Prépositions et postpositions - approches typologiques et formelles PDF Download

Author: TSENG Jesse
Publisher: Lavoisier
ISBN: 2746295180
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 258

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Book Description
Cet ouvrage réunit six études sur les prépositions et les postpositions à travers les langues. Ces formes posent des questions de type morphologique (s’agit-il de mots à part entière ou amalgamés ?), de type syntaxique (ont-ils leur propre régime ou sont-ils de simples marques de cas ?), et de type sémantique (sont-ils toujours polysémiques ? Peut-on parler de prépositions vides ?) Les prépositions et les postpositions « faibles », qui sont généralement les plus courtes et les plus fréquentes, sont analysées à l’aide de comparaisons de langues variées comme l’allemand, le coréen, l’espagnol ou le français. Prépositions et postpositions réunit des auteurs spécialistes de morphologie, de syntaxe et de sémantique.

Author: Benjamin Fagard
Publisher: Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
ISBN: 3110686643
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
Languages : en
Pages : 410

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Book Description
While much attention has been devoted to simple nominal relators, especially prepositions and case markers, complex nominal relators have not yet been the focus of a systematic and cross-linguistic study. The chapters of this volume provide not only a working definition of such constructions, but also a description of complex adpositions and other complex nominal relators in a variety of European languages, both Indo-European and non-Indo-European, including some languages for which this phenomenon had received little attention, such as Breton and Albanian. Building on synchronic and diachronic corpus-based investigations, the authors show commonalities and specificities of these linguistic items across languages, trying to explain why and how they emerged. The research presented in this volume confirms the wide-spread use of complex adpositions in Europe, and the data reviewed in the final discussion suggests it might be the same in other parts of the world, as well. This book thus offers not only detailed descriptions of complex nominal relators in fifteen languages, but also indications of what to look for in other languages, and how to distinguish between a syntactically free sequence and a genuine complex nominal relator.

Author: Seth Lindstromberg
Publisher: John Benjamins Publishing
ISBN: 9027211736
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
Languages : en
Pages : 288

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Book Description
This completely revised and expanded edition of "English Prepositions Explained (EPE)," originally published in 1998, " "covers approximately 100 simple, compound, and phrasal English prepositions of space and time with the focus being on short prepositions such as "at, by, in, "and "on. "Its target readership includes teachers of ESOL, pre-service translators and interpreters, undergraduates in English linguistics programs, studious advanced learners and users of English, and anyone who is inquisitive about the English language. The overall aim is to explain how and why meaning changes when one preposition is swapped for another in the same context. While retaining most of the structure of the original, this edition says more about more prepositions. It includes many more figures virtually all new. The exposition draws on recent research, and is substantially founded on evidence from digitalized corpora, including frequency data. "EPE" gives information and insights that will not be found in dictionaries and grammar handbooks."

Author: Claude Vandeloise
Publisher: University of Chicago Press
ISBN: 9780226847283
Category : Foreign Language Study
Languages : en
Pages : 288

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Book Description
This striking study of the meaning and use of the major spatial prepositions in French provides valuable insight into how the human mind organizes spatial relationships. Most previous analyses of spatial prepositions have assumed that their semantic properties can be adequately explained by familiar logical and geometrical concepts. Thus, the standard view of the preposition "in" as it appears in the sentence "the ball is in the bag" postulates that it refers to the geometrical relation of inclusion. This paradigm, however, falters when faced with the contrast in acceptability between sentences such as "the bulb is in the socket" and "the bottle is in the cap." The force exerted by the "landmark" (a conceptually fixed object) on the "target" (a moveable object) is crucial in this difference: the functional notion of containment seems more operational in the use of the preposition "in" than inclusion. That is, what are taken to be the landmark and the target depend greatly on the functions these objects serve in the human scheme. This offers important clues to otherwise problematic linguistic quirks, such as why one sleeps in one's bed, while one is said to lie on one's deathbed. While many of the examples apply in English as well as French, there are some noteworthy differences—in French one sits on a chair, but in a couch. Vandeloise convincingly argues that it is precisely this subjective element which makes a standard geometrical account unfeasible.

Author: James Champlin Fernald
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : English language
Languages : en
Pages : 352

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Book Description

Author: T. Givón
Publisher: John Benjamins Publishing Company
ISBN: 9027259844
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
Languages : en
Pages : 219

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Book Description
Adpositions are used, universally, to mark the roles of nominal participants in the verbal clause, most commonly indirect object roles. Practically all languages seem to have such markers, which begin their diachronic life as lexical words -- in this case either serial verbs or positional nouns. In many languages, however, adpositions also seem to have extended their diachronic life one step further, becoming verbal affixes. The main focus of this book is the tail-end of the diachronic life cycle of adpositions. That is, the process by which, having arisen first as nominal-attached prepositions or post-positions, they wind up attaching themselves to verbs. Our core puzzle is thus fairly transparent: How and why should morphemes that pertain functionally to nominals, and begin their diachronic life-cycle as nominal grammatical operators, wind up as verbal morphology? While the core five chapters of this book focus on the rise of verb-attached prepositions in Homeric Greek, its theoretical perspective is broader, perched at the intersection of three closely intertwined core components of the study of human language: (a) the communicative function of grammar; (b) the balance between universality and cross-language diversity of grammars; and (c) the diachrony of grammatical constructions, how they mutate over time. While paying well-deserved homage to the traditional Classical scholarship, this study is firmly wedded to the assumption, indeed presupposition, that Homeric Greek is just another natural language, spoken before written, designed as an instrument of communication, and subject to the same universal constraints as all human languages. And further, that those constraints--so-called language universals--express themselves most conspicuously in diachronic change. Lastly, in analyzing the synchronic variation and text distribution of prepositional constructions in Homeric Greek, this study relies primarily on the theory-laden method of Internal Reconstruction.

Author: Patrick Saint-Dizier
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9781402038495
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
Languages : en
Pages : 356

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Book Description
This book is the first to provide an integrated view of preposition from morphology to reasoning, via syntax and semantics. It offers new insights in applied and formal linguistics, and cognitive science. It underlines the importance of prepositions in a number of computational linguistics applications, such as information retrieval and machine translation. The reader will benefit from a wide range of views and applications to various linguistic frameworks, among which, most notably, HPSG. The book is for researchers working in the fields of computational linguistics, linguistics, and artificial intelligence.

Author: Dennis Kurzon
Publisher: John Benjamins Publishing
ISBN: 9789027229861
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
Languages : en
Pages : 330

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Book Description
This book is a collection of articles which deal with adpositions in a variety of languages and from a number of perspectives. Not only does the book cover what is traditionally treated in studies from a European and Semitic orientation – prepositions, but it presents studies on postpositions, too. The main languages dealt with in the collection are English, French and Hebrew, but there are articles devoted to other languages including Korean, Turkic languages, Armenian, Russian and Ukrainian. Adpositions are treated by some authors from a semantic perspective, by others as syntactic units, and a third group of authors distinguishes adpositions from the point of view of their pragmatic function. This work is of interest to students and researchers in theoretical and applied linguistics, as well as to those who have a special interest in any of the languages treated.

Author: Hubert Cuyckens
Publisher: Walter de Gruyter
ISBN: 3110924781
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
Languages : en
Pages : 288

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Book Description
In the past two decades, the study of prepositions has grown steadily. The papers collected in this volume bring together the multifaceted perspectives on prepositions that have been developed in contemporary linguistics. Some papers mainly discuss syntactic (and morphological) aspects of prepositions; other papers predominantly focus on cognitive aspects. All the papers are, however, concerned with the semantics of prepositions. This volume evolved from a workshop on prepositions held at Hamburg University on June 26 and 27, 1998.

Author: J. Daniel Moore
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781983361289
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 393

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Book Description
(Workbook coming soon...)"I hate grammar! Why are English prepositions so difficult?""I don't know why we say it that way. That's just how we speak.""There's no logic to prepositions. You just have to memorize them."Here's a secret for you: English prepositions are logical.Why your English Teacher was WrongImagine a farm that grows a lot of different plants. On the surface, you see all the leaves and branches. These leaves and branches are the different dictionary definitions that seem to be disconnected and random. These "surface meanings" are what native speakers are aware of. However, underground we find the root of each plant. The root is the logic that all the dictionary definitions are based on. This underground level is part of the subconscious mind, so native speakers aren't consciously aware of it. This book teaches you the hidden, logical relationships that give prepositions their meaning.What's in this Book?This book contains seventeen of the most common and confusing prepositions in the English language. Each preposition has its own chapter that's divided into sections that guide you through the process and help you learn more easily and more effectively. The sections are: A) Example Sentences (there are over 450 examples); B) The Logic, which includes the key idea(s), an explanation, and etymology notes; C) Detailed explanations of how the logic works in the example sentences from section A; D) Verbs that often use each preposition; E) Phrasal verbs; and F) Idioms. At the end of the book are a few maps of the logical relationships.