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Author: Gemma Cirac Claveras Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 500
Book Description
This dissertation deals with the technological practices of gathering, production, storage, diffusion and utilization of satellite data in support of studies related to the Earth sciences since the 1980s in France. Within a process that we have called of reconciliation-normalization we illustrate the efforts committed by space technologies promoters (at CNES, CNRS and universities) to enlist more of the scientific community in the execution of space experiments and, particularly, to attract the Earth scientists to enter that domain. Space technologies must get adapted to the current practices and representations of Earth scientists and, at the same time, Earth scientists must learn how to integrate satellite data in their corpus of scientific tools and practices, for the kinds of data that come available are foreign to their previous experience. We illustrate some of the efforts for creating a scientific community convinced that satellite data are credible tools for scientific enquiry. In particular, we analyze the specific mode of handling the data acquired by the radiometer POLDER as a socio-technical figuration borrowed from NASA's practices, which relies on a representation that conducting research in the domain of Earth sciences means analyzing geophysical data and that the world is inherently of geophysical nature. This figuration rises up an epistemic community holding knowledge in a set of technological practices, preconizes a form of data production, storage and delivery and casts a form of mission architecture and planning. Complex and sensitive to priorities in terms of geophysical datasets, this configuration results poorly adapted to the demands of other scientists. We have specifically analyzed the case of climate scientists close to the practice of numerical modeling who interpret data with alternative approaches and require access in other forms, sometimes opposed to the "norm".
Author: Gemma Cirac Claveras Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 500
Book Description
This dissertation deals with the technological practices of gathering, production, storage, diffusion and utilization of satellite data in support of studies related to the Earth sciences since the 1980s in France. Within a process that we have called of reconciliation-normalization we illustrate the efforts committed by space technologies promoters (at CNES, CNRS and universities) to enlist more of the scientific community in the execution of space experiments and, particularly, to attract the Earth scientists to enter that domain. Space technologies must get adapted to the current practices and representations of Earth scientists and, at the same time, Earth scientists must learn how to integrate satellite data in their corpus of scientific tools and practices, for the kinds of data that come available are foreign to their previous experience. We illustrate some of the efforts for creating a scientific community convinced that satellite data are credible tools for scientific enquiry. In particular, we analyze the specific mode of handling the data acquired by the radiometer POLDER as a socio-technical figuration borrowed from NASA's practices, which relies on a representation that conducting research in the domain of Earth sciences means analyzing geophysical data and that the world is inherently of geophysical nature. This figuration rises up an epistemic community holding knowledge in a set of technological practices, preconizes a form of data production, storage and delivery and casts a form of mission architecture and planning. Complex and sensitive to priorities in terms of geophysical datasets, this configuration results poorly adapted to the demands of other scientists. We have specifically analyzed the case of climate scientists close to the practice of numerical modeling who interpret data with alternative approaches and require access in other forms, sometimes opposed to the "norm".
Author: Penelope Harvey Publisher: Routledge ISBN: 1317224345 Category : Social Science Languages : en Pages : 517
Book Description
Contemporary forms of infrastructural development herald alternative futures through their incorporation of digital technologies, mobile capital, international politics and the promises and fears of enhanced connectivity. In tandem with increasing concerns about climate change and the anthropocene, there is further an urgency around contemporary infrastructural provision: a concern about its fragility, and an awareness that these connective, relational systems significantly shape both local and planetary futures in ways that we need to understand more clearly. Offering a rich set of empirically detailed and conceptually sophisticated studies of infrastructural systems and experiments, present and past, contributors to this volume address both the transformative potential of infrastructural systems and their stasis. Covering infrastructural figures; their ontologies, epistemologies, classifications and politics, and spanning development, urban, energy, environmental and information infrastructures, the chapters explore both the promises and failures of infrastructure. Tracing the experimental histories of a wide range of infrastructures and documenting their variable outcomes, the volume offers a unique set of analytical perspectives on contemporary infrastructural complications. These studies bring a systematic empirical and analytical attention to human worlds as they intersect with more-than-human worlds, whether technological or biological.
Author: Sabine Höhler Publisher: Routledge ISBN: 131731753X Category : History Languages : en Pages : 245
Book Description
The idea of the earth as a vessel in space came of age in an era shaped by space travel and the Cold War. Höhler’s study brings together technology, science and ecology to explore the way this latter-day ark was invoked by politicians, environmentalists, cultural historians, writers of science fiction and many others across three decades.
Author: Gregory A. Good Publisher: Routledge ISBN: 1136760970 Category : History Languages : en Pages : 460
Book Description
The planet as seen by its inhabitants In two millenia, our knowledge of the planet and its natural laws and forces has undergone remarkable changes--from the religious belief of earth as the center of the universe to the modern astronomers' view that it is a mere speck in the cosmos. Now a first-of-its-kind reference work charts this remarkable intellectual progression in our evolving perception of the earth by surveying the history of geology, geography, geophysics, oceanography, meteorology, space science, and many other fields. Covers human understanding of the Earth in various times and cultures The Encyclopedia traces our understanding of the earth and its functioning throughout history, summarizing historical explanations of earthly occurrences, including explanations with no scientific basis. It presents the latest facts and theories, explains how our understanding of the earth has evolved, and shows why many outrageous and fanciful earlier ideas were accepted in their time. The coverage explores the physical phenomena that inform our knowledge, starting at the earth's core and extending outward through the mantle, crust, oceans, and atmosphere to the magnetosphere and beyond. Charts the evolution of our perceptions The primary focus of the Encyclopedia is the history of the study of the earth. It also discusses the institutions that advanced and shaped science and probes the interplay between science, practical applications, and social and political forces. The result is a unified historical overview of the earth across a wide canvas of time and place, from antiquity to the space age. Its wide-ranging articles summarize subjects as diverse as geography and imperialism, environmentalism, computers and meteorology, ozone formation theories since 1800, scientific rocketry, the Scopes trial, and much more. Special Features Shows how diverse disciplines, from geology to space science, fit together in a coherent view of the earth * Explains earlier ideas and theories in the context of the beliefs and scientific knowledge of their time * Spotlights important institutions that have shaped the history of science * Explores relationships between science, practical applications, and sociopolitical concerns * Provides a subject index and an index of scientists with birth/death dates
Author: Timothy M. Kusky Publisher: Infobase Publishing ISBN: 1438128592 Category : Reference Languages : en Pages : 916
Book Description
Provides a comprehensive reference for Earth and space sciences, including entries on climate change, stellar evolution, tsunamis, renewable energy options, and mass wasting.
Author: John Cater Publisher: CRC Press ISBN: 113446889X Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 156
Book Description
Here is a book for everyone who has an interest in how our planet works, what has happened during its 4,550 million year history and what might happen in the future. It tells how Earth scientists study the pattern of events that have shaped the planet and guided the evolution of life on Earth. In clear and simple language it describes how the effec
Author: James Lawrence Powell Publisher: Columbia University Press ISBN: 0231538456 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 385
Book Description
Over the course of the twentieth century, scientists came to accept four counterintuitive yet fundamental facts about the Earth: deep time, continental drift, meteorite impact, and global warming. When first suggested, each proposition violated scientific orthodoxy and was quickly denounced as scientific—and sometimes religious—heresy. Nevertheless, after decades of rejection, scientists came to accept each theory. The stories behind these four discoveries reflect more than the fascinating push and pull of scientific work. They reveal the provocative nature of science and how it raises profound and sometimes uncomfortable truths as it advances. For example, counter to common sense, the Earth and the solar system are older than all of human existence; the interactions among the moving plates and the continents they carry account for nearly all of the Earth's surface features; and nearly every important feature of our solar system results from the chance collision of objects in space. Most surprising of all, we humans have altered the climate of an entire planet and now threaten the future of civilization. This absorbing scientific history is the only book to describe the evolution of these four ideas from heresy to truth, showing how science works in practice and how it inevitably corrects the mistakes of its practitioners. Scientists can be wrong, but they do not stay wrong. In the process, astonishing ideas are born, tested, and over time take root.
Author: Gemma Cirac Claveras
Author: Gemma Cirac Claveras
Author: Penelope Harvey
Author: Sabine Höhler
Author: Gregory A. Good
Author: Timothy M. Kusky
Author: Stephen Marshak
Author: Paul D. Lowman
Author: John Cater
Author: Joe D. Burchfield
Author: James Lawrence Powell