Patterns and Drivers of Carbon Cycling in Streams and Rivers PDF Download

Author: Erin R. Hotchkiss
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781303424083
Category : Carbon cycle (Biogeochemistry)
Languages : en
Pages : 134

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Book Description
Freshwater ecosystems connect terrestrial, atmospheric, and ocean carbon (C) cycles. In addition to having high rates of internal (autochthonous) C fixation via photosynthesis, freshwater ecosystems also actively process and transport upstream and terrestrial C inputs. Ignoring the role of freshwater biological processes in larger C budgets may falsely identify different land regions as sinks or sources of CO2 because freshwater ecosystems (excluded from these budgets but embedded in the terrestrial ecosystems) store, transform, and release substantial amounts of terrestrial and autochthonous C. To include C cycling by freshwater ecosystems in regional and global C budgets, scientists must understand how biological processes, linked with the biological availability of different C sources, control C uptake and availability in freshwater ecosystems. I used a combination of whole-ecosystem and biological assay measurements, linked with ecosystem process modeling, to better understand the role of ecosystem metabolism and autochthonous C in driving whole-ecosystem patterns of C cycling. Questions of interest included: How much higher is daytime respiration than nighttime in streams? To what extent does the availability of autochthonous C prime additional microbial consumption of terrestrial and river dissolved organic C? How do fixation rates of autochthonous C compare with traditional measurements of ecosystem metabolism? What is the fate of autochthonous C in streams? I found evidence for high daytime respiration in streams, priming of terrestrial and river C by river microbes, and rapid cycling of autochthonous C in an open-canopy stream. The ultimate fate of autochthonous and terrestrial C is unknown for most ecosystems, but the relative contribution of autochthonous and terrestrial C is of interest to ecosystem C cycling and food web studies as well as larger C budgets. To inform C budgets, we must first understand patterns and drivers of C cycling in freshwater ecosystems. While linking terrestrial subsidies with freshwater ecosystem dynamics has greatly advanced our knowledge of stream, lake, and river food webs and C cycling, the inclusion of autochthonous C is needed to fully quantify drivers of freshwater C cycling and the role of freshwater ecosystems in larger C budgets.

Author: Jeremy B. Jones
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0124059198
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 566

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Book Description
Stream Ecosystems in a Changing Environment synthesizes the current understanding of stream ecosystem ecology, emphasizing nutrient cycling and carbon dynamics, and providing a forward-looking perspective regarding the response of stream ecosystems to environmental change. Each chapter includes a section focusing on anticipated and ongoing dynamics in stream ecosystems in a changing environment, along with hypotheses regarding controls on stream ecosystem functioning. The book, with its innovative sections, provides a bridge between papers published in peer-reviewed scientific journals and the findings of researchers in new areas of study. Presents a forward-looking perspective regarding the response of stream ecosystems to environmental change Provides a synthesis of the latest findings on stream ecosystems ecology in one concise volume Includes thought exercises and discussion activities throughout, providing valuable tools for learning Offers conceptual models and hypotheses to stimulate conversation and advance research

Author: Thibault Datry
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0128039043
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 624

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Book Description
Intermittent Rivers and Ephemeral Streams: Ecology and Management takes an internationally broad approach, seeking to compare and contrast findings across multiple continents, climates, flow regimes, and land uses to provide a complete and integrated perspective on the ecology of these ecosystems. Coupled with this, users will find a discussion of management approaches applicable in different regions that are illustrated with relevant case studies. In a readable and technically accurate style, the book utilizes logically framed chapters authored by experts in the field, allowing managers and policymakers to readily grasp ecological concepts and their application to specific situations. Provides up-to-date reviews of research findings and management strategies using international examples Explores themes and parallels across diverse sub-disciplines in ecology and water resource management utilizing a multidisciplinary and integrative approach Reveals the relevance of this scientific understanding to managers and policymakers

Author: Nicholas D. Ward
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 2889661547
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 203

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Book Description
The goal of this research topic was to motivate innovative research that blurs traditional disciplinary and geographical boundaries. As the scientific community continues to gain momentum and knowledge about how the natural world functions, it is increasingly important that we recognize the interconnected nature of earth systems and embrace the complexities of ecosystem transitions. We are pleased to present this body of work, which embodies the spirit of research spanning across the terrestrial-aquatic continuum, from mountains to the sea. Publisher’s note: In this 2nd edition, the following article has been updated: Sawakuchi HO, Neu V, Ward ND, Barros MdLC, Valerio AM, Gagne-Maynard W, Cunha AC, Less DFS, Diniz JEM, Brito DC, Krusche AV and Richey JE (2017) Carbon Dioxide Emissions along the Lower Amazon River. Front. Mar. Sci. 4:76. doi: 10.3389/fmars.2017.00076

Author: J. D. H. Strickland
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 120

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Book Description

Author: Adrianne P. Smits
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Carbon cycle (Biogeochemistry)
Languages : en
Pages : 144

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Book Description
Aquatic ecosystem responses to changing climate and land-use are often extremely heterogeneous across landscapes: studies than quantify relationships between watershed features and biogeochemical and food web processes at intermediate scales (e.g., watershed-scale) would provide a means to extrapolate local findings across landscapes, potentially aiding future management efforts. I investigated how watershed features influence the movement of materials and energy between aquatic and terrestrial environments. I worked in a nearly pristine boreal river system in southwest Alaska (Wood River), where a high level of physical heterogeneity, coupled with natural landscape gradients, provided an opportunity to explore watershed geomorphic controls on ecosystem processes in streams. In Chapter 2 I used fatty acid biomarkers as novel tracers of food web pathways to assess how assimilation of heterotrophic bacteria and algae by stream insects varied across a landscape gradient in watershed features. I found that watershed features such as mean slope are correlated with the energetic base of food webs in boreal streams, with algal resources more important in steep streams and bacterial resources more important in flat watersheds. In Chapter 3 I used fatty acid and stable isotope tracers, coupled with several years of growth data, to investigate how stream thermal regimes affected the ability of juvenile coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) to benefit from marine resource subsidies (sockeye salmon eggs). I found that local environmental conditions (mean summer stream temperature) were a stronger control on fish growth than the magnitude of the resource subsidy, but also that individuals varied substantially in their metabolic responses to an energy-rich food source. In Chapter 4 I examined geomorphic controls on the magnitude and sources of stream CO2 emissions from boreal streams. I found that watershed slope interacts with precipitation events to control terrestrial carbon fluxes into and out of streams. Watershed slope influences C loading and stream CO2 fluxes by determining the amount of carbon accumulation in watersheds, and to a lesser extent by determining gas transfer velocity across the air-water interface. These patterns provide a way to extrapolate across boreal landscapes by constraining CO2 concentration and flux estimates by local geomorphic features. In this dissertation I demonstrated that interactions between geomorphology, climate, and organisms produce incredible variability in ecosystem processes (carbon cycling, food web pathways) within a single river system, but that geomorphic features of watersheds regulate that variability.

Author: The BACC II Author Team
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319160060
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 515

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Book Description
​This book is an update of the first BACC assessment, published in 2008. It offers new and updated scientific findings in regional climate research for the Baltic Sea basin. These include climate changes since the last glaciation (approx. 12,000 years ago), changes in the recent past (the last 200 years), climate projections up until 2100 using state-of-the-art regional climate models and an assessment of climate-change impacts on terrestrial, freshwater and marine ecosystems. There are dedicated new chapters on sea-level rise, coastal erosion and impacts on urban areas. A new set of chapters deals with possible causes of regional climate change along with the global effects of increased greenhouse gas concentrations, namely atmospheric aerosols and land-cover change. The evidence collected and presented in this book shows that the regional climate has already started to change and this is expected to continue. Projections of potential future climates show that the region will probably become considerably warmer and wetter in some parts, but dryer in others. Terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems have already shown adjustments to increased temperatures and are expected to undergo further changes in the near future. The BACC II Author Team consists of 141 scientists from 12 countries, covering various disciplines related to climate research and related impacts. BACC II is a project of the Baltic Earth research network and contributes to the World Climate Research Programme.

Author: R. Jan Stevenson
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 9400706081
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 278

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Book Description
Rivers around the world are threatened by changes in land use, climate, hydrologic cycles, and biodiversity. Global changes in rivers include, but are not restricted to water flow interruptions, temperature increases, loss of hydrological connectivity, altered water residence times, changes in nutrient loads, increasing arrival of new chemicals, simplification of the physical structure of the systems, occurrence of invasive species, and biodiversity losses. All of them affect the structure and functioning of the river ecosystem, and thereby, their ecosystem services. Understanding the responses of river ecosystems and their services to global change is essential for protecting human well being in all corners of the planet. Rivers provide critical benefits by providing food from fisheries and irrigation, regulating biogeochemical balances, and enriching our aesthetic and cultural experience. Predicting responses of rivers to global change is challenged by the complexity of interactions among these man-made drivers across a mosaic of natural hydrogeomorphic and climatic settings. This book explores the broad range of determinants defining global change and their effects on river ecosystems. Authors have provided thoughtful and insightful treatments of specific topics that relate to the broader theme of global change regulation of river ecosystems.

Author: Yiqi Luo
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 0429531303
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 602

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Book Description
Carbon moves through the atmosphere, through the oceans, onto land, and into ecosystems. This cycling has a large effect on climate – changing geographic patterns of rainfall and the frequency of extreme weather – and is altered as the use of fossil fuels adds carbon to the cycle. The dynamics of this global carbon cycling are largely predicted over broad spatial scales and long periods of time by Earth system models. This book addresses the crucial question of how to assess, evaluate, and estimate the potential impact of the additional carbon to the land carbon cycle. The contributors describe a set of new approaches to land carbon cycle modeling for better exploring ecological questions regarding changes in carbon cycling; employing data assimilation techniques for model improvement; and doing real- or near-time ecological forecasting for decision support. This book strives to balance theoretical considerations, technical details, and applications of ecosystem modeling for research, assessment, and crucial decision making. Key Features Helps readers understand, implement, and criticize land carbon cycle models Offers a new theoretical framework to understand transient dynamics of land carbon cycle Describes a suite of modeling skills – matrix approach to represent land carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus cycles; data assimilation and machine learning to improve parameterization; and workflow systems to facilitate ecological forecasting Introduces a new set of techniques, such as semi-analytic spin-up (SASU), unified diagnostic system with a 1-3-5 scheme, traceability analysis, and benchmark analysis, for model evaluation and improvement Related Titles Isabel Ferrera, ed. Climate Change and the Oceanic Carbon Cycle: Variables and Consequences (ISBN 978-1-774-63669-5) Lal, R. et al., eds. Soil Processes and the Carbon Cycle (ISBN 978-0-8493-7441-8) Windham-Myers, L., et al., eds. A Blue Carbon Primer: The State of Coastal Wetland Carbon Science, Practice and Policy (ISBN 978-0-367-89352-1)

Author: Jeremy B. Jones
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0080517994
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 447

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Book Description
Streams around the world flow toward the sea in floodplains. All along this transit, there is exchange of water between the stream itself and the surrounding sediments which form the floodplain. Many chemical, biological, and geological processes occur when water moves back and forth between streams and these flood plain sediments. Streams and Groundwaters focuses on the consequences of water flow between streams, their underlying sediments, and surrounding landscapes. Certain to appeal to anyone interested in stream ecology, the management of stream ecosystems, or landscape ecology, this volume should become a oft-opened reference.