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Author: Jacob Kovarskiy Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
The growing demand for radio frequency (RF) spectrum access poses new challenges for next-generation radar systems. Recent Federal Communications Commission (FCC) policies permit wireless communication networks to share the spectrum with incumbent radar systems. To operate in a crowded electromagnetic environment, radars must coexist with other RF emitters while maintaining system performance. The concept of cognitive RF provides robust and innovative solutions to efficiently share and build awareness of the spectrum. Cognition is actualized by the perception-action cycle (PAC) which iteratively senses RF interference (RFI), learns RFI behavior over time, and adapts the radar's frequency band of operation. New developments in software defined radio (SDR) technology have enabled complex cognitive systems to be realized on hardware in real-time. This work 1) presents a cognitive spectrum sharing implementation based on spectral prediction, 2) compares this implementation against radars employing alternative cognitive strategies, and 3) introduces a metacognition architecture to optimize a radar's cognitive strategy with respect to the environment. The spectral prediction approach enables the radar to learn a stochastic model describing RF activity. Using this model, the radar adapts waveform parameters in anticipation of changes in the spectrum. Spectral prediction is demonstrated in conjunction with pulsed linear frequency modulated chirp waveforms as well as notched noise waveforms for coexistence. Additionally, this predictive implementation is compared to reactive and reinforcement learning-based spectrum sharing strategies. Experiments demonstrate that these different cognitive strategies are well suited to particular RFI scenarios. This indicates a need for radars to intelligently adapt cognitive strategies in changing environments. The bio-inspired concept of metacognition provides a framework for cognitive radar to achieve this via self-monitoring and regulation of the PAC. Here, we describe an algorithm selection process aided by metacognition theory. To demonstrate the efficacy of spectral prediction and metacognition for radar, real-time SDR implementations are evaluated. A comprehensive set of synthetic RFI, emulated long-term evolution (LTE) RFI, and real measured RFI scenarios are used to characterize performance. These experiments measure the impact of RFI on radar processing and assess the relative performance improvements due to spectrum sharing. In measuring performance, a metric to characterize target detection quality is proposed based on the Jensen-Shannon divergence. Overall, this work presents a state-of-the-art review for cognitive RF, describes the theoretical background for each approach, details a real-time implementation for both predictive and metacognitive frameworks, and evaluates the performance of these implementations in a variety of RFI scenarios.
Author: Jacob Kovarskiy Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
The growing demand for radio frequency (RF) spectrum access poses new challenges for next-generation radar systems. Recent Federal Communications Commission (FCC) policies permit wireless communication networks to share the spectrum with incumbent radar systems. To operate in a crowded electromagnetic environment, radars must coexist with other RF emitters while maintaining system performance. The concept of cognitive RF provides robust and innovative solutions to efficiently share and build awareness of the spectrum. Cognition is actualized by the perception-action cycle (PAC) which iteratively senses RF interference (RFI), learns RFI behavior over time, and adapts the radar's frequency band of operation. New developments in software defined radio (SDR) technology have enabled complex cognitive systems to be realized on hardware in real-time. This work 1) presents a cognitive spectrum sharing implementation based on spectral prediction, 2) compares this implementation against radars employing alternative cognitive strategies, and 3) introduces a metacognition architecture to optimize a radar's cognitive strategy with respect to the environment. The spectral prediction approach enables the radar to learn a stochastic model describing RF activity. Using this model, the radar adapts waveform parameters in anticipation of changes in the spectrum. Spectral prediction is demonstrated in conjunction with pulsed linear frequency modulated chirp waveforms as well as notched noise waveforms for coexistence. Additionally, this predictive implementation is compared to reactive and reinforcement learning-based spectrum sharing strategies. Experiments demonstrate that these different cognitive strategies are well suited to particular RFI scenarios. This indicates a need for radars to intelligently adapt cognitive strategies in changing environments. The bio-inspired concept of metacognition provides a framework for cognitive radar to achieve this via self-monitoring and regulation of the PAC. Here, we describe an algorithm selection process aided by metacognition theory. To demonstrate the efficacy of spectral prediction and metacognition for radar, real-time SDR implementations are evaluated. A comprehensive set of synthetic RFI, emulated long-term evolution (LTE) RFI, and real measured RFI scenarios are used to characterize performance. These experiments measure the impact of RFI on radar processing and assess the relative performance improvements due to spectrum sharing. In measuring performance, a metric to characterize target detection quality is proposed based on the Jensen-Shannon divergence. Overall, this work presents a state-of-the-art review for cognitive RF, describes the theoretical background for each approach, details a real-time implementation for both predictive and metacognitive frameworks, and evaluates the performance of these implementations in a variety of RFI scenarios.
Author: Shannon D. Blunt Publisher: SciTech Publishing ISBN: 178561357X Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 865
Book Description
Radar and Communication Spectrum Sharing addresses the growing conflict over use of the radio-frequency spectrum by different systems, such as civil and security applications of radar and consumer use for wireless communications. The increasing demand for this finite resource is driving innovation into new ways in which these diverse systems can cohabit the spectrum. The book provides a broad survey of recent and ongoing work on the topic of spectrum sharing, with an emphasis on identifying the technology gaps for practical realization and the regulatory and measurement compliance aspects of this problem space. The introductory section sets the scene, making the case for spectrum access and reviewing spectrum use, congestion, lessons learned, ways forward and research areas. The book then covers system engineering perspectives, the issues involved with addressing interference, and radar/communication co-design strategies. With contributions from an international panel of experts, this book is essential reading for researchers, engineers and advanced students in radar, communications, navigation, and electronic warfare whose work is impacted by spectrum engineering requirements.
Author: Julian Jaynes Publisher: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt ISBN: 0547527543 Category : Psychology Languages : en Pages : 580
Book Description
National Book Award Finalist: “This man’s ideas may be the most influential, not to say controversial, of the second half of the twentieth century.”—Columbus Dispatch At the heart of this classic, seminal book is Julian Jaynes's still-controversial thesis that human consciousness did not begin far back in animal evolution but instead is a learned process that came about only three thousand years ago and is still developing. The implications of this revolutionary scientific paradigm extend into virtually every aspect of our psychology, our history and culture, our religion—and indeed our future. “Don’t be put off by the academic title of Julian Jaynes’s The Origin of Consciousness in the Breakdown of the Bicameral Mind. Its prose is always lucid and often lyrical…he unfolds his case with the utmost intellectual rigor.”—The New York Times “When Julian Jaynes . . . speculates that until late in the twentieth millennium BC men had no consciousness but were automatically obeying the voices of the gods, we are astounded but compelled to follow this remarkable thesis.”—John Updike, The New Yorker “He is as startling as Freud was in The Interpretation of Dreams, and Jaynes is equally as adept at forcing a new view of known human behavior.”—American Journal of Psychiatry
Author: Greg Zacharias Publisher: Independently Published ISBN: 9781092834346 Category : Languages : en Pages : 420
Book Description
Dr. Greg Zacharias, former Chief Scientist of the United States Air Force (2015-18), explores next steps in autonomous systems (AS) development, fielding, and training. Rapid advances in AS development and artificial intelligence (AI) research will change how we think about machines, whether they are individual vehicle platforms or networked enterprises. The payoff will be considerable, affording the US military significant protection for aviators, greater effectiveness in employment, and unlimited opportunities for novel and disruptive concepts of operations. Autonomous Horizons: The Way Forward identifies issues and makes recommendations for the Air Force to take full advantage of this transformational technology.
Author: Peyman Setoodeh Publisher: John Wiley & Sons ISBN: 1118302966 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 240
Book Description
A comprehensive treatment of cognitive radio networks and the specialized techniques used to improve wireless communications The human brain, as exemplified by cognitive radar, cognitive radio, and cognitive computing, inspires the field of Cognitive Dynamic Systems. In particular, cognitive radio is growing at an exponential rate. Fundamentals of Cognitive Radio details different aspects of the human brain and provides examples of how it can be mimicked by cognitive dynamic systems. The text offers a communication-theoretic background, including information on resource allocation in wireless networks and the concept of robustness. The authors provide a thorough mathematical background with data on game theory, variational inequalities, and projected dynamic systems. They then delve more deeply into resource allocation in cognitive radio networks. The text investigates the dynamics of cognitive radio networks from the perspectives of information theory, optimization, and control theory. It also provides a vision for the new world of wireless communications by integration of cellular and cognitive radio networks. This groundbreaking book: Shows how wireless communication systems increasingly use cognition to enhance their networks Explores how cognitive radio networks can be viewed as spectrum supply chain networks Derives analytic models for two complementary regimes for spectrum sharing (open-access and market-driven) to study both equilibrium and disequilibrium behaviors of networks Studies cognitive heterogeneous networks with emphasis on economic provisioning for resource sharing Introduces a framework that addresses the issue of spectrum sharing across licensed and unlicensed bands aimed for Pareto optimality Written for students of cognition, communication engineers, telecommunications professionals, and others, Fundamentals of Cognitive Radio offers a new generation of ideas and provides a fresh way of thinking about cognitive techniques in order to improve radio networks.
Author: Yang Xiao Publisher: CRC Press ISBN: 1420064215 Category : Computers Languages : en Pages : 496
Book Description
Fueled by ongoing and increasing consumer demand, the explosive growth in spectrum-based communications continues to tax the finite resources of the available spectrum. One possible solution, Cognitive Radio Network (CRN), allows unlicensed users opportunistic access to licensed bands without interfering with existing users. Although some initial s
Author: Gary A. Klein Publisher: Ablex Publishing Corporation ISBN: 9780893919436 Category : Psychology Languages : en Pages : 480
Book Description
This book describes the new perspective of naturalistic decision making. The point of departure is how people make decisions in complex, time-pressured, ambiguous, and changing environments. The purpose of this book is to present and elaborate on past models developed to explain this type of decision making. The central philosophy of the book is that classical decision theory has been unproductive since it is so heavily grounded in economics and mathematics. The contributors believe there is little to be learned from laboratory studies about how people actually handle difficult and interesting tasks; therefore, the book presents a critique of classical decision theory. The models of naturalistic decision making described by the contributors were derived to explain the behavior of firefighters, business people, jurors, nuclear power plant operators, and command-and-control officers. The models are unique in that they address the way people use experience to frame situations and adopt courses of action. The models explain the strengths of skilled decision makers. Naturalistic decision research requires the examination of field settings, and a section of the book covers methods for conducting meaningful research outside the laboratory. In addition, since his approach has applied value, the book covers issues of training and decision support systems.
Author: James Crowder Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 1461480728 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 273
Book Description
The goal of this book is to establish the foundation, principles, theory, and concepts that are the backbone of real, autonomous Artificial Intelligence. Presented here are some basic human intelligence concepts framed for Artificial Intelligence systems. These include concepts like Metacognition and Metamemory, along with architectural constructs for Artificial Intelligence versions of human brain functions like the prefrontal cortex. Also presented are possible hardware and software architectures that lend themselves to learning, reasoning, and self-evolution
Author: Zenon W. Pylyshyn Publisher: MIT Press ISBN: 0262162458 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 271
Book Description
The author argues that the process of incrementally constructing perceptual representations, solving the binding problem (determining which properties go together), and, more generally, grounding perceptual representations in experience arise from the nonconceptual capacity to pick out and keep track of a small number of sensory individuals. He proposes a mechanism in early vision that allows us to select a limited number of sensory objects, to reidentify each of them under certain conditions as the same individual seen before, and to keep track of their enduring individuality despite radical changes in their properties--all without the machinery of concepts, identity, and tenses. This mechanism, which he calls FINSTs (for "Fingers of Instantiation"), is responsible for our capacity to individuate and track several independently moving sensory objects--an ability that we exercise every waking minute, and one that can be understood as fundamental to the way we see and understand the world and to our sense of space.
Author: Jacob Kovarskiy
Author: Jacob Kovarskiy
Author: Shannon D. Blunt
Author: Julian Jaynes
Author: Greg Zacharias
Author: Peyman Setoodeh
Author: Simon Haykin
Author: Yang Xiao
Author: Gary A. Klein
Author: James Crowder
Author: Zenon W. Pylyshyn