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Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 33
Book Description
Based on column tests conducted between February and June 1997, NERL recommended that in terms of effectiveness in achieving cleanup standards and kinetics, a pyrite-iron combination ranked as the best reactive medium (EPA, 1997). Based on this recommendation, in December 1997 Battelle designed and installed a funnel-and-gate type permeable barrier with two gates. Both gates consist of a reactive cell containing granular iron, preceded by a pre-treatment zone (PTZ). The PTZ in Gate 1 consists of a 1% iron-sand mixture; the PTZ in Gate 2 consists of a 10% pyrite-sand mixture. The aim of the PTZ is to improve the longevity of the reactive medium by scrubbing out oxygen from the groundwater before it reaches the 100% iron zone. In the column tests, EPA also reported potential for pH control when pyrite was used. Dissolved oxygen and high pH are detrimental to the longevity of the reactive medium because these conditions promote the formation of precipitates on the granular iron surfaces, thus potentially altering the reactivity and hydraulic performance of the barrier.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 33
Book Description
Based on column tests conducted between February and June 1997, NERL recommended that in terms of effectiveness in achieving cleanup standards and kinetics, a pyrite-iron combination ranked as the best reactive medium (EPA, 1997). Based on this recommendation, in December 1997 Battelle designed and installed a funnel-and-gate type permeable barrier with two gates. Both gates consist of a reactive cell containing granular iron, preceded by a pre-treatment zone (PTZ). The PTZ in Gate 1 consists of a 1% iron-sand mixture; the PTZ in Gate 2 consists of a 10% pyrite-sand mixture. The aim of the PTZ is to improve the longevity of the reactive medium by scrubbing out oxygen from the groundwater before it reaches the 100% iron zone. In the column tests, EPA also reported potential for pH control when pyrite was used. Dissolved oxygen and high pH are detrimental to the longevity of the reactive medium because these conditions promote the formation of precipitates on the granular iron surfaces, thus potentially altering the reactivity and hydraulic performance of the barrier.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
The primary objective of this project was to test the performance of two different reactive media in the same aquifer. To satisfy this objective, Battelle designed, constructed, and monitored a pilot-scale permeable reactive barrier (PRB) in Area 5 at Dover Air Force Base, DE. The PRB was installed in December 1997 to treat a perchloroethylene plume and was monitored over 18 months of operation. The PRB is a funnel-and-gate system with two gates. Both gates contain granular iron as the reactive medium an were installed with the use of caissons. Gate 1 had a pretreatment zone (PTZ) consisting of 10% iron and sand, and Gate 2 had a PTZ consist in of 10% pyrite and sand. The PTZs were designed to remove dissolved oxygen before it entered the 100% iron reactive cell. The pyrite PTZ had the proposed benefit of pH control. However, monitoring showed that the reduced pH in the pyrite PTZ could not be sustained in the 100% iron reactive cell. The PRB is functioning as designed in terms of chlorinated solvent reduction, hydraulic performance, and geochemistry. The use of caissons was found to be a viable method for installing a PRB in the midst of several utility lines and in a relatively deep aquifer.
Author: K.E. Roehl Publisher: Gulf Professional Publishing ISBN: 0080535615 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 345
Book Description
While extensive research has been performed on many technological aspects of permeable reactive barriers and a number of contaminants have so far been successfully treated by PRB systems, long-term performance has not been extensively considered and little is known about the processes influencing long-term behaviour. This gap in our knowledge is all the more disadvantageous as design life has a decisive influence on the economic viability of PRBs. The book describes methods for evaluation and enhancement of the long-term performance of PRB systems, especially of those targeting heavy metals, specifically uranium, and organic contaminants by sorption and/or precipitation mechanisms. Major topics in the book are: Selection and characterisation of suitable reactive materials Characterisation of the relevant contaminant attenuation processes Developing new contaminant-binding chemical compounds ("ligands") Accelerated testing methods to assess the long-term performance of the attenuation mechanisms in PRBs Evaluation of the influence of site characteristics on PRB performance Monitoring of existing and new field installations Coupling of electrokinetic techniques and PRB systems Large-scale laboratory and field tests and their results It addresses the long-term performance of PRBs, an important feature of this novel remediation technology, systematically. It deals extensively with heavy metal removal, with special emphasis on uranium. A number of case studies, experiences with large-scale modelling and test site experiments provide insight into the practical application of the results. This volume will contribute to the science underpinning groundwater remediation, and this will result in the improvement of quality of life and health and safety. * A systematic approach to investigating the long-term performance of permeable reactive barriers * Development of new contaminant-binding chemical compounds ("ligands"), accelerated testing methods to assess the long-term performance, and efficiency enhancing electrokinetic techniques * Extensive data and information on a Hungarian uranium mining facility; once a carefully kept secret of the Soviet Union
Author: Ravi Naidu Publisher: CRC Press ISBN: 1482224488 Category : Nature Languages : en Pages : 333
Book Description
Remediation of groundwater is complex and often challenging. But the cost of pump and treat technology, coupled with the dismal results achieved, has paved the way for newer, better technologies to be developed. Among these techniques is permeable reactive barrier (PRB) technology, which allows groundwater to pass through a buried porous barrier that either captures the contaminants or breaks them down. And although this approach is gaining popularity, there are few references available on the subject. Until now. Permeable Reactive Barrier: Sustainable Groundwater Remediation brings together the information required to plan, design/model, and apply a successful, cost-effective, and sustainable PRB technology. With contributions from pioneers in this area, the book covers state-of-the-art information on PRB technology. It details design criteria, predictive modeling, and application to contaminants beyond petroleum hydrocarbons, including inorganics and radionuclides. The text also examines implementation stages such as the initial feasibility assessment, laboratory treatability studies (including column studies), estimation of PRB design parameters, and development of a long-term monitoring network for the performance evaluation of the barrier. It also outlines the predictive tools required for life cycle analysis and cost/performance assessment. A review of current PRB technology and its applications, this book includes case studies that exemplify the concepts discussed. It helps you determine when to recommend PRB, what information is needed from the site investigation to design it, and what regulatory validation is required.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
Battelle, under contract to the Air Force, has prepared a comprehensive update to the February 1997 version of a design guidance document for the proposed use of site managers, contractors, and regulators. The design guidance covers permeable barrier application to sites with contaminated groundwater. The document does not purport to replace the scientific judgment of the on-site engineer or hydrogeologist, but provides guidance on the issues and options that need to be considered based on the current understanding of the technology. The guidance addresses design, construction, and monitoring of permeable barriers in various hydrogeologic settings. This update includes the lessons learned during the design, construction, and monitoring of a permeable reactive barrier at Dover AFB, DE, as well as progress made at other sites. It also includes the advances in the technology since the completion of the previous version of the report.
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Author: K.E. Roehl
Author: Richard T. Wilkin
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Author: Ravi Naidu
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Author: Richard T. Wilkin
Author: Environmental Protection Agency