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Author: Clara Aulich Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
Current levels of meat consumption in the EU are unsustainably high. One potential policymeasure to address this problem is the introduction of a Pigouvian tax to internalize negativeeffects of meat consumption on the environment and public health. Since such a tax has not yetbeen introduced in any country, assessing the effects of such a tax ex-ante is useful to evaluateits potential effectiveness. By performing fixed effects regressions, I analyze the responsivenessof EU consumers' meat demand to changes in meat prices and income. Furthermore, I explorethe influence of other factors on meat demand such as demographics, urbanization and incomeinequality. I find beef to be most and pork to be least responsive to price changes, with all typesof meat being both price and income inelastic. Furthermore, a tax on meat consumption mightreduce total demand in the EU by up to 5.13 kg per capita, which is a reduction of 7.68%.Related greenhouse gas emissions from agriculture might thus be reduced by up to 12.55%.
Author: Clara Aulich Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
Current levels of meat consumption in the EU are unsustainably high. One potential policymeasure to address this problem is the introduction of a Pigouvian tax to internalize negativeeffects of meat consumption on the environment and public health. Since such a tax has not yetbeen introduced in any country, assessing the effects of such a tax ex-ante is useful to evaluateits potential effectiveness. By performing fixed effects regressions, I analyze the responsivenessof EU consumers' meat demand to changes in meat prices and income. Furthermore, I explorethe influence of other factors on meat demand such as demographics, urbanization and incomeinequality. I find beef to be most and pork to be least responsive to price changes, with all typesof meat being both price and income inelastic. Furthermore, a tax on meat consumption mightreduce total demand in the EU by up to 5.13 kg per capita, which is a reduction of 7.68%.Related greenhouse gas emissions from agriculture might thus be reduced by up to 12.55%.
Author: David Klenert Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
In the transition to a more sustainable food system, consumption taxes on meat have recently been under consideration in several European countries. However, a major concern is that their burden might fall disproportionately on poor households. We analyse this concern by comparing different meat tax designs and revenue recycling schemes in terms of their distributional impacts in a large sample of European countries. We find that, across all selected tax designs, uncompensated meat taxes are slightly regressive. However, the effect on inequality is mild and can be more than offset through revenue recycling via uniform lump-sum transfers in most cases. Using meat tax revenues towards lowering value-added taxes on fruit and vegetable products dampens but does not fully offset the regressive effect. Variation in the distributional impact can be explained by cross-country heterogeneity in consumption patterns, design choices between unit-based and ad-valorem taxation and differentiation according to greenhouse gas content.
Author: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Publisher: Food & Agriculture Org. ISBN: 9251346089 Category : Political Science Languages : en Pages : 337
Book Description
The Agricultural Outlook 2021-2030 is a collaborative effort of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) and the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations. It brings together the commodity, policy and country expertise of both organisations as well as input from collaborating member countries to provide an annual assessment of the prospects for the coming decade of national, regional and global agricultural commodity markets. The publication consists of 11 Chapters; Chapter 1 covers agricultural and food markets; Chapter 2 provides regional outlooks and the remaining chapters are dedicated to individual commodities.
Author: Michael Z. Hauschild Publisher: Springer ISBN: 9401797447 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 345
Book Description
This book offers a detailed presentation of the principles and practice of life cycle impact assessment. As a volume of the LCA compendium, the book is structured according to the LCIA framework developed by the International Organisation for Standardisation (ISO)passing through the phases of definition or selection of impact categories, category indicators and characterisation models (Classification): calculation of category indicator results (Characterisation); calculating the magnitude of category indicator results relative to reference information (Normalisation); and converting indicator results of different impact categories by using numerical factors based on value-choices (Weighting). Chapter one offers a historical overview of the development of life cycle impact assessment and presents the boundary conditions and the general principles and constraints of characterisation modelling in LCA. The second chapter outlines the considerations underlying the selection of impact categories and the classification or assignment of inventory flows into these categories. Chapters three through thirteen exploreall the impact categories that are commonly included in LCIA, discussing the characteristics of each followed by a review of midpoint and endpoint characterisation methods, metrics, uncertainties and new developments, and a discussion of research needs. Chapter-length treatment is accorded to Climate Change; Stratospheric Ozone Depletion; Human Toxicity; Particulate Matter Formation; Photochemical Ozone Formation; Ecotoxicity; Acidification; Eutrophication; Land Use; Water Use; and Abiotic Resource Use. The final two chapters map out the optional LCIA steps of Normalisation and Weighting.
Author: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Publisher: Food & Agriculture Org. ISBN: 925107920X Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 139
Book Description
Greenhouse gas emissions by the livestock sector could be cut by as much as 30 percent through the wider use of existing best practices and technologies. FAO conducted a detailed analysis of GHG emissions at multiple stages of various livestock supply chains, including the production and transport of animal feed, on-farm energy use, emissions from animal digestion and manure decay, as well as the post-slaughter transport, refrigeration and packaging of animal products. This report represents the most comprehensive estimate made to-date of livestocks contribution to global warming as well as the sectors potential to help tackle the problem. This publication is aimed at professionals in food and agriculture as well as policy makers.
Author: Ms.Dora Benedek Publisher: International Monetary Fund ISBN: 1513586351 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 41
Book Description
This paper estimates the pass through of VAT changes to consumer prices, using a unique dataset providing disaggregated, monthly data on prices and VAT rates for 17 Eurozone countries over 1999-2013. Pass through is much less than full on average, and differs markedly across types of VAT change. For changes in the standard rate, for instance, final pass through is about 100 percent; for reduced rates it is significantly less, at around 30 percent; and for reclassifications it is essentially zero. We also find: differing dynamics of pass through for durables and non-durables; no significant difference in pass through between rate increases and decreases; signs of non-monotonicity in the relationship between pass through and the breadth of the consumption base affected; and indications of significant anticipation effects together with some evidence of lagged effects in the two years around reform. The results are robust against endogeneity and attenuation bias.
Author: I. Elmadfa Publisher: Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers ISBN: 3805592973 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 427
Book Description
The main objective of the report at hand was to gather available and authorized data, both published and unpublished, on the nutrition and health situation in the countries of the European Union (EU). Whereas the first report, released in 2004, included 13 EU member states and Norway, the 2009 edition covers 24 EU member states and Norway. For the collection of data, the researchers concentrated on the following points: The description of trends in food supply in the EU, focusing also on the different regions; the comparison of average daily individual food availability at household level; the evaluation of individual food consumption and energy and nutrient intake; the description of data on diet-related health indicators and status; and the analysis of food and nutrition policies in countries of the European Union. Throughout, the impact of age and gender is emphasized, and special attention is being paid to the different regions of the EU. The broad scope of the subjects covered and the improved quality of the data collected make the European Nutrition and Health Report 2009 an accurate documentation and sound source of information. Providing a basis for the work of the institutions responsible for health and nutrition policy, it is especially suitable for use in international comparisons of the nutrition and health situation.
Author: Harry Aiking Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 9781402040627 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 256
Book Description
Sustainable Protein Production and Consumption: Pigs or Peas? is a book that presents and explores the PROFETAS programme for development of a more sustainable food system by studying the feasibility of substituting meat with plant based alternatives. The emphasis is on improving the food system by reducing the use of energy, land, and freshwater, at the same time limiting the impacts on health and animal welfare associated with intensive livestock production. It is clear that such a new perspective calls not only for advanced environmental and technological research, but also for in-depth societal research, as the acceptance of new food systems is critically contingent on perceptions and attitudes of modern consumers. In this unique multidisciplinary setting, PROFETAS has opened up pathways for a major transition in protein food production and consumption, not by just analyzing the food chain, but rather by exploring the entire agricultural system, including biomass for energy production and the use of increasingly scarce freshwater resources. The study presented here is intended to benefit every stakeholder in the food chain from policymakers to consumers, and it offers guiding principles for a transition towards an ecologically and socially sustainable food system from a multi-level perspective.
Author: Clara Aulich
Author: Clara Aulich
Author: David Klenert
Author: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
Author: 
Author: Michael Z. Hauschild
Author: Henning Steinfeld
Author: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
Author: Ms.Dora Benedek
Author: I. Elmadfa
Author: Harry Aiking