Patterns of SIV Coreceptor Use PDF Download

Author: Aimee Edinger
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 134

View

Book Description

Author: Sarah T. C. Elliott
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 366

View

Book Description
Natural host sooty mangabeys infected with simian immunodeficiency viruses (SIV) exhibit high plasma viral loads without widespread CD4+ T cell loss. By contrast, non-natural host rhesus macaques experimentally infected with related SIV exhibit high viral loads but display subsequent CD4+ T cell loss and progression to AIDS, analogous to the effects of HIV-1 infection in humans. Several mechanisms have been proposed to explain these discrepant outcomes, including infection of distinct target cells in vivo. Cell targeting is substantially determined at the level of viral entry. Prior work demonstrated that sooty mangabey infection occurs in the absence of functional coreceptor CCR5, implicating alternative SIV entry pathways in this natural host. In this thesis, I identified host-dependent patterns of SIV coreceptor use that distinguish viral entry in sooty mangabeys from viral entry in rhesus macaques. I cloned and characterized a panel of putative sooty mangabey coreceptors. Transfected target cells expressing species-specific CD4 and coreceptors identified sooty mangabey CCR5, CXCR6, and GPR15 as functional coreceptors of SIV in vitro. While rhesus macaque CCR5 and GPR15 also supported robust SIV infection in vitro, rhesus macaque CXCR6 was a remarkably poor coreceptor of SIV. Using CCR5 antagonist Maraviroc to block CCR5-mediated infection in primary peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), I determined that SIV were highly CCR5-dependent in rhesus macaque PBMCs, whereas SIV were partially CCR5-independent in sooty mangabey PBMCs, implicating alternative coreceptors in infection of the natural host primary cells. A chemokine ligand of CXCR6, CXCL16, partially attenuated SIV infection of sooty mangabey PBMCs, indicating that sooty mangabey CXCR6 was indeed an alternative coreceptor of some SIV in primary sooty mangabey cells. Collectively, these data define coreceptor use as a host determinant distinguishing sooty mangabey SIV infection from rhesus macaque SIV infection in primary cells. Because CD4 + T cells from sooty mangabeys express exceedingly low levels of CCR5 relative to CD4+ T cells from rhesus macaques, the expression patterns of CXCR6 and other alterative coreceptor(s) in sooty mangabey CD4+ cell subsets may classify host target cells that maintain high levels of SIV replication without leading to loss of CD4+ T cell homeostasis.

Author: Gianfranco Pancino
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0123877164
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 361

View

Book Description
A successful vaccine for the prevention and/or immunotherapy against HIV/AIDS is one of the prominent challenges of the 21st century. To date, all human vaccine trials against this virus/disease have resulted in failure, or at best have shown very low efficacy. The scientific community dealing with HIV/AIDS has unanimously proposed a focus on basic science, with the intention of identifying correlates of protection that can serve as guides in developing and evaluating vaccine preparation. However, Nature seems to have already found several ways of dealing with infections by HIV and related primate lentiviruses, either by resisting infection or, once infected, avoiding immune damage and immunodeficiency. Models of Protection Against HIV/SIV will allow for an in-depth reflection on the perspectives for vaccine and therapy research derived from important recent studies. It will be authored by some of the most well known specialists in the field of HIV resistance/protection: including F. Barré-Sinoussi (2008 Nobel Prize for Medicine winner), B. Walker, S. Rowland-Jones, A. Telenti, M. Lederman and F. Plummer. This book is structured in a unique way, looking at three models of resistance/protection separately and then comparing the models against one another to provide its readership with a detailed examination of the research that is most predominant in the search for a vaccine. This structure presents the information in an easy-to-understand format and gives the book a cross-discipline appeal -- an important reference for those in the scientific community, medical care, public health and academia alike. Provides extensive descriptions and comparisons on the different models of protection agains HIV/AIDS Comprehensive writing and illustrations Contributors are among the most eminent specialists in the field

Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : AIDS (Disease)
Languages : en
Pages : 646

View

Book Description

Author:
Publisher: DIANE Publishing
ISBN: 1428918124
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 1346

View

Book Description

Author: Aftab A. Ansari
Publisher: Newnes
ISBN: 0124051677
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 415

View

Book Description
Natural Hosts of SIV: Implications in AIDS thoroughly reviews the possible mechanisms by which African nonhuman primate natural hosts of lentiviruses remain essentially disease-free while other hosts exhibit disease and death. The book ultimately indicates directions for further research and potential translations of this compelling phenomenon into novel approaches to treat and prevent HIV. When Asian non-human primate non-natural hosts are experimentally infected with viruses isolated from African species, disease and death normally results. Meanwhile, these African nonhuman primate natural hosts maintain similar levels of plasma and cellular viremia and exhibit compellingly different, essentially disease-free, states. This work attempts to answer the question of how the natural host remains disease resistant. Summarizes the past 30 years of research in this field and describes the latest developments in AIDS research using nonhuman primate animal models Provides insights into how this large body of scientific work can be translated into novel approaches to treat and prevent HIV Highlights the areas that merit future pursuit, focusing on potential applications for the treatment and prevention of HIV infection

Author: Paul Shapshak
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3030290220
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 671

View

Book Description
Global Virology, Volume III: Virology in the 21st Century examines work that has been undertaken, or is planned, in several fields of virology, in an effort to promote current and future work, research, and health. Fields and methods addressed include virology, immunology, space research, astrovirology/astrobiology, plasmids, swarm intelligence, bioinformatics, data-mining, machine learning, neural networks, critical equations, and advances in biohazard biocontainment. Novel and forward-looking methods, techniques, and approaches in research and development are presented by experts in the field.

Author:
Publisher: ScholarlyEditions
ISBN: 1464935165
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 97

View

Book Description
Simian Retroviruses: Advances in Research and Application: 2011 Edition is a ScholarlyBrief™ that delivers timely, authoritative, comprehensive, and specialized information about Simian Retroviruses in a concise format. The editors have built Simian Retroviruses: Advances in Research and Application: 2011 Edition on the vast information databases of ScholarlyNews.™ You can expect the information about Simian Retroviruses in this eBook to be deeper than what you can access anywhere else, as well as consistently reliable, authoritative, informed, and relevant. The content of Simian Retroviruses: Advances in Research and Application: 2011 Edition has been produced by the world’s leading scientists, engineers, analysts, research institutions, and companies. All of the content is from peer-reviewed sources, and all of it is written, assembled, and edited by the editors at ScholarlyEditions™ and available exclusively from us. You now have a source you can cite with authority, confidence, and credibility. More information is available at http://www.ScholarlyEditions.com/.

Author: Brian W.J. Mahy
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0123751454
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 636

View

Book Description
This volume contains 81 chapters that relate to veterinary and bacterial virology. The first section describes general features of farm and other animals of agricultural importance. The following three sections detail other animal viruses, avian viruses, and viruses affecting aquatic species such as fish and crustaceans. The Section five deals with viruses which infect bacteria. The most comprehensive single-volume source providing an overview of virology issues related to animal and bateria Bridges the gap between basic undergraduate texts and specialized reviews Concise and general overviews of important topics within the field will help in preparation of lectures, writing reports, or drafting grant applications

Author: Luca Vangelista
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 2832506585
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 181

View

Book Description