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Author: Maqsood Ahmad Publisher: ISBN: Category : Shale gas reservoirs Languages : en Pages : 194
Book Description
Unconventional shale gas reservoirs are over-mature potential source rocks and possess commercial quantities of hydrocarbons in a mechanism which is different from conventional gas reservoirs. These organically rich shale rocks also known as continuous hydrocarbon reservoirs represent a voluminous, long-term, global source of thermo-genic methane and other hydrocarbon gases and could be referred to as shale gas. Roseneath and Murteree shale formations in Cooper Basin have been identified as potential shale gas reservoirs in South Australia. Core samples from these carbonaceous shales were selected for this study. Petrophysical and mineralogical characterization of shale gas reservoirs is still a challenge due to ultra-fine grained micro-fabric, micro level heterogeneity and anisotropic characteristics of these sedimentary rocks. Unlike conventional gas reservoirs, shale gas reservoirs have very low effective porosity and micro to nano-scale permeability. Conventional standards applications to characterize unconventional gas reservoirs give contradictory results about the mineralogy and rock characteristics, effective and total porosity as well as estimated brine saturation. These uncertainties in the results raised the question, which tools/standards are suitable for petrophysical and mineralogical evaluation of shale gas reservoir. This research outcome tried to answer the above questions and tells how mineralogy and rock characterization, total porosity, reasons of very low effective porosity and saturation which play a key role in selection and development of a shale gas play, can be evaluated and estimated using both conventional and unconventional techniques. The Roseneath and Murteree shale formations in Cooper Basin have been identified as potential shale gas reservoirs in South Australia. Two core samples from these carbonaceous shales intercepted in Della4 and Moomba46 wells were selected for this project. Core samples were used for number of reservoir characterization phases namely, a) minerals quantification and rock classification, b) visual identification and density of pores location in grains and matrix, c) their types, size classification and interconnectivity, d) evaluation of effective and total interstitial/intergranular and intragranular porosity. While log data from Della# 4 was applied in various resistivity models for water saturation estimation in Murteree shale.
Author: Maqsood Ahmad Publisher: ISBN: Category : Shale gas reservoirs Languages : en Pages : 194
Book Description
Unconventional shale gas reservoirs are over-mature potential source rocks and possess commercial quantities of hydrocarbons in a mechanism which is different from conventional gas reservoirs. These organically rich shale rocks also known as continuous hydrocarbon reservoirs represent a voluminous, long-term, global source of thermo-genic methane and other hydrocarbon gases and could be referred to as shale gas. Roseneath and Murteree shale formations in Cooper Basin have been identified as potential shale gas reservoirs in South Australia. Core samples from these carbonaceous shales were selected for this study. Petrophysical and mineralogical characterization of shale gas reservoirs is still a challenge due to ultra-fine grained micro-fabric, micro level heterogeneity and anisotropic characteristics of these sedimentary rocks. Unlike conventional gas reservoirs, shale gas reservoirs have very low effective porosity and micro to nano-scale permeability. Conventional standards applications to characterize unconventional gas reservoirs give contradictory results about the mineralogy and rock characteristics, effective and total porosity as well as estimated brine saturation. These uncertainties in the results raised the question, which tools/standards are suitable for petrophysical and mineralogical evaluation of shale gas reservoir. This research outcome tried to answer the above questions and tells how mineralogy and rock characterization, total porosity, reasons of very low effective porosity and saturation which play a key role in selection and development of a shale gas play, can be evaluated and estimated using both conventional and unconventional techniques. The Roseneath and Murteree shale formations in Cooper Basin have been identified as potential shale gas reservoirs in South Australia. Two core samples from these carbonaceous shales intercepted in Della4 and Moomba46 wells were selected for this project. Core samples were used for number of reservoir characterization phases namely, a) minerals quantification and rock classification, b) visual identification and density of pores location in grains and matrix, c) their types, size classification and interconnectivity, d) evaluation of effective and total interstitial/intergranular and intragranular porosity. While log data from Della# 4 was applied in various resistivity models for water saturation estimation in Murteree shale.
Author: Jianchao Cai Publisher: Elsevier ISBN: 0128172894 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 354
Book Description
Petrophysical Characterization and Fluids Transport in Unconventional Reservoirs presents a comprehensive look at these new methods and technologies for the petrophysical characterization of unconventional reservoirs, including recent theoretical advances and modeling on fluids transport in unconventional reservoirs. The book is a valuable tool for geoscientists and engineers working in academia and industry. Many novel technologies and approaches, including petrophysics, multi-scale modelling, rock reconstruction and upscaling approaches are discussed, along with the challenge of the development of unconventional reservoirs and the mechanism of multi-phase/multi-scale flow and transport in these structures. Includes both practical and theoretical research for the characterization of unconventional reservoirs Covers the basic approaches and mechanisms for enhanced recovery techniques in unconventional reservoirs Presents the latest research in the fluid transport processes in unconventional reservoirs
Author: Kumar Hemant Singh Publisher: Springer Nature ISBN: 9811312117 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 299
Book Description
This book presents selected articles from the workshop on "Challenges in Petrophysical Evaluation and Rock Physics Modeling of Carbonate Reservoirs" held at IIT Bombay in November 2017. The articles included explore the challenges associated with using well-log data, core data analysis, and their integration in the qualitative and quantitative assessment of petrophysical and elastic properties in carbonate reservoirs. The book also discusses the recent trends and advances in the area of research and development of carbonate reservoir characterization, both in industry and academia. Further, it addresses the challenging concept of porosity portioning, which has huge implications for exploration and development success in these complex reservoirs, enabling readers to understand the varying orders of deposition and diagenesis and also to model the flow and elastic properties.
Author: Reza Rezaee Publisher: John Wiley & Sons ISBN: 1119039207 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 420
Book Description
Provides comprehensive information about the key exploration, development and optimization concepts required for gas shale reservoirs Includes statistics about gas shale resources and countries that have shale gas potential Addresses the challenges that oil and gas industries may confront for gas shale reservoir exploration and development Introduces petrophysical analysis, rock physics, geomechanics and passive seismic methods for gas shale plays Details shale gas environmental issues and challenges, economic consideration for gas shale reservoirs Includes case studies of major producing gas shale formations
Author: Levent Yildirim Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
Gas shale is a fine grained clastic, fissile sedimentary rock of gray/black color formed by consolidation of clays and silts. Successful petrophysical evaluation and stimulation treatments with horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing enable economic shale gas production. Shale gas development has contributed about 35 % of natural gas supply in US in 2013.Detailed evaluation of gas shales before and after stimulation treatments is a prerequisite to optimize gas production. Complex pore network in gas shales may result in inaccurate evaluation of petrophysical properties with traditional petrophysical models. Therefore, in this research we proposed a new methodology comprising a new understanding of evaluation of porosity, maturity analysis, geomechanical properties and initial gas in place calculations of gas shale via well logs and core analysis based on a new petrophysical model. We applied the methodology in a case study to investigate a Marcellus shale well in evaluating maturity, porosity and geomechanical properties to calculate initial gas in place and reserves and optimize stimulation designs. In the second part of this study, we conducted acoustic travel time measurements of Green River shale samples parallel and perpendicular to bedding plane before and after interaction with water to observe how shale interacts with water at different interaction times and bedding planes by analyzing change in acoustic velocity and mechanical properties before and after treatment to optimize stimulation designs. X-Ray diffraction analysis, scanning electron microscope imaging and horizontal and vertical permeability measurements of Green River shale samples using helium are conducted to characterize the samples by observing mineralogy, pore network and how permeability changes at different in-situ conditions. Therefore, the first and second parts of this research relate with utilization of well logs and core analysis to evaluate petrophysical properties of different gas shale formations.Maturity analysis, porosity evaluation and initial gas in place results of field case study of Marcellus shale show that total organic carbon content directly relates with porosity and adsorbed gas in place occupied in organic matter. Comparison of young's modulus and minimum in-situ stress values between Marcellus shale zone and adjacent boundaries are used for determination of stimulation interval in Marcellus Formation. An effective hydraulic fracturing treatment can be applied within the upper Marcellus Formation because of relatively higher minimum in-situ stress contrast between Stafford Limestone and upper Marcellus Formation. Closer porosity results of Marcellus shale when compared to that in literature and sufficient reserves suggest that density/resistivity separation method is more reliable than sonic/resistivity separation method. X-Ray diffraction and SEM images suggest that Green River Formation samples are dominantly comprised of carbonate minerals. Permeability measurements indicate that Green River Formation samples having very low permeability at various confining stresses needs to be stimulated effectively. Acoustic travel time measurements of Green River shale before and after interaction with water show that compressional and shear velocities increase as confining stress increases. Shear, young's and bulk modulus of Green River shale increase resulting in more rigid samples having more fracture conductivity as confining stress increases. Compressional and shear velocities decrease as Green River shale is exposed to water since minerals are dissolved by water solution and salinity of the samples decrease so that shear, young's and bulk modulus of the samples slightly decrease resulting in less rigid samples having lower fracture conductivity.The new methodology of petrophysical evaluation of gas shale based on the new petrophysical model serves a new understanding of evaluation of maturity analysis, porosity and mechanical properties and initial gas in place calculations of gas shale by utilizing well logs in field and core analysis in laboratory.
Author: Haryanto Adiguna Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 224
Book Description
The estimation of porosity, water saturation, kerogen concentration, and mineral composition is an integral part of unconventional shale reservoir formation evaluation. Porosity, water saturation, and kerogen content determine the amount of hydrocarbon-in-place while mineral composition affects hydro-fracture generation and propagation. Effective hydraulic fracturing is a basic requirement for economically viable flow of gas in very-low permeability shales. Brittle shales are favorable for initiation and propagation of hydraulic fracture because they require marginal or no plastic deformation. By contrast, ductile shales tend to oppose fracture propagation and can heal hydraulic fractures. Silica and carbonate-rich shales often exhibit brittle behavior while clay-rich shales tend to be ductile. Many operating companies have turned their attention to neutron capture gamma-ray spectroscopy (NCS) logs for assessing in-situ mineral composition. The NCS tool converts the energy spectrum of neutron-induced captured gamma-rays into relative elemental yields and subsequently transforms them to dry-weight elemental fractions. However, NCS logs are not usually included in a well-logging suite due to cost, tool availability, and borehole conditions. Conventional well logs are typically acquired as a minimum logging program because they provide geologists and petrophysicists with the basic elements for tops identification, stratigraphic correlation, and net-pay determination. Most petrophysical interpretation techniques commonly used to quantify mineral composition from conventional well logs are based on the assumption that lithology is dominated by one or two minerals. In organic shale formations, these techniques are ineffective because all well logs are affected by large variations of mineralogy and pore structure. Even though it is difficult to separate the contribution from each mineral and fluid component on well logs using conventional interpretation methods, well logs still bear essential petrophysical properties that can be estimated using an inversion method. This thesis introduces an inversion-based workflow to estimate mineral and fluid concentrations of shale gas formations using conventional well logs. The workflow starts with the construction and calibration of a mineral model based on core analysis of crushed samples and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). We implement a mineral grouping approach that reduces the number of unknowns to be estimated by the inversion without loss of accuracy in the representation of the main minerals. The second step examines various methods that can provide good initial values for the inversion. For example, a reliable prediction of kerogen concentration can be obtained using the [Delta]logR method (Passey et al., 1990) as well as an empirical correlation with gamma-ray or uranium logs. After the mineral model is constructed and a set of initial values are established, nonlinear joint inversion estimates mineral and fluid concentrations from conventional well logs. An iterative refinement of the mineral model can be necessary depending on formation complexity and data quality. The final step of the workflow is to perform rock classification to identify favorable production zones. These zones are selected based on their hydrocarbon potential inferred from inverted petrophysical properties. Two synthetic examples with known mineral compositions and petrophysical properties are described to illustrate the application of inversion. The impact of shoulder-bed effects on inverted properties is examined for the two inversion modes: depth-by-depth and layer-by-layer. This thesis also documents several case studies from Haynesville and Barnett shales where the proposed workflow was successfully implemented and is in good agreement with core measurements and NCS logs. The field examples confirm the accuracy and reliability of nonlinear inversion to estimate porosity, water saturation, kerogen concentration, and mineral composition.
Author: Reza Rezaee Publisher: John Wiley & Sons ISBN: 1118645790 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 417
Book Description
Provides comprehensive information about the key exploration, development and optimization concepts required for gas shale reservoirs Includes statistics about gas shale resources and countries that have shale gas potential Addresses the challenges that oil and gas industries may confront for gas shale reservoir exploration and development Introduces petrophysical analysis, rock physics, geomechanics and passive seismic methods for gas shale plays Details shale gas environmental issues and challenges, economic consideration for gas shale reservoirs Includes case studies of major producing gas shale formations
Author: Bodhisatwa Hazra Publisher: Springer ISBN: 3030130428 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 142
Book Description
This book details the analytical processes, and interpretation of the resulting data, needed in order to achieve a comprehensive source-rock evaluation of organic-rich shales. The authors employ case studies on Permian and Cretaceous shales from various Indian basins and other petroleum-bearing basins around the world to illustrate the key features of their organic-rich shale characterization methodology. These case studies may also help to identify potential zones within shale formations that could be exploited for commercial gas and/or oil production. Given its scope, the book will be of interest to all researchers working in the field of source-rock analysis. In addition, the source-rock evaluation techniques – and the various intricacies associated with them – discussed here offer valuable material for postgraduate geology courses.
Author: Maqsood Ahmad
Author: Maqsood Ahmad
Author: Jianchao Cai
Author: Kumar Hemant Singh
Author: Reza Rezaee
Author: Levent Yildirim
Author: Haryanto Adiguna
Author: Reza Rezaee
Author: Bodhisatwa Hazra
Author: John Breyer
Author: Quinn R. Passey