Pollutant Migration Through Clay Soils PDF Download

Author: University of Sydney. School of Civil and Mining Engineering
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Clay soils
Languages : en
Pages : 17

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Author: Domenico Petruzzelli
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3642778623
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 520

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Book Description
Experts in soil and environmental sciences as well as in the theory of wave propagation and numerical modeling methods provide a comprehensive account of different aspects of pollutant migration in soils, aquifers, and other geological formations. Emphasis is laid on the analysis of contributing phenomena and their interactions, modeling, and the practical use of such knowledge and models for guidance in disposal operations, preventive measures to minimize ecological damage, prediction of consequences of seepage, and design of remedial actions. Topics covered include the chemical behavior of soils, sorption and retardation, biochemistry of pollutants, ion exchange and kinetics of reactions in soils, measurement of adsorption and desorption, multiphase hydrodynamics, multicomponent wave theory and the coherence concept, nonlinear wave propagation in geological formations, multiphase convective transport, diffusion and fast reaction, modeling pollutant transport, numerical methods, dispersion of contaminants from landfills, risk analysis, water reuse, and radioactive soil contamination at Chernobyl.

Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309086256
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 433

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Bioavailability refers to the extent to which humans and ecological receptors are exposed to contaminants in soil or sediment. The concept of bioavailability has recently piqued the interest of the hazardous waste industry as an important consideration in deciding how much waste to clean up. The rationale is that if contaminants in soil and sediment are not bioavailable, then more contaminant mass can be left in place without creating additional risk. A new NRC report notes that the potential for the consideration of bioavailability to influence decision-making is greatest where certain chemical, environmental, and regulatory factors align. The current use of bioavailability in risk assessment and hazardous waste cleanup regulations is demystified, and acceptable tools and models for bioavailability assessment are discussed and ranked according to seven criteria. Finally, the intimate link between bioavailability and bioremediation is explored. The report concludes with suggestions for moving bioavailability forward in the regulatory arena for both soil and sediment cleanup.

Author: Mohammad Reza Sabour
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Clay soils
Languages : en
Pages : 0

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Book Description
The fate of contaminant migration through the subsurface environment as well as their potential hazard to humans, animals, and aquatic life has become one of the major current concerns of the scientific community. Accordingly, various theoretical and experimental studies have been conducted on the saturated soil by many researchers. The literature review emphasizes that the problem of the unsaturated transport of contaminants through porous media has received little attention. Thus, the present work is carried out to contribute to the study of heavy metals migration within unsaturated clay soil through mathematical modeling of the mechanisms and parameters which influence the transport phenomenon. For successful modeling, it is imperative that parameters which affect the transport phenomenon be investigated and determined properly. Hence, the study was conducted through two principal parts. The first part is an experimental investigation to quantify the various soil-water (solution) interactions that have an effect on the flow and contaminant transport and to derive the constitutive relationships required in mathematical modeling. The second part develops a contaminant migration mathematical model which includes unsaturated flow, hydrodynamic dispersion, and physico-chemical reaction between the solid and the liquid phase, employing the theory of mass transport. The experimental investigation contains two main sets of laboratory tests: (i) some independent tests in order to isolate and better understand the individual processes, and (ii) some tests on experimental models of the real phenomena to verify the related parameters in a combined kinetic situation. The results of all experiments are followed by discussion, in order to better understand the phenomenon behavior, and to realize the relationships among the various processes. Based on the above mechanisms, the governing equations of the problem are derived to provide a quantitative account of the behavior of the phenomenon. Finally, a finite volume algorithm is developed, on the basis of the mathematical model, in order to solve the contaminant transport equations numerically. Using experimental results, the numerical model is then calibrated and verified. The developed computer code provides the ability to predict the contaminant migration for any depth and period of time. Based on this capability the concentration variations of the solution along the soil profile, especially for long time periods, are predicted and illustrated.

Author: Hillel Rubin
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3662036746
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 428

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The Water Research Institute at the Technion (Israel Institute of Technology) is proud to have initiated and sponsored the International Workshop "Soil and Aquifer Pollution: Non-Aqueous Phase Liquids - Contamination and Recla- tion", held May 13th-15th, 1996, on the Technion campus in Haifa. Groundwater contamination is one of the pressing issues facing Israel and other countries which depend on groundwater for water supply. In Israel, 60% of the water supply comes from groundwater, most of it from two large aquifers. The Coastal Aquifer underlies the area where the largest concentration of human activity already takes place, and where much of future development is expected to occur. It is a phreatic sandstone aquifer, vulnerable to pollution from activities at the surface. The Mountain Aquifer is recharged in the higher terrain to the east, and flows, first in a phreatic zone, then confined, westward and underneath the Coastal Aquifer. This limestone aquifer has higher permeabilities and flow velo- ties, so pollution can reach the groundwater quite readily. Smaller local aquifers are also important components in the national water system. While measures are taken to protect these aquifers from pollution, there are locations where contamination has already occurred. Furthermore, accidental pollution may not be totally avoided in the future. Therefore, understanding the processes of groundwater contamination, recommending the proper measures for preventing it, and determining the best means for reclamation once pollution has occurred, are of great practical importance. Non-aqueous phase liquids (NAPLs) are among the most significant contaminants.

Author: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
Publisher: Food & Agriculture Org.
ISBN: 9251305056
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 156

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Book Description
This document presents key messages and the state-of-the-art of soil pollution, its implications on food safety and human health. It aims to set the basis for further discussion during the forthcoming Global Symposium on Soil Pollution (GSOP18), to be held at FAO HQ from May 2nd to 4th 2018. The publication has been reviewed by the Intergovernmental Technical Panel on Soil (ITPS) and contributing authors. It addresses scientific evidences on soil pollution and highlights the need to assess the extent of soil pollution globally in order to achieve food safety and sustainable development. This is linked to FAO’s strategic objectives, especially SO1, SO2, SO4 and SO5 because of the crucial role of soils to ensure effective nutrient cycling to produce nutritious and safe food, reduce atmospheric CO2 and N2O concentrations and thus mitigate climate change, develop sustainable soil management practices that enhance agricultural resilience to extreme climate events by reducing soil degradation processes. This document will be a reference material for those interested in learning more about sources and effects of soil pollution.

Author: American Society for Testing and Materials
Publisher: ASTM International
ISBN: 0803109318
Category : Factory and trade waste
Languages : en
Pages : 469

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Author: Mustafa Aral ARAL
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9400902050
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 602

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Book Description
In the past decades, environmental scientists, economists and physicists have been juggling critical issues within environmental strategies and environmental management styles in order to find a feasible medium between limited resources, long term demands and objectives, and interest groups. In the search for best management alternatives, practice has undergone a pendulum swing between stages that can be characterised as frontier economics, radical environmentalism, resource management/allocation, selective environmentalism and sustainable environmental management. The next stage of management must answer such questions as: `Can there be a global - uniform environmental strategy?', or `Based on their characteristics, can different issues, different regions and different applications have unique environmental strategies?' Based on this premise, the next stage of management may be identified as risk based sustainable environmental management. The goal of this style will be the risk based, long term, harmonious management of economic resources and environmental preservation for health, safety and prosperity of sustainable populations. When evaluation of risk or risk based ranking of management alternatives enter the picture as part of the overall puzzle, then social policy, ethics and health issues assume a very important role in the management strategy. Economic incentives and environmental constraints have to be considered harmoniously, the main emphasis being placed on protection and preservation of human health and the long term sustaining of populations.

Author: Wallace H. Fuller
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Waste disposal in the ground
Languages : en
Pages : 8

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Author: T.H. Christensen
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1000143872
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 654

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Book Description
In view of the great demand for information regarding landfills, a series of international reference books on landfilling of waste has been established. This book, the second volume, deals with lining and leachate collection. It consists of edited, selected contributions to the International Symposia on Sanitary Landfills held in Sardinia every second year.