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Author: Andreas Dür Publisher: Cornell University Press ISBN: 0801457300 Category : Political Science Languages : en Pages : 265
Book Description
The liberalization of transatlantic trade relations since the Great Depression is one of the key developments in the global political economy of the last hundred years. This period has seen the negotiated reduction of both tariffs and nontariff barriers among developed countries, which allowed for the rapid expansion of trade flows, a driving force of economic globalization. In Protection for Exporters, Andreas Dür provides a novel explanation for this phenomenon that stresses the role of societal interests in shaping trade politics. He argues that exporters lobby more in reaction to losses of foreign market access than in pursuit of opportunities, thus providing a rationale for periods of acceleration and slowdown in the pace of liberalization. Dür also presents hypotheses about the form in which protection for exporters is provided (preferential or nonpreferential) and the balance of concessions that is exchanged in trade negotiations. Protection for Exporters includes case studies of major developments in international trade relations, such as the passage of the Reciprocal Trade Agreements Act in the 1930s, the creation of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade in the 1940s, the Kennedy Round in the 1960s, the debate over Fortress Europe in the 1980s, and U.S.-European competition over access to emerging markets in the early 2000s. Dür's rigorous argument and systematic empirical analyses not only explain transatlantic trade relations but also allow for a better understanding of the dynamics of international economic relations.
Author: Andreas Dür Publisher: Cornell University Press ISBN: 0801457300 Category : Political Science Languages : en Pages : 265
Book Description
The liberalization of transatlantic trade relations since the Great Depression is one of the key developments in the global political economy of the last hundred years. This period has seen the negotiated reduction of both tariffs and nontariff barriers among developed countries, which allowed for the rapid expansion of trade flows, a driving force of economic globalization. In Protection for Exporters, Andreas Dür provides a novel explanation for this phenomenon that stresses the role of societal interests in shaping trade politics. He argues that exporters lobby more in reaction to losses of foreign market access than in pursuit of opportunities, thus providing a rationale for periods of acceleration and slowdown in the pace of liberalization. Dür also presents hypotheses about the form in which protection for exporters is provided (preferential or nonpreferential) and the balance of concessions that is exchanged in trade negotiations. Protection for Exporters includes case studies of major developments in international trade relations, such as the passage of the Reciprocal Trade Agreements Act in the 1930s, the creation of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade in the 1940s, the Kennedy Round in the 1960s, the debate over Fortress Europe in the 1980s, and U.S.-European competition over access to emerging markets in the early 2000s. Dür's rigorous argument and systematic empirical analyses not only explain transatlantic trade relations but also allow for a better understanding of the dynamics of international economic relations.
Author: Derek S. Reveron Publisher: Georgetown University Press ISBN: 1626163324 Category : History Languages : en Pages : 268
Book Description
This is a thoroughly revised second edition of a book that we published in 2010. Exporting Security is about the US military's role in military-to-military partnerships, such as helping to support and train foreign militaries, and about the US military's role in missions other than war, ranging from diplomacy, to development, to humanitarian assistance after disasters or during epidemics. Reveron is a proponent of these non-warfighting missions because he views them as an economical way to promote human security and regional security in trouble spots, which he says is in the US national interest. He also sees these efforts as making it less likely that the US will feel compelled to intervene directly in hot spots around the globe if our partners can maintain their own security or if humanitarian disasters can be averted. This second edition will take into account the Obama administration's foreign policy, the poor legacy of training the Iraqi army, the implications of more assertive foreign policies by Russia and China, and the US military's role in recent humanitarian crises such as the Ebola epidemic in West Africa--
Author: Andreas Dür Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
Recently, the EU concluded trade agreements with emerging markets in different regions of the world. What explains the EU's pursuit of these agreements? I present an argument that suggests that exporters in the EU mobilize in response to discrimination abroad and push the EU to conclude trade agreements to protect their foreign market access. In two case studies, I show that this protection-for-exporters argument offers a plausible account for the EU's agreements with Mexico and Chile.
Author: Jason Katzman Publisher: Skyhorse Publishing Inc. ISBN: 1616081112 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 385
Book Description
Here is practical advice for anyone who wants to build their business by selling overseas. The International Trade Administration covers key topics such as marketing, legal issues, customs, and more. With real-life examples and a full index, A Basic Guide to Exporting provides expert advice and practical solutions to meet all of your exporting needs.
Author: Government Accountability Office Publisher: Createspace Independent Publishing Platform ISBN: 9781976354724 Category : Languages : en Pages : 40
Book Description
The U.S. government controls exports of defense-related goods and services by companies and the export of information associated with their design, production, and use, to ensure they meet U.S. interests. Globalization and communication technologies facilitate exports of controlled information providing benefits to U.S. companies and increase interactions between U.S. and foreign companies, making it challenging to protect such exports. GAO assessed (1) how the government's export control processes apply to the protection of export-controlled information, and (2) steps the government has taken to identify and help mitigate the risks in protecting export-controlled information. To do this, GAO analyzed agency regulations and practices and interviewed officials from 46 companies with a wide range of exporting experiences.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 40
Book Description
U.S. government export control agencies have less oversight on exports of controlled information than they do on exports of controlled goods. Commerce's and State's export control requirements and processes provide physical checkpoints on the means and methods companies use to export-controlled goods to help them ensure such exports are made under license terms, but the agencies cannot easily apply these same requirements and processes to exports of controlled information. For example, companies are generally required to report their shipments of export-controlled goods overseas to Customs and Border Protection for exports made under a license, but such reporting is not applicable to export-controlled information. Commerce and State expect individual companies to be responsible for implementing practices to protect exportcontrolled information. One third of the companies we interviewed told us they do not have internal control plans to protect their export-controlled information, which set requirements for access to such material by foreign employees and visitors. Also, almost half of the company officials we interviewed told us they encounter uncertainties when determining what measures should be included within their internal control plans to help protect export-controlled information. Commerce and State have not fully assessed the risks of companies using a variety of means to protect export-controlled information. The agencies have not used existing resources, such as license data, to help identify the minimal protections for such exports. As companies use a variety of measures for protecting export-controlled information, increased knowledge of the risks associated with such information could improve agency outreach and training efforts, which now offer limited assistance to companies to mitigate those risks. Our internal control standards highlight the identification and management of risk as a key element of an organization's management control program.
Author: Dai Tamada Publisher: Springer ISBN: 9811059608 Category : Law Languages : en Pages : 168
Book Description
This is the first book to focus on the theoretical and practical issues of export control. It combines the points of view of Japanese and French academics and practitioners, including personnel at several governmental institutions and private companies. Presenting the results of a collaboration between Japanese and French academics, it contributes to the development of a new debate on export control. Although export control has been discussed within the framework of international law in terms of peace and security, its scope has now been expanded to international economic law (i.e., WTO law and international investment law). This means that in order to discuss export control appropriately, the two areas of law have to be combined. At the same time, this topic is not only academic and theoretical but touches upon very real and practical aspects of trade, export, and foreign investment. When we tighten embargos and economic sanctions for anti-terrorism or anti-nuclearization purposes, we encounter more and more cases of conflict between security and the liberalization of economic relations in the world. For this reason, a wide range of collaborative work is needed in this area. This timely book addresses various aspects of the current export control debate.
Author: U. S. Customs and Border Protection Publisher: ISBN: 9781304100061 Category : Education Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
Explains process of importing goods into the U.S., including informed compliance, invoices, duty assessments, classification and value, marking requirements, etc.
Author: Eric M. Solovy Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 15
Book Description
A recent chapter by Seuba, Genovesi, and Roffe argues that Article 30 of the TRIPS Agreement would accommodate a “manufacturing for export exception” to patent protection. The proposed exception permits the manufacturing of goods protected by patents or supplementary protection certificates without the authorization of the right holders, provided that those goods are destined for exportation to off-patent markets. Seuba et al. argue that the utility of this proposed exception derives from permitting generic exporters to compete in export markets.In this article, we demonstrate that a WTO Member implementing a proposed manufacturing-for-export exception to patent protection would violate Article 28.1 of the TRIPS Agreement, with such violation not being saved by Article 30 of the TRIPS Agreement. Among other tools of treaty interpretation, the context of the recent amendment to the TRIPS Agreement (Article 31bis) supports this conclusion, as it demonstrates WTO Members' understanding that a manufacturing-for-export exception (even as limited to pharmaceuticals) requires much more than a “flexible” interpretation of Article 30 in order to be consistent with the TRIPS Agreement. To arrive at the conclusion that Article 30 permits a manufacturing-for-export exception, Seuba et al. rely on impermissible tools of treaty interpretation that are contrary to public international law. This article also explains that a measure implementing the proposed exception may, depending on its details, potentially also violate the non-discrimination obligation in Article 27.1 of the TRIPS Agreement. Additionally, such a measure may be subject to challenges under various free trade agreements and bilateral investment treaties.
Author: Andreas Dür
Author: Andreas Dür
Author: Derek S. Reveron
Author: Andreas Dür
Author: Jason Katzman
Author: Government Accountability Office
Author: I. M. Destler
Author: 
Author: Dai Tamada
Author: U. S. Customs and Border Protection
Author: Eric M. Solovy