Prevalence of Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus in Fatal Respiratory Disease in Feedlot Cattle PDF Download

Author: Deborah Marie Haines
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Beef cattle
Languages : en
Pages : 26

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Author: Thelma Meiring
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Bovine viral diarrhea virus
Languages : en
Pages : 68

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Book Description
Bovine viral diarrhoea virus infection is an important viral infection affecting the cattle industry today. The prevalence of this infection in South African feedlots is unknown. Ear notch biopsies were collected from animals entering feedlots which appeared unthrifty, chronic poor doers, and animals entering the hospital pen with respiratory disease for the first time. One thousand and seventy four (1074) samples were collected from the first two categories and 616 samples from animals entering the hospital pen. Samples were processed with routine immunoperoxidase protocol. Serum samples were also collected when possible. The first aim of this study was to determine the prevalence with the use of immunoperoxidase staining on ear notch biopsies. Overall 49 animals tested positive, 43 from the 1074 group and 6 from the 616 group. The prevalence of persistently infected cattle entering the feedlots was determined as 2.9%, which is higher than the rule of thumb that 0.5% of infected animals enter feedlots. Four percent were positive in the group of 1074 animals and one percent in those entering the hospital pen for the first time. It was proposed by the author that persistently infected animals are at a greater risk to develop respiratory disease in the feedlot, but this was not supported by the data collected. There was thus no clear increase in respiratory disease in persistently infected animals. The reliability of the immunoperoxidase stain as a diagnostic method to identify persistently infected animals was also evaluated. This diagnostic method proved to be reliable, but the pathologist needs to be aware of non-specific staining. During the course of the research it became apparent that in some cases mast cells in the dermis stain positive with both DAB and NovaRED stains. Positive staining in keratinocytes and hair follicle epithelium was not present and these cases were proven as negative for persistent infection. The specific cause of positive staining of mast cell granules remains unclear. Only ten positive cases had serum samples on which ELISA tests for antigen and antibody were performed. All tests correlated well with the immunoperoxidase method except in four cases, where the animals were incorrectly diagnosed as positive due to the non-specific staining as described above. Immunoperoxidase staining on ear notch biopsies is thus a reliable diagnostic method to identify persistently infected animals with BVDV, but the pathologist must be aware of non-specific positive staining.

Author: Kim A. Brogden
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Bacteria
Languages : en
Pages : 460

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Polymicrobial diseases, those involving more than one etiologic agent, are more common than is generally realized and include respiratory diseases, gastroenteritis, conjunctivitis, keratitis, hepatitis, periodontal diseases, multiple sclerosis, genital infections, intra -- abdominal infections, and pertussis.

Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Bovine viral diarrhea
Languages : en
Pages : 100

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Author: Annamaria Pratelli
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 2889747085
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 156

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Author: Jessie Vallejo
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :

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Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is an infectious disease affecting ruminants worldwide. Impacting the respiratory, reproductive, and digestive systems, BVDV remains one of the most economically damaging diseases to cattle producers. Previous phylogenetic analysis has divided the virus into two species, BVDV1 and BVDV2, with three main subspecies circulating in U.S. cattle populations: BVDV1a, BVDV1b, and BVDV2a. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of the three subspecies in cattle across the United States. Samples were obtained from various segments of the industry: cow/calf, stocker, feedlot, and dairy. Samples used were from live animals where fresh skin (ear notch) had previously tested positive for persistent infection via antigen capture ELISA (ACE) or immunohistochemistry (IHC). This study was comprised of 1,093 samples from 21 states, with a majority of samples from Kansas, Kentucky, Oklahoma, and Texas. Positive samples were submitted to a university diagnostic laboratory and segregated into three subspecies (BVDV1a, BVDV1b, and BVDV2a) via Reverse-Transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR) by sequencing of the 5'-untranslated region (5'-UTR). 1,000/1,093 samples were confirmed positive by PCR. Of the PCR confirmed samples, the prevalence of subspecies BVDV1b BVDV1a, and BVDV2a was 702/1,000 (70.2%), 44/1000 (4.4%), 178/1000 (17.8%), respectively, with 76/1000 (7.6%) of samples unable to be translated successfully. These findings support previous studies exhibiting BVDV1b as the most predominant subspecies among cattle, persistently infected with bovine viral diarrhea virus, in the United States.

Author: Helle Bielefeldt-Ohmann
Publisher: MDPI
ISBN: 3039435779
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 290

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Book Description
The pestiviruses encompass some of the most economically important viral infections in the cattle, swine, and sheep industries worldwide. Discovered more than 70 years ago, bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) and classical swine fever virus (CSFV) were long the main concern, but many new pestiviruses have emerged in recent years, which may also present additional threats to biosecurity and food safety. This issue brings together contributions from multiple disciplines – virology, immunology, veterinary clinical medicine, epidemiology, and pathology – on the subject of BVDV and related pestiviruses, and cover host–virus interactions, virus–cell interactions, cross-species transmission as well as the role of wildlife species as reservoirs of some of the pestiviruses.

Author: Sagar M. Goyal
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 0470344083
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 276

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Book Description
For almost 60 years, continual research on the subject of Bovine Viral Diarrhea (BVD) has raised as many questions as that research has answered. This common disease continues to cause sickness, death, abortion and fetal anomalies despite the millions of vaccination doses used each year to prevent its spread. Written by international experts on the subject of the BVD virus, BVDV: Diagnosis, Management and Control includes the latest information on BVD and outlines methods of diagnosis, management and control. Researchers, academics, and large animal practitioners will find this book an invaluable and irreplaceable resource for understanding and controlling outbreaks of BVD.

Author: David E. Anderson
Publisher: Elsevier Health Sciences
ISBN: 0323287271
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 313

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Book Description
This issue focuses on the latest treatment options concerning bovine orthopedic conditions. Topics covered include: external fixation devices, orthotics and prosthetics, coxofemoral disease, septic arthritis, splints and casts, stifle disorders, internal fixation, diseases of the tendon, imaging techniques, and more!

Author: Thomas J. Divers
Publisher: Elsevier Health Sciences
ISBN: 1437710832
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 704

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Book Description
REBHUN'S DISEASES OF DAIRY CATTLE, 2nd Edition is your all-in-one guide to bovine disease management. With thorough, up-to-date coverage of differential diagnosis methods, surgical and therapeutic treatment options, and prevention strategies, it provides vital information for battling bovine diseases in both dairy and non-dairy cattle. The book is organized by body system for quick, convenient reference, and this new edition meets the growing need for management of both diseases of individual cows and problems affecting whole herds. Individual case presentations provide a valuable tool for differential diagnosis. Practical overviews for procedures such as blood transfusion, abdominal paracentesis, and ECG give you reliable support for some of the most common procedures in bovine care. Body systems organization makes diagnosis easier and more effective by isolating system-specific diseases and conditions. Full-color design and over 200 new photographs depict disease processes in realistic clarity and ensure the most accurate diagnosis and treatment. Emphasis on herd health addresses the dairy industry's increased concern over population medicine. Expanded coverage of lameness highlights key problem areas in bovine feet. Revised drug usage recommendations and legal considerations present the most current information in these critical areas to help you prevent dangerous or costly errors. Additional public health/safety considerations identify diseases that pose a substantial public threat and detail special measures for related care of dairy cattle. New, innovative DVD features real-time videos of neurologic case studies, ultrasound and endoscopy procedures, and imaging techniques that familiarize you with the latest technological equipment and protocols. Features coverage of the latest treatment innovations including antibiotic residue testing, care of individual metabolic disease, troubleshooting, and much more.