Author: Stefan Atev Publisher: ISBN: Category : Computer vision Languages : en Pages : 19
Book Description
Monitoring traffic intersections in real- time as well as predicting possible collisions is an important first step towards building an early collision warning system. We present the general vision methods used in a system addressing this problem and describe the practical adaptations necessary to achieve real-time performance. A novel method for three-dimensional vehicle size estimation is presented. We also describe a method for target localization in real-world coordinates, which allows for sequential incorporation of measurements from multiple cameras into a single target's state vector. Additionally, a fast implementation of a false-positive reduction method for the foreground pixel masks is developed. Finally, a low-overhead collision prediction algorithm using the time-as-axis paradigm is presented. The proposed system was able to perform in real-time on videos of quarter-VGA ($320\times240$) resolution. The errors in target position and dimension estimates in a test video sequence are quantified.
Author: Heejin Ahn Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 149
Book Description
Car crashes cause a large number of fatalities and injuries, with about 33,000 people killed and 2.3 million injured in the United States every year. To prevent car crashes, the government and automotive companies have taken initiatives to develop and deploy communications among vehicles and between vehicles and infrastructure. By using such communications, we design centralized coordinators at road intersections, called supervisors, that monitor the dynamical state of vehicles and the current input of drivers and override them if necessary to prevent a collision. The primary technical problem in the design of such systems is to determine if the current drivers' input will cause an unavoidable future collision, in which case the supervisor must override the drivers at the current time to prevent the collision. This problem is called safety verification problem which is known to be computationally intractable for general dynamical systems. Our approach to solving the safety verification problem is to translate it to a computationally more tractable scheduling problem. When modeling an intersection as a single conflict area inside which the paths of vehicles intersect, we exactly solve the scheduling problem with algorithms that can handle a small number of vehicles in real-time. For a larger number of vehicles or with more complex intersection models, we approximately solve it within quantified approximation bounds by using mixed integer linear programming (MILP) formulations that, despite the combinatorial complexity, can be solved in real-time by available software such as CPLEX. Based on the solutions to the safety verification problem, we design a supervisor and prove that it ensures safety and is nonblocking, another major challenge of verification-based algorithms. We validate the supervisor using computer simulations and experiments.
Author: Rola Naja Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 1441995633 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 283
Book Description
Wireless Vehicular Networks for Car Collision Avoidance focuses on the development of the ITS (Intelligent Transportation Systems) in order to minimize vehicular accidents. The book presents and analyses a range of concrete accident scenarios while examining the causes of vehicular collision and proposing countermeasures based on wireless vehicular networks.The book also describes the vehicular network standards and quality of service mechanisms focusing on improving critical dissemination of safety information. With recommendations on techniques and protocols to consider when improving road safety policies in order to minimize crashes and collision risks.
Author: Christer Ericson Publisher: CRC Press ISBN: 1558607323 Category : Art Languages : en Pages : 634
Book Description
Written by an expert in the game industry, Christer Ericson's new book is a comprehensive guide to the components of efficient real-time collision detection systems. The book provides the tools and know-how needed to implement industrial-strength collision detection for the highly detailed dynamic environments of applications such as 3D games, virtual reality applications, and physical simulators. Of the many topics covered, a key focus is on spatial and object partitioning through a wide variety of grids, trees, and sorting methods. The author also presents a large collection of intersection and distance tests for both simple and complex geometric shapes. Sections on vector and matrix algebra provide the background for advanced topics such as Voronoi regions, Minkowski sums, and linear and quadratic programming. Of utmost importance to programmers but rarely discussed in this much detail in other books are the chapters covering numerical and geometric robustness, both essential topics for collision detection systems. Also unique are the chapters discussing how graphics hardware can assist in collision detection computations and on advanced optimization for modern computer architectures. All in all, this comprehensive book will become the industry standard for years to come.
Author: Ronald K. Jurgen Publisher: SAE International ISBN: Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 440
Book Description
Contains 51 papers covering eight years of research on object detection, collision warning, and collision avoidance. Topics covered include: Parking aids; Target tracking with cameras; Sensor combinations; Blind spot detection; Imager chips; Lane tracking; Lane and road departure warning; Sensor fusion; Intersection collision warning; Front- and rear-end crash avoidance; Automatic collision avoidance systems; Braking systems for collision avoidance; and Driver-vehicle interface requirements.
Author: Laurence T. Yang Publisher: CRC Press ISBN: 1439848122 Category : Computers Languages : en Pages : 698
Book Description
Consolidating recent research in the area, the Handbook on Mobile and Ubiquitous Computing: Status and Perspective illustrates the design, implementation, and deployment of mobile and ubiquitous systems, particularly in mobile and ubiquitous environments, modeling, database components, and wireless infrastructures.Supplying an overarching perspecti
Author: Wang, John Publisher: IGI Global ISBN: 1466626801 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 420
Book Description
With the continuous growth of the service sector, the ability to develop and implement information systems is important in order to measure progress. Implementation and Integration of Information Systems in the Service Sector is a collection of research which discusses the application of information systems as well as the established ideas and advancements in the service sector. This book aims to utilize new theories, technologies, models, and methods in order to discover effective functions in this area.
Author: Azim Eskandarian Publisher: Springer ISBN: 9780857290847 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
The Handbook of Intelligent Vehicles provides a complete coverage of the fundamentals, new technologies, and sub-areas essential to the development of intelligent vehicles; it also includes advances made to date, challenges, and future trends. Significant strides in the field have been made to date; however, so far there has been no single book or volume which captures these advances in a comprehensive format, addressing all essential components and subspecialties of intelligent vehicles, as this book does. Since the intended users are engineering practitioners, as well as researchers and graduate students, the book chapters do not only cover fundamentals, methods, and algorithms but also include how software/hardware are implemented, and demonstrate the advances along with their present challenges. Research at both component and systems levels are required to advance the functionality of intelligent vehicles. This volume covers both of these aspects in addition to the fundamentals listed above.
Author: Neville A. Stanton Publisher: Springer ISBN: 3319416820 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 1132
Book Description
This book discusses the latest advances in research and development, design, operation and analysis of transportation systems and their complementary infrastructures. It reports on both theories and case studies on road and rail, aviation and maritime transportation. The book covers a wealth of topics, from accident analysis, vehicle intelligent control, and human-error and safety issues to next-generation transportation systems, model-based design methods, simulation and training techniques, and many more. A special emphasis is given to smart technologies and automation in transport, as well as to user-centered, ergonomic and sustainable design of transport systems. The book, which is based on the AHFE 2016 International Conference on Human Factors in Transportation, held on July 27-31, 2016, in Walt Disney World®, Florida, USA, mainly addresses transportation system designers, industrial designers, human-computer interaction researchers, civil and control engineers, as well as vehicle system engineers. Moreover, it represents a timely source of information for transportation policy-makers and social scientists dealing with traffic safety, management, and sustainability issues in transport.
Author: Disi Tian Publisher: ISBN: Category : Automobiles Languages : en Pages : 127
Book Description
The Rural Intersection Collision Warning System (i.e., RICWS) has been deployed across the state of Minnesota to provide real-time traffic information to motorists to assist them with identifying sufficient vehicle gaps at thru-STOP intersections. However, since its implementation, a number of complaints have been received from local road users in regard to the signs. To identify the human factors issues with the current RICWS sign and to propose safe and efficient alternatives to its use, multiple rounds of usability tests were conducted with Minnesota county engineers and local road users to assist iterative design modifications as well as evaluate the effectives of each sign’s ability to accurately convey information regarding each of its three states. Three alternative design options were developed and tested along with the original RICWS sign via a driving simulator. A total of 120 participants, including novice teenage drivers (16-18 years old), middle-aged drivers (35-50 years old) and older drivers (65-77 years old), were recruited and were then asked to drive through a sequence of rural thruSTOP controlled intersections, with and without the intervention. The objectives were to evaluate the safety effectiveness and efficiency of different RICWS sign options to promote safe gap acceptance at different types of rural intersections (i.e., varying levels of mainstream traffic volume and intersection visibility). The research findings revealed an overall safety benefit of the intervention; however, potential risks were also identified associated with its deployment. It was also observed that drivers’ perceptions did not all match their actual driving behaviors.
Author: Stefan Atev
Author: Heejin Ahn
Author: Rola Naja
Author: Christer Ericson
Author: Ronald K. Jurgen
Author: Laurence T. Yang
Author: Wang, John
Author: Azim Eskandarian
Author: Neville A. Stanton
Author: Disi Tian