Recent Trends in Transfer Pricing PDF Download

Author: Ravi Kant Gupta
Publisher:
ISBN: 9789386432353
Category : Transfer pricing
Languages : en
Pages : 504

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Author: Michael Lang
Publisher: Linde Verlag GmbH
ISBN: 370941010X
Category : Law
Languages : en
Pages : 176

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Book Description
Transfer pricing treatment of intangibles: Issues und developments In recent decades, intangibles have become one of the most relevant success factors for Multinational Enterprises (MNEs). Along with the increasing importance of intangibles for economies, their tax treatment has also been under scrutiny which includes inter alia respective transfer pricing issues. MNEs are seeking for the best ways to optimize their business arrangements with the related intangibles while, at the same time, getting the most tax-efficient treatment. On the other hand, tax authorities have become increasingly concerned with the ease that intangibles can be used in aggressive planning. These concerns have been noticed and addressed by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development which presented its main findings with respect to transfer pricing aspects of intangibles in Action 8 of the BEPS Project in 2015 and in the 2017 OECD Transfer Pricing Guidelines. This book is based on the outcomes of the presentations and discussions held during the WU Transfer Pricing Symposium, ‘Transfer Pricing and Intangibles: Current Developments, Relevant Issues and Possible Solutions’, that took place in October 2018 at the WU Vienna University of Economics and Business. The publication discusses the most important issues and recent developments related to transfer pricing treatment of intangibles. Starting with the definition of intangibles, it further deals with topics such as appropriate attribution of intangible-related profits, structuring of intangibles in MNEs, and proper valuation of intangibles. The authors, apart from providing a theoretical background to the discussed issues, also present case studies that show how certain issues can be approached in practice. Every chapter ends with a summary of the discussions held during the panels of the Transfer Pricing Symposium in which representatives of tax administrations, multinationals, and tax advisories presented their opinions on the issues at stake.

Author: Ravikant Gupta
Publisher: Bloomsbury Publishing
ISBN: 938614171X
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 532

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Book Description
About the book The growing importance of the intangible assets in the global economy coupled with expanding international intra-firm trade, has meant that transfer pricing issues concerning intangibles have assumed critical importance for both the Multi National Enterprises as well as Tax authorities. The identification, accounting & valuation of intangibles is a challenging and evolving field. This volume details the various such issues and concerns from both industry and revenue perspective. Further, the contemporary issues of digital economy, tax planning, BEPS, GAAR have also been extensively dealt with. Key features · Explains in detail the meaning of various types of intangibles as defined in Income Tax Act. · Discusses the various possible methodologies for valuing the intangibles including the typical and residual methods · Accounts for all the relevant changes suggested by the OECD in the BEPS Action Point 8-10 report regarding intangibles · Valuation of Highly Uncertain as well Hard-to-Value Intangibles · Relevant Features of and taxation challenges posed by Digital economy · Various possible techniques of Tax Planning adopted by the Multi-national Enterprises · All the BEPS Action Point Reports along with recommendations as adopted globally as well as in India including Thin Capitalisation, PoEM, Equalisation Levy, amended DTAAs with Mauritius, Cyprus & Singapore {Updated upto Finance Bill, 2017 (India)} · Transfer Pricing Aspects of CCAs, Intra-group Services & Business Restructuring including issue of indirect transfers · Discussion on General Anti Avoidance Rules, to be implemented in India from 01/04/2017 · Famous and important global and Indian case laws with regard to intangibles · Detailed discussion on issue of AMP expenses & marketing intangibles

Author: Michelle Markham
Publisher: Kluwer Law International B.V.
ISBN: 9041123687
Category : Law
Languages : en
Pages : 360

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Book Description
Transactions involving intellectual property play an increasingly significant role in economic activity at every level from global to local, with particular challenges for taxation and revenue authorities. Moreover, the manifold complexities associated with identifying, valuing and transferring intangibles make this an issue requiring a creative review of existing transfer pricing methodologies and techniques. In this ground-breaking new study, Michelle Markham offers an in-depth examination of attitudes at the forefront of this rapidly evolving area of taxation law, focusing her work on a comparative analysis of the US, OECD, and Australian perspectives on the transfer pricing of intangible assets. The Transfer Pricing of Intangibles not only highlights the current problems encountered in inter-affiliate transactions of intangible property, but also attempts to offer a variety of solutions to these problems. Among the issues explored are the following: how the tax treatment of intangible in the context of transfer pricing has become a major international tax concern;definitional issues which are vital to an understanding of transfer pricing;application of the arm's length principle to intangible asset transactions;determination of legal and economic ownership of group intangible assets;intangible asset valuation and transfer;transfer pricing methodologies;global formulary apportionment;transfer pricing documentation requirements;penalties for non-compliance;resolution of transfer pricing disputes; and,advance pricing agreements Revenue authorities, multinational enterprise executives, and tax practitioners around the world will greatly appreciate the recommendations and solutions proposed in this knowledgeable and thoughtful book. Its acute sense of the opportunities and pitfalls of an ever-more-complex area of economic activity place it in a category of its own, of inestimable benefit to interested parties.

Author: Ashutosh Mohan Rastogi
Publisher: Taxmann Publications Private Limited
ISBN: 9357783504
Category : Law
Languages : en
Pages : 24

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Book Description
This book offers a comprehensive and practical guide to understanding the intricate transfer pricing implications stemming from the Base Erosion and Profit Shifting (BEPS) project within the Indian context. This work culminates two years of extensive research and analysis by a team of transfer pricing experts. The book covers a wide range of topics, starting with an overview of the BEPS project and its objectives. It also includes an analysis of international rulings on BEPS, examining landmark cases and their implications for the transfer pricing landscape. This comprehensive guide is invaluable for tax practitioners, professionals, academics, and business leaders aiming to understand the impact of BEPS recommendations on transfer pricing in India. It facilitates informed discussions on this critical area of taxation and its implications for businesses operating in India. The Present Publication is the Latest Edition, authored by Ashutosh Mohan Rastogi, with the following noteworthy features: • [Realignment of Transfer Pricing Norms] The book explains why BEPS realigned 'Transfer Pricing' norms, illustrated through case studies of Google, Starbucks, and Apple, highlighting their implications on BEPS • [Understanding and Application of BEPS Action Plans] BEPS Action plans have transformed how Transfer Pricing concepts are understood and applied, shifting focus from titles and contracts to functions and risks. This book helps readers understand these nuances in the post-BEPS era • [BEPS Insights on Indian Law] Each chapter provides BEPS insights on Indian Law, discussing BEPS Action plans with reference to Indian Regulations, Circulars, and Case Law and explaining the relevance and implications of BEPS Action points in the Indian context • [Planning for Intangibles in the Post-BEPS World] The book decodes how to attribute profits to intangibles in the BEPS era, explains 'Development, Enhancement, Maintenance, Protection and Exploitation' (DEMPE) functions, and assesses the relevance of holding companies in low-tax havens today • [Economic Ownership] Readers will learn about the importance of Economic Ownership and how it is determined, exploring how Indian law attributes intangible returns based on legal or economic ownership • [Substance in Transfer Pricing] The book discusses the role of substance in Transfer Pricing, exploring whether Transfer Pricing officers can look beyond agreements to uncover reality and the role of significant people functions • [Benchmarking for Financial Transactions] It provides insights on benchmarking for financial transactions such as inter-company loans and guarantees, highlighting the importance of credit rating in financial transaction analysis and how to compute a credit rating • [Location Savings] The book explains where location savings should be taxed and whether profit split is the correct methodology for taxing location savings • [Defending Management Charges] It guides Multinational Enterprises (MNEs) on defending management charges, the availability of Safe Harbour for Management Charges in India, and the shortcomings of the safe harbour • [Cost Contribution Agreements] Readers will understand what cost contribution agreements are and how they differ from intra-group service agreements • [International Rulings on BEPS] The book summarizes leading international rulings on BEPS with illustrations, helping readers understand their implications and how tax litigators can apply them in the Indian context • [Three-Tier Documentation with FAQs] From the evolution and objectives behind the three-tier approach to the requirements suggested by the OECD and their adoption into Indian legislation, the book covers it all. It includes various prescribed templates and answers to general and transaction/issue-specific FAQs addressed by the OECD in the BEPS Action Plan 13 report The detailed contents of the book are as follows: • [Introduction] o This chapter provides an overview of the BEPS project and its objectives, including case studies of companies like Starbucks, Google, and Apple, illustrating the necessity for the BEPS initiative • [BEPS Implications on Transfer Pricing] o This chapter provides an in-depth examination of BEPS implications on transfer pricing, focusing on fundamental changes proposed by the OECD and their potential impact on MNEs in India. It analyses concepts such as economic substance, substance over form, and profit shifting to low-tax jurisdictions • [DEMPE Analysis] o This chapter provides a detailed discussion of the DEMPE (Development, Enhancement, Maintenance, Protection, and Exploitation) functions, highlighting the complexities of attributing profits to intangible assets and the Indian tax authorities approach to these challenges • [BEPS Guidance on 'Substance over Form'] o This chapter discusses the principle of prioritizing economic substance over contractual form, emphasizing the importance of actual business activities and behaviours in determining transfer pricing as per BEPS guidelines • [Low-Value Intra-Group Services] o This chapter examines BEPS guidelines for low value-adding intra-group services, providing simplified approaches for determining arm's length charges and outlining documentation requirements for these services • [Financial Transactions] o This chapter analyses the intricacies of transfer pricing for financial transactions. This chapter covers treasury functions, credit risk assessment, inter-company loans, and guarantees, with an emphasis on compliance with the arm's length principle • [Cost Contribution Arrangements] o This chapter explores the concept of cost contribution arrangements (CCAs) under BEPS, discussing how MNEs share the costs and benefits of joint development activities and the implications for transfer pricing • [Location Savings] o This chapter provides an analysis of location savings and location-specific advantages, offering guidance on how these factors should be incorporated into transfer pricing strategies, particularly in the Indian context • [Three-Tier Documentation] o This chapter provides a review of the BEPS-recommended three-tier documentation approach, including the master file, local file, and country-by-country report, and a discussion on how these documentation requirements are implemented in India • [Dispute Resolution Mechanism] o This chapter discusses the mechanisms for resolving transfer pricing disputes, including the mutual agreement procedure (MAP) and India's Advance Pricing Agreement (APA) program. It provides practical insights into navigating disputes under the new BEPS regime • [International Transfer Pricing Rulings on BEPS] o This chapter summarises significant international transfer pricing rulings related to BEPS, offering key takeaways and their implications for the Indian transfer pricing landscape • [Conclusion] o This chapter concludes by synthesizing the key insights and practical guidance provided in each chapter, reinforcing the importance of understanding and applying BEPS principles to transfer pricing in India

Author: Michael Lang
Publisher: Eucotax Series on European Tax
ISBN: 9789041167101
Category : Law
Languages : en
Pages : 214

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EUCOTAX Series on European Taxation Volume 50 The OECD's Base Erosion and Profit Shifting (BEPS) project promises to make effective inroads into the much criticized corporate tax strategy known as aggressive transfer pricing, whereby the profitability of subsidiaries in different jurisdictions is "managed" via mispricing with the intent of minimizing the corporation's overall tax burden. Although the OECD BEPS project is an ongoing endeavor, its accomplishments to date and developing trends are discernible. This book, including contributions by outstanding and renowned transfer pricing experts both from practice and academia, analyses these trends, and proposes reforms which would ensure that transfer pricing outcomes are better aligned with economic activities and value creation, which achieves a more equitable distribution of profits among different countries. Each chapter is dedicated to specific sections of the OECD's BEPS Action Plan. Among the topics and issues covered are the following: arm's length principle and its ongoing development; allocation of risk and recharacterization; intangibles (both license model and cost contribution arrangements); interest deductions and intra-group financing; low value-adding services; commissionaire arrangements and low-risk distributors; attribution of profits to permanent establishments; documentation requirements (including Country-by-Country Reporting). Within these topics, measures to identify the commercial and financial relationships inside multinational enterprises, to accurately delineate actual transactions, as well as guidance on defining risk and its allocation among entities of a multinational enterprise are discussed. The book is based on papers presented and discussed at the first Global Transfer Pricing Conference hosted in February 2016 by the WU Transfer Pricing Center at the Institute for Austrian and International Tax Law at WU (Vienna University of Economics and Business). The most up-to-date and thorough consideration of transfer pricing yet published, this book will prove invaluable for all parties currently facing questions related to transfer pricing in a post-BEPS world, especially those in charge of finding an ideal answer to them: academics, practitioners (including in-house and advisory counsel), international organizations, CEOs and CFOs of multinational enterprises, and government officials who are tax and transfer pricing experts.

Author: Shu-Chien Chen
Publisher: Kluwer Law International B.V.
ISBN: 9403532963
Category : Law
Languages : en
Pages : 471

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Book Description
International tax regimes and practices are heavily criticized for failing to fairly levy corporate tax on giant multinational taxpayers in the current globalized and digitalized world. This important and far-seeing book demonstrates how formulary apportionment (FA) – an approach by which a multinational corporation pays each jurisdiction’s corporate tax based on the share of its worldwide income allocated to that jurisdiction – can achieve the much-sought goal of aligning value creation and taxation. The author, through an intensive analysis of the European Union’s (EU’s) Common Consolidated Corporate Tax Base (CCCTB) Directive Proposal(s) and comparison to the United States (US’s) formulary apportionment experience, shows how the perceived problems with an FA system can be overcome and lays out the necessary elements for its feasibility. With detailed attention to the debates around formulary apportionment and its theoretical foundations, the book provides a blueprint for rebuilding the normative framework for the EU’s tax reform by clearly analysing the implications of the following and more: theorising public benefits to be represented by taxation; reorganising different economic theories about tax neutrality and tax justice; advancing the comparative legal research methodology to analyse law reform by combining the functional approach and the problem-solving approach; designing the logical formulary apportionment system for digital economy; ensuring the removal of the incentive for multinationals to shift reported income to low-tax locations; reducing the tax system’s complexity and the administrative burden it imposes on firms; eliminating transfer pricing complexity for intra-firm transactions; achieving equal weighting of the sales factor, the labour factor, and the asset factor in the formula; application of ‘destination-based’ rule for attributing the sales factor; and replacing the traditional permanent establishment nexus with a ‘factor presence nexus’. The presentation incorporates extensive comparison between the EU’s formulary apportionment tax reform option and FA systems existing in the United States (US) at state level, including reference to relevant US case law and legislation. As a possible option to address the problem of base erosion and profit shifting (BEPS), formulary apportionment is gaining increasing acceptance and attention. This book will prove invaluable to taxation authorities, tax practitioners, and scholars in its deeply informed and systematic guidance on good practices and prevention of problematic experiences in establishing and implementing an effective and market-neutral FA system.

Author: Michael Lang
Publisher:
ISBN: 9789087223588
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 840

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General anti-avoidance rules (GAARs) have been a topic of great relevance in practice as well as in academia for decades. In a post-BEPS tax world, with national legislators introducing or tightening GAARs, and with the European Union and OECD suggesting implementation of such rules, the topic seems more important than ever. The aim of this book is to give tax policymakers, tax authorities, tax courts and tax practitioners an idea of the various understandings of and approaches towards tax avoidance in 39 countries.

Author: Ana Paula Dourado
Publisher:
ISBN: 9789087224226
Category : International business enterprises
Languages : en
Pages : 832

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Book Description
Présentation de l'éditeur : "This book discusses the legal meaning of tax avoidance and aggressive tax planning in 23 EU and non-EU jurisdictions and analyses the repercussions of the BEPS initiatives on those concepts. It further discusses (i) whether there is a supranational meaning of tax avoidance and aggressive tax planning, both at the OECD/G20 and EU levels; (ii) the role played by transfer pricing rules in tax avoidance; and (iii) consistency and hierarchy among the BEPS initiatives. National reports examine the response to tax avoidance and aggressive tax planning in individual jurisdictions, taking into account the OECD/G20 BEPS recommendations and the European Union's reactions. They also give notice of general anti-avoidance rules, special anti-avoidance rules and transfer pricing rules in force in each jurisdiction, analyse their meaning and scope, and trace the interactions among them. The national reports are accompanied by a general report, along with four thematic reports covering the main topics discussed during the 2016 EATLP Congress, held in Munich."

Author: Sebastian Beer
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
ISBN: 148436399X
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 45

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Book Description
This paper reviews the rapidly growing empirical literature on international tax avoidance by multinational corporations. It surveys evidence on main channels of corporate tax avoidance including transfer mispricing, international debt shifting, treaty shopping, tax deferral and corporate inversions. Moreover, it performs a meta analysis of the extensive literature that estimates the overall size of profit shifting. We find that the literature suggests that, on average, a 1 percentage-point lower corporate tax rate will expand before-tax income by 1 percent—an effect that is larger than reported as the consensus estimate in previous surveys and tends to be increasing over time. The literature on tax avoidance still has several unresolved puzzles and blind spots that require further research.