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Author: Louise Cummings Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 9048195047 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 248
Book Description
In 1986, the emergence of a novel brain disease in British cattle presented a unique challenge to scientists. How that challenge was addressed has been the subject of a public inquiry and numerous academic studies conducted to date. However, none of these investigations has sought to examine the reasoning of scientists during this critical period in the public health of the UK. Using concepts and techniques in informal logic, argumentation and fallacy theory, this study reconstructs and evaluates the reasoning of scientists in the ten-year period between 1986 and 1996. Specifically, a form of presumptive reasoning is described in which extensive use is made of arguments traditionally identified as informal fallacies. In the context of the adverse epistemic conditions that confronted scientists during the BSE epidemic, these arguments were anything but fallacious, serving instead to confer a number of epistemic gains upon scientific inquiry. This book argues for a closer integration of philosophy with public health science, an integration that is exemplified by the case of scientific reasoning during the BSE affair. It will therefore be of interest to advanced students, academics, researchers and professionals in the areas of public health science and epidemiology, as well as philosophical disciplines such as informal logic, argumentation and fallacy theory and epistemology.
Author: Louise Cummings Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 9048195047 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 248
Book Description
In 1986, the emergence of a novel brain disease in British cattle presented a unique challenge to scientists. How that challenge was addressed has been the subject of a public inquiry and numerous academic studies conducted to date. However, none of these investigations has sought to examine the reasoning of scientists during this critical period in the public health of the UK. Using concepts and techniques in informal logic, argumentation and fallacy theory, this study reconstructs and evaluates the reasoning of scientists in the ten-year period between 1986 and 1996. Specifically, a form of presumptive reasoning is described in which extensive use is made of arguments traditionally identified as informal fallacies. In the context of the adverse epistemic conditions that confronted scientists during the BSE epidemic, these arguments were anything but fallacious, serving instead to confer a number of epistemic gains upon scientific inquiry. This book argues for a closer integration of philosophy with public health science, an integration that is exemplified by the case of scientific reasoning during the BSE affair. It will therefore be of interest to advanced students, academics, researchers and professionals in the areas of public health science and epidemiology, as well as philosophical disciplines such as informal logic, argumentation and fallacy theory and epistemology.
Author: Julian Morris Publisher: Elsevier ISBN: 0080516238 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 317
Book Description
Rethinking Risk and the Precautionary Principle challenges the claim that the precautionary principle is an appropriate guide to public policy decision-making in the face of uncertainty. The precautionary principle is frequently invoked as a justification for regulating human activities. From bans on the use of growth hormones in cattle to restrictions on children's playground activities, precautionary thinking seems to be taking over our lives. As the contributors to this book show, such an approach is of dubious utility and may even be counterproductive. This is a timely and important contribution to the debate on how to manage risk in the modern world. The editor, Julian Morris, is Director of the Environment and Technology Programme at the Institute of Economic Affairs in London. He has written widely on issues relating to environmental protection and technological development. - Up to date discussion of current issues and scientific controversies - Challenges the claim that the 'precautionary principle' is an appropriate guide to public policy decisions
Author: Mark Aspinwall Publisher: Manchester University Press ISBN: 9780719069666 Category : European Union countries Languages : en Pages : 232
Book Description
This title is a re-examination of British policy towards the European Union including a fresh consideration of how change to a proportional representation electoral system might alter British preferences on Europe. It offers a wealth of primary data on economic and social acitivity with fellow EU members.
Author: Grant, Wyn P. Publisher: Edward Elgar Publishing ISBN: 1800881215 Category : Social Science Languages : en Pages : 192
Book Description
This visionary book takes stock of the urgent challenges facing food chains globally and provides a critical evaluation of radical new thinking and perspectives on agricultural and food policy. Wyn Grant investigates the principal drivers of change in food and agriculture, including globalization, climate change, the structure of the industry, changing patterns of consumer demand and new technologies.
Author: Kerstin Schwabe Publisher: John Benjamins Publishing ISBN: 9789027227843 Category : Language Arts & Disciplines Languages : en Pages : 418
Book Description
The Interfaces: Deriving and Interpreting Omitted Structures is a collection of never-before-published papers that explore the nature of the interfaces of syntax with semantics, phonology, and discourse. The papers investigate the various ways in which elliptical structures are related to these interfaces. As such, they not only make a valuable contribution to generative linguistic research but, more generally, help to deepen our understanding of the relation between form and meaning in natural language. In the book's introductory chapter, the editors address general issues related to current work on ellipsis and the syntax/semantics, syntax/phonology and syntax/discourse interfaces. The rest of the book is organized into three parts. The first examines PF-deletion accounts of elliptical structures; the second investigates these structures from the perspective of the syntax/semantic interface; and the third explores these from a perspective that concentrates on the relation between semantics and focus and discourse structure. Together the papers collected in this volume offer a convincing demonstration of the value of collaborative research on the 'interfaces'.
Author: Celia Hoyles Publisher: Routledge ISBN: 1135701067 Category : Education Languages : en Pages : 274
Book Description
At a time when political interest in mathematics education is at its highest, this book demonstrates that the issues are far from straightforward. A wide range of international contributors address such questions as: What is mathematics, and what is it for? What skills does mathematics education need to provide as technology advances? What are the implications for teacher education? What can we learn from past attempts to change the mathematics curriculum? Rethinking the Mathematics Curriculum offers stimulating discussions, showing much is to be learnt from the differences in culture, national expectations, and political restraints revealed in the book. This accessible book will be of particular interest to policy makers, curriculum developers, educators, researchers and employers as well as the general reader.
Author: Mohammad Ali Salmani Nodoushan Publisher: Lulu.com ISBN: 1387122266 Category : Education Languages : en Pages : 157
Book Description
PAPERS : Public health reasoning: The contribution of pragmatics (Louise CUMMINGS, pp. 1-18); Indirectly reporting grammatical, lexical and morphological errors (Alessandro CAPONE, pp. 19-36); Exploring attitude and test-driven motivation towards English at Chinese universities (Junping HOU, Hanneke LOERTS & Marjolijn H. VERSPOOR, pp. 37-60); Toward a taxonomy of errors in Iranian EFL learners' basic-level writing (Mohammad Ali SALMANI NODOUSHAN, pp. 61-78); A structural move analysis of research article introduction sub-genre: A comparative study of native and Iranian writers in applied linguistics (Arezou PASHAPOUR, Farid GHAEMI & Mohammad HASHAMDAR, pp. 79-106); Teaching English pronunciation beyond intelligibility (Frans HERMANS & Peter SLOEP, pp. 107-124); Complexity and likely influence of teachers' and learners' beliefs about speaking practice: Effects on and implications for communicative approaches (Edgar Emmanuell GARCÍA-PONCE, Troy CRAWFORD, M. Martha LENGELING & Irasema MORA-PABLO, pp. 125-146)
Author: Louise Cummings Publisher: Springer ISBN: 3319150138 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 252
Book Description
This book argues that in order to be truly effective, public health must embrace a group of reasoning strategies that have traditionally been characterized as informal fallacies. It will be demonstrated that these strategies can facilitate judgements about complex public health issues in contexts of uncertainty. The book explains how scientists and lay people routinely resort to the use of these strategies during consideration of public health problems. Although these strategies are not deductively valid, they are nevertheless rationally warranted procedures. Public health professionals must have a sound understanding of these cognitive strategies in order to engage the public and achieve their public health goals. The book draws upon public health issues as wide ranging as infectious diseases, food safety and the potential impact on human health of new technologies. It examines reasoning in the context of these issues within a large-scale, questionnaire-based survey of nearly 900 members of the public in the UK. In addition, several philosophical themes run throughout the book, including the nature of uncertainty, scientific knowledge and inquiry. The complexity of many public health problems demands an approach to reasoning that cannot be accommodated satisfactorily within a general thinking skills framework. This book shows that by developing an awareness of these reasoning strategies, scientists and members of the public can have a more productive engagement with public health problems.
Author: Louise Cummings Publisher: Springer Nature ISBN: 3030285138 Category : Language Arts & Disciplines Languages : en Pages : 303
Book Description
This textbook examines the ways in which arguments may be used and abused in medicine and health. The central claim is that a group of arguments known as the informal fallacies – including slippery slope arguments, fear appeal, and the argument from ignorance – undertake considerable work in medical and health contexts, and that they can in fact be rationally warranted ways of understanding complex topics, contrary to the views of many earlier philosophers and logicians. Modern medicine and healthcare require lay people to engage with increasingly complex decisions in areas such as immunization, lifestyle and dietary choices, and health screening. Many of the so-called fallacies of reasoning can also be viewed as cognitive heuristics or short-cuts which help individuals make decisions in these contexts. Using features such as learning objectives, case studies and end-of-unit questions, this textbook examines topical issues and debates in all areas of medicine and health, including antibiotic use and resistance, genetic engineering, euthanasia, addiction to prescription opioids, and the legalization of cannabis. It will be useful to students of critical thinking, reasoning, logic, argumentation, rhetoric, communication, health humanities, philosophy and linguistics.
Author: Ioanne K. Lekea Publisher: Bloomsbury Publishing USA ISBN: Category : Political Science Languages : en Pages : 219
Book Description
This book uses a cross-disciplinary approach to examine the creation, development, ideology, and practice of the Marxist terrorist group 17N. Were the members of 17N individuals with high moral principles, as they claimed, who did their best to protect the civilians who happened to be within their field of operations? Or were they simply violent guerillas who prioritized successful assassinations of their targets at any cost? The textual analysis of this book addresses these questions and studies 17N from inception to the time when its members were arrested, providing a uniquely thorough examination of the organization manifestos and its correlation to the group's ideology and actual practices. 17N's Philosophy of Terror: An Analysis of the 17 November Revolutionary Organization first outlines the political and ideological framework of 17? and then describes their terrorist strategy and tactics. The authors consider these operations in the context of the manifestos that followed the terrorist acts, and conclude the work by addressing the events following the apprehension of 17N membersthe trial, the verdicts, the appeal trial, and the conclusion of appeal trial.
Author: Louise Cummings
Author: Louise Cummings
Author: Julian Morris
Author: Mark Aspinwall
Author: Grant, Wyn P.
Author: Kerstin Schwabe
Author: Celia Hoyles
Author: Mohammad Ali Salmani Nodoushan
Author: Louise Cummings
Author: Louise Cummings
Author: Ioanne K. Lekea