Revealing the Small Scale Structure of Dark Matter with Gravitational Lensing PDF Download

Author: Warren Richard Morningstar
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :

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Book Description
The standard model for dark matter, the Cold Dark Matter model, which accurately predicts the formation and evolution of large scale structure in the universe, appears to be in disagreement with observations of structure on much smaller scales. It is, as of yet, unclear if this is due to astrophysical processes causing a reduction in the efficiency of star formation in low mass galaxies, or due to the suppression of low mass structure formation altogether caused by exciting new dark matter microphysics. Gravitational lensing offers a unique and luminosity-independent means of distinguishing between these possibilities. In this work, I present tools to simulate realistic ALMA observations of strong gravitational lenses, and to model the small scale distribution of dark matter using interferometric observations of strong lenses. We applied this technique to observations of the gravitational lens SDP 81, and identified a low mass perturbing object, and placed new constraints on the abundance of low mass dark matter halos. I also present several techniques to automate the inference of the smooth distribution of matter in these objects, which allow inference to proceed 1.6 billion times faster, and which strongly reduce the need for human supervision of the modeling process. With these techniques in hand, we are poised to extract important information about the elusive dark matter.

Author: Sabino Matarrese
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9048186854
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 413

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Book Description
This book brings together reviews from leading international authorities on the developments in the study of dark matter and dark energy, as seen from both their cosmological and particle physics side. Studying the physical and astrophysical properties of the dark components of our Universe is a crucial step towards the ultimate goal of unveiling their nature. The work developed from a doctoral school sponsored by the Italian Society of General Relativity and Gravitation. The book starts with a concise introduction to the standard cosmological model, as well as with a presentation of the theory of linear perturbations around a homogeneous and isotropic background. It covers the particle physics and cosmological aspects of dark matter and (dynamical) dark energy, including a discussion of how modified theories of gravity could provide a possible candidate for dark energy. A detailed presentation is also given of the possible ways of testing the theory in terms of cosmic microwave background, galaxy redshift surveys and weak gravitational lensing observations. Included is a chapter reviewing extensively the direct and indirect methods of detection of the hypothetical dark matter particles. Also included is a self-contained introduction to the techniques and most important results of numerical (e.g. N-body) simulations in cosmology. " This volume will be useful to researchers, PhD and graduate students in Astrophysics, Cosmology Physics and Mathematics, who are interested in cosmology, dark matter and dark energy.

Author: Ethan Siegel
Publisher: Voyageur Press
ISBN: 0760361754
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 219

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Book Description
Be amazed by 25 iconic pieces of tech from the Star Trek canon and the science behind how they function with Treknology. You will not believe how close we are to achieving some of them today. The name Star Trek conjures images of faster-than-light spacecraft, holographic crew members, and phasers set to stun. Some of these incredible devices may still be far from our reach, but others have made the leap from science fiction to science fact—and now you can learn the science and engineering of what makes them tick. Treknology looks at over twenty-five iconic inventions from the complete history of the Star Trek television and film universe. Author Ethan Siegel explores and profiles these dazzling technologies and their role Star Trek, the science behind how they work, and how close we are to achieving them in the real world today. This stunning collection is packed with 150 superbfilm and television stills, prop photography, and scientific diagrams to pull you into another world. Brace yourself for a detailed look at the inner workings of Star Trek’s computing capabilities, communications equipment, medical devices, and awe-inspiring ships. Treknology is one that no fan of Star Trek, or future tech, will want to miss.

Author: Dan Hill
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 186

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Book Description
Strategic design is about applying the principles of traditional design to "big picture" systemic challenges such as healthcare, education and the environment. It redefines how problems are approached and aims to deliver more resilient solutions. In this short book, Dan Hill outlines a new vocabulary of design, one that needs to be smuggled into the upper echelons of power. He asserts that, increasingly, effective design means engaging with the messy politics - the "dark matter" - taking place above the designer's head. And that may mean redesigning the organisation that hires you.

Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309101948
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 176

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Book Description
As part of the Physics 2010 decadal survey project, the National Research Council was asked by the Department of Energy and the National Science Foundation to recommend priorities for the U.S. particle physics program for the next 15 years. The challenge faced in this study was to identify a compelling leadership role for the United States in elementary particle physics given the global nature of the field and the current lack of a long-term and distinguishing strategic focus. Revealing the Hidden Nature of Space and Time provides an assessment of the scientific challenges in particle physics, including the key questions and experimental opportunities, the current status of the U.S. program and the strategic framework in which it sits and a set of strategic principles and recommendations to sustain a competitive and globally relevant U.S. particle physics program.

Author: Ethan Oliver Nadler
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :

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This thesis addresses the intersection of dark matter and galaxy formation physics by modeling the faintest galaxies in the Universe in a cosmological context. In the first part of this work, I present an empirical model for the connection between faint galaxies and small dark matter halos. Combining this model with tailored cosmological simulations of Milky Way analogs and state-of-the-art satellite galaxy observations yields new insights into dwarf galaxy formation and hierarchical structure formation. Next, I show that these same dwarf galaxy observations place stringent constraints on microphysical dark matter properties including its warmth, self-interactions, Standard Model interactions, minimum particle mass, and formation epoch. Finally, I describe a unified framework that combines dark matter constraints from dwarf galaxies and strong gravitational lensing, paving the way for next-generation surveys of small-scale cosmic structure to deliver unprecedented insights into dark matter physics.

Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 030917113X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 222

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Book Description
Advances made by physicists in understanding matter, space, and time and by astronomers in understanding the universe as a whole have closely intertwined the question being asked about the universe at its two extremesâ€"the very large and the very small. This report identifies 11 key questions that have a good chance to be answered in the next decade. It urges that a new research strategy be created that brings to bear the techniques of both astronomy and sub-atomic physics in a cross-disciplinary way to address these questions. The report presents seven recommendations to facilitate the necessary research and development coordination. These recommendations identify key priorities for future scientific projects critical for realizing these scientific opportunities.

Author: Hans Volker Klapdor-Kleingrothaus
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9783540442578
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 698

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Book Description
The search for Dark Matter in the Universe has established itself as one of the most exciting and central fields of astrophysics, particle physics, and cosmology.

Author: Sebastian Matthias Wagner-Carena
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0

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Book Description
For decades, modern cosmology has held that the majority of the matter in our Universe is cold, collisionless dark matter (CDM). Many of our dark matter theories impose scales at which the CDM paradigm breaks down, mainly by changing the distribution of collapsed structures (halos) at low masses. An investigative priority of modern astrophysics has been searching for these violations of CDM predictions. Probing dark matter at these scales is challenging; dark matter halos are traditionally traced by the galaxies they host, but at low masses, we do not fully understand the connection between halos and galaxies. However, strong gravitational lenses are sensitive to low-mass halos even if they host no galaxies. In this thesis, I develop the statistical tools that allow us to use strong lenses to measure the small-scale, dark matter structure underlying our Universe. I present work that leverages neural networks to produce posterior distributions for the parameters underlying strong gravitational lensing images. This work includes the development of a hierarchical inference framework that corrects for the implicit prior encoded into the network by the training distribution. After showing that we can use the technique to constrain the population statistics of lenses without low-mass halos, I present work that extends the methodology to measurements of the subhalo mass function (SHMF). With the aid of new simulation tools, the results demonstrate that we can reliably infer the SHMF across disparate configurations of hundreds of lenses. I then discuss the improvements that can be made as the methodology is extended to the data. I conclude by outlining the physics that can be measured with this new set of tools. I argue that the advances in this thesis serve as a foundation for turning strong gravitational lenses into a sensitive probe of dark matter physics.

Author: Dan Sharpe
Publisher: Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
ISBN: 9781542435512
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 26

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Book Description
A unifying theory that covers dark matter, dark energy, gravity, space and negative energy by means of observation, citation, and deduction, revealing a fundamental definition for both space and gravity, support of dark energy theory, explanation of dark matter, revealing additional structure and properties of baryonic atoms, and revising estimates of the longevity of the universe. Other matters discussed are aerospace, anti-gravity, artificial gravity, gravitational waves, wormholes, cold fusion, cold fission, health and wellbeing, and the earth's atmosphere and global warming. The Grand Unification of Dark Matters theory is almost a certainty at this point, but will require validation and spark significant research and advancements in the areas of physics, space, cosmology, energy, health and various applied sciences. Expand your knowledge and perception of the universe, with this exciting new theory based on 3,700 years of written history, and who knows how long mankind has recognized this raw energy of the universe as being essential to your life, health and wellbeing.