Purposive Behavior in Animals and Men PDF Download

Author: Edward Chace Tolman
Publisher: Univ of California Press
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 484

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Author: Edward Chace Tolman
Publisher: Irvington Publishers
ISBN:
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 498

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Author: Frank Honywill George
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 9782881241109
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 336

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Author: William O'Donohue
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0080533000
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 475

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Handbook of Behaviorism provides a comprehensive single source that summarizes what behaviorism is, how the various "flavors" of behaviorism have differed between major theorists both in psychology and philosophy, and what aspects of those theories have been borne out in research findings and continue to be of use in understanding human behavior.

Author: David W. Carroll
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 9781107553156
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 0

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This book discusses the development of Edward Tolman's purposive behaviourism from the 1920s to the 1950s, highlighting the tension between his references to cognitive processes and the dominant behaviourist trends. It shows how Tolman incorporated concepts from European scholars, including Egon Brunswik and the Gestalt psychologists, to justify a more purposive form of behaviourism and how the theory evolved in response to the criticisms of his contemporaries. The manuscript also discusses Tolman's political activities, culminating in his role in the California loyalty oath controversy in the 1950s. Tolman was involved in a number of progressive causes during his lifetime, activities that drew the attention of both state legislators in California and the Federal Bureau of Investigation. It treats Tolman's theoretical and political activities as emanating from the same source, a desire to understand the learning process in a scientific manner and to apply these concepts to improve the human condition.

Author: Lawrence Dachowski
Publisher: Psychology Press
ISBN: 1134748868
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 453

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This book, based on the Flowerree Mardi Gras Symposium at Tulane University, juxtaposes contemporary research and theory from several areas of animal learning -- learning theory, comparative cognition, animal models of human behavior, and functional neurology. Investigators pursuing these different routes often work in isolation of progress being made in, what should be, related fields. This book will acquaint students and researchers with a variety of topics, ordinarily treated separately, in a way that will stimulate integrative thinking. Cognitive interpretations of animal learning are included, as well as recent developments in conditioning theory, physiological bases of learning, animal models of human behavior problems, and psychopharmacology.

Author: Edward M. Barrows
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1439836515
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 814

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"Words are our tools, and, as a minimum, we should use clean tools. We should know what we mean and what we do not, and we must forearm ourselves against the traps that language sets us." -- The Need for Precise Terminology, Austin (1957, 7–8) It follows that, for effective and efficient communication, people should have, or at least understand, the same precise terminology. Such terminology is crucial for the advancement of basic, theoretical, and applied science, yet too often there is ambiguity between scientific and common definitions and even discrepancies in the scientific literature. Providing a common ground and platform for precise scientific communication in animal behavior, ecology, evolution, and related branches of biology, Animal Behavior Desk Reference, A Dictionary of Behavior, Ecology, and Evolution, Third Edition contains more than 800 new terms and definitions, 48 new figures, and thousands of additions and improvements. Using a dictionary format to present definitions in a standard, easily accessible manner, the book’s main body emphasizes conceptual terms, rather than anatomical parts or taxonomic terms, and focuses on nouns, rather than verbs or adjectives. Term hierarchies are handled with bulleted entries and terms with multiple definitions are included as superscripted entries. All sources are cited and most are paraphrased to conform to uniform style and length. The dictionary also includes nontechnical and obsolete terms, synonyms, pronunciations, and notes and comments, as well as etymologies, term originators, and related facts. Appendices address organism names, organizations, and databases. Devoted to the precise and correct use of scientific language, this third edition of a bestselling standard enables students and scientists alike to communicate their findings and promote the efficient advancement of science.

Author: Donald R. Griffin
Publisher: University of Chicago Press
ISBN: 022622712X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 372

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Book Description
In Animal Minds, Donald R. Griffin takes us on a guided tour of the recent explosion of scientific research on animal mentality. Are animals consciously aware of anything, or are they merely living machines, incapable of conscious thoughts or emotional feelings? How can we tell? Such questions have long fascinated Griffin, who has been a pioneer at the forefront of research in animal cognition for decades, and is recognized as one of the leading behavioral ecologists of the twentieth century. With this new edition of his classic book, which he has completely revised and updated, Griffin moves beyond considerations of animal cognition to argue that scientists can and should investigate questions of animal consciousness. Using examples from studies of species ranging from chimpanzees and dolphins to birds and honeybees, he demonstrates how communication among animals can serve as a "window" into what animals think and feel, just as human speech and nonverbal communication tell us most of what we know about the thoughts and feelings of other people. Even when they don't communicate about it, animals respond with sometimes surprising versatility to new situations for which neither their genes nor their previous experiences have prepared them, and Griffin discusses what these behaviors can tell us about animal minds. He also reviews the latest research in cognitive neuroscience, which has revealed startling similarities in the neural mechanisms underlying brain functioning in both humans and other animals. Finally, in four chapters greatly expanded for this edition, Griffin considers the latest scientific research on animal consciousness, pro and con, and explores its profound philosophical and ethical implications.

Author: Hunter Crowther-Heyck
Publisher: JHU Press
ISBN: 9780801880254
Category : Biography & Autobiography
Languages : en
Pages : 444

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Book Description
In this informed and discerning study, Crowther-Heyck explores Simon's contributions to science and their influences on modern life and thought. For historians of science, social science, technology, and twentieth-century American intellectual and cultural history, this account of Herbert Simon's life and work provides a rich and valuable perspective. Rarely does the world see as versatile a figure as Herbert Simon. He was a Nobel laureate in economics; an accomplished political scientist; winner of a lifetime achievement award from the American Psychological Association; and founder of the department of computer science at Carnegie Mellon University. In all his work in all these fields, he pursued a single goal - to create a science that could map the bounds of human reason and so enlarge its role in human affairs. Hunter Crowther-Heyck uses the career of this unique individual to examine the evolution of the social sciences after World War II, particularly Simon's creation of a new field, systems science, which joined together two distinct, powerful approaches to human behavior, the sciences of choice and control. Simon sought to develop methods by which human behavior: specifically human problem-solving, could be modeled and simulated. Regarding mind and machine as synonymous, Simon applied his models of human behavior to many other areas, from public administration and business management to artificial intelligence and the design of complex social and technical systems. In this informed and discerning study, Crowther-Heyck explores Simon's contributions to science and their influences on modern life and thought.

Author: Zygmunt Pizlo
Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA
ISBN: 0199922543
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 265

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This text explains why and how our visual perceptions can provide us with an accurate representation of the world 'out there.' Along the way, it tells the story of a machine (a computational model) built by the authors that solves the computationally difficult problem of seeing the way humans do.