultimately, the goal of these guidelines is to help reduce levels of air pollutants in order to decrease the enormous health burden resulting from the exposure to air pollution worldwide.
Author: National Academies of Sciences Engineering and Medicine Publisher: ISBN: 9780309690119 Category : Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
As part of its responsibilities under the Clean Air Act, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency sets National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) for the air pollutants carbon monoxide, lead, oxides of nitrogen, particulate matter, ozone, and sulfur dioxide. EPA uses a weight of evidence approach to evaluate evidence from scientific studies and describe the causal relationships between these criteria pollutants and any adverse impacts on human health and on public welfare - including impacts on wildlife, water, forests, agriculture, and climate. The evaluation, called an Integrated Science Assessment, is used to inform standards setting associated with the criteria pollutants. This report, produced at the request of EPA, describes EPAs and several other frameworks for inferring causality of health or welfare effects and the characteristics of evidence useful for forming a causal determination. The report concludes that EPAs causal framework is effective, reliable, and scientifically defensible, provided that key scientific questions are identified and a range of necessary expertise is engaged. More transparency in how EPA integrates evidence could improve confidence in their determinations, and more guidance is needed in the framework on how evidence should be examined for vulnerable groups (e.g., human sub-populations) and sensitive ecosystems or species.
Author: James W. S. Longhurst Publisher: Computational Mechanics ISBN: Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 318
Book Description
This book evaluates and reviews the development and application of the air quality management process from a European, North American and Australian perspective. The contemporary approaches and experiences described provide a critical assessment of practice as well as important pointers to the future development of air quality management regimes.
Author: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Publisher: BiblioGov ISBN: 9781295022267 Category : Languages : en Pages : 336
Book Description
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) was introduced on December 2, 1970 by President Richard Nixon. The agency is charged with protecting human health and the environment, by writing and enforcing regulations based on laws passed by Congress. The EPA's struggle to protect health and the environment is seen through each of its official publications. These publications outline new policies, detail problems with enforcing laws, document the need for new legislation, and describe new tactics to use to solve these issues. This collection of publications ranges from historic documents to reports released in the new millennium, and features works like: Bicycle for a Better Environment, Health Effects of Increasing Sulfur Oxides Emissions Draft, and Women and Environmental Health.
Author: World Health Organization Publisher: World Health Organization ISBN: 9241548878 Category : History Languages : en Pages : 178
Book Description
Built on existing WHO indoor air quality guidelines for specific pollutants, these guidelines bring together the most recent evidence on fuel use, emission and exposure levels, health risks, intervention impacts and policy considerations, to provide practical recommendations to reduce this health burden.
Author: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Publisher: BiblioGov ISBN: 9781294020653 Category : Languages : en Pages : 102
Book Description
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) was introduced on December 2, 1970 by President Richard Nixon. The agency is charged with protecting human health and the environment, by writing and enforcing regulations based on laws passed by Congress. The EPA's struggle to protect health and the environment is seen through each of its official publications. These publications outline new policies, detail problems with enforcing laws, document the need for new legislation, and describe new tactics to use to solve these issues. This collection of publications ranges from historic documents to reports released in the new millennium, and features works like: Bicycle for a Better Environment, Health Effects of Increasing Sulfur Oxides Emissions Draft, and Women and Environmental Health.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Air Languages : en Pages : 458
Book Description
Policy assessment prepared by the staff of the EPA's Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards in conjunction with the Agency's ongoing review of the national ambient air quality standards for particulate matter, which include primary (health-based) and secondary (welfare-based) standards. It presents staff conclusions regarding the current adequacy of the current suite of particulate matter standards as well as potential alternative standards for consideration in this review.
Author: Ernesto Sánchez-Triana Publisher: World Bank Publications ISBN: 1464802351 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 207
Book Description
The harm to Pakistanis’ health, economy, and environment from urban air pollution is among the highest in South Asia, exceeding several high-profile causes of mortality and morbidity in Pakistan. This report details a broad spectrum of research on Pakistan’s air quality management challenges and presents concrete steps to achieve improvements.
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Author: Weltgesundheitsorganisation
Author: National Academies of Sciences Engineering and Medicine
Author: James W. S. Longhurst
Author: Chan Yang
Author: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Author: World Health Organization
Author: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Author: 
Author: Ernesto Sánchez-Triana