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Author: Publisher: World Bank Publications ISBN: 9780195209921 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 268
Book Description
World Development Report 1994 examines the link between infrastructure and development and explores ways in which developing countries can improve both the provision and the quality of infrastructure services. In recent decades, developing countries have made substantial investments in infrastructure, achieving dramatic gains for households and producers by expanding their access to services such as safe water, sanitation, electric power, telecommunications, and transport. Even more infrastructure investment and expansion are needed in order to extend the reach of services - especially to people living in rural areas and to the poor. But as this report shows, the quantity of investment cannot be the exclusive focus of policy. Improving the quality of infrastructure service also is vital. Both quantity and quality improvements are essential to modernize and diversify production, help countries compete internationally, and accommodate rapid urbanization. The report identifies the basic cause of poor past performance as inadequate institutional incentives for improving the provision of infrastructure. To promote more efficient and responsive service delivery, incentives need to be changed through commercial management, competition, and user involvement. Several trends are helping to improve the performance of infrastructure. First, innovation in technology and in the regulatory management of markets makes more diversity possible in the supply of services. Second, an evaluation of the role of government is leading to a shift from direct government provision of services to increasing private sector provision and recent experience in many countries with public-private partnerships is highlighting new ways to increase efficiency and expand services. Third, increased concern about social and environmental sustainability has heightened public interest in infrastructure design and performance.
Author: Publisher: World Bank Publications ISBN: 9780195209921 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 268
Book Description
World Development Report 1994 examines the link between infrastructure and development and explores ways in which developing countries can improve both the provision and the quality of infrastructure services. In recent decades, developing countries have made substantial investments in infrastructure, achieving dramatic gains for households and producers by expanding their access to services such as safe water, sanitation, electric power, telecommunications, and transport. Even more infrastructure investment and expansion are needed in order to extend the reach of services - especially to people living in rural areas and to the poor. But as this report shows, the quantity of investment cannot be the exclusive focus of policy. Improving the quality of infrastructure service also is vital. Both quantity and quality improvements are essential to modernize and diversify production, help countries compete internationally, and accommodate rapid urbanization. The report identifies the basic cause of poor past performance as inadequate institutional incentives for improving the provision of infrastructure. To promote more efficient and responsive service delivery, incentives need to be changed through commercial management, competition, and user involvement. Several trends are helping to improve the performance of infrastructure. First, innovation in technology and in the regulatory management of markets makes more diversity possible in the supply of services. Second, an evaluation of the role of government is leading to a shift from direct government provision of services to increasing private sector provision and recent experience in many countries with public-private partnerships is highlighting new ways to increase efficiency and expand services. Third, increased concern about social and environmental sustainability has heightened public interest in infrastructure design and performance.
Author: Pekka Korhonen Publisher: Routledge ISBN: 1134680090 Category : Social Science Languages : en Pages : 254
Book Description
Japan and Asia Pacific Integration is a study of regional integration in the greater Pacific area during 1968-1996. It examines the political rationale of such international organisations as the Asia Pacific Economic Co-operation (APEC) forum, and the East Asian Economic Caucus (EAEC). There is a focus on Japanese conceptions of regionalism and integration, but the attitudes of other countries such as the United States, Australia, Malaysia and China are also explored.
Author: Lawrence T. Woods Publisher: UBC Press ISBN: 0774844582 Category : Political Science Languages : en Pages : 272
Book Description
The emergence of Asia-Pacific regionalism, as witnessed by the increasing influence of the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation forum and the annual ASEAN Post-Ministerial Conference, highlights one of the major trends in late twentieth-century geopolitics and international relations.
Author: Hilarian M. A. Codippily Publisher: World Bank Publications ISBN: 9780821335543 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 174
Book Description
This sixth annual study focuses on the effects of globalization on developing countries and the growing divide between fast and slow- integrating economies. It describes current trends in integration and answers key questions on trade and on commodity-reliant economies. The book examines two questions in particular detail: Will trade liberalization work? The report argues that countries that embark on trade liberalization in the current environment are likely to be rewarded and recognizes that genuine adjustment costs exist and that complementary reforms are important. How can commodity-reliant countries enhance productivity and diversify exports? Although many of these countries have been among the high growth, fast integrators, many others have been poor performers. Successful exporters are characterized by high productivity in existing commodity sectors, the capacity to diversify to non-traditional commodity exports, and the maintenance of economic stability. The report projects continued rapid acceleration of integration over the next decade, with moderate import growth in the developed countries and continued sharp import increases in developing countries. Those countries that continue to reform their economies and expand their participation in the world economy will be in a position to take advantage of the resulting opportunities; those that do not, risk falling further behind.
Author: World Bank Publisher: World Bank Publications ISBN: 082137608X Category : Political Science Languages : en Pages : 410
Book Description
Rising densities of human settlements, migration and transport to reduce distances to market, and specialization and trade facilitated by fewer international divisions are central to economic development. The transformations along these three dimensions density, distance, and division are most noticeable in North America, Western Europe, and Japan, but countries in Asia and Eastern Europe are changing in ways similar in scope and speed. 'World Development Report 2009: Reshaping Economic Geography' concludes that these spatial transformations are essential, and should be encouraged. The conclusion is not without controversy. Slum-dwellers now number a billion, but the rush to cities continues. Globalization is believed to benefit many, but not the billion people living in lagging areas of developing nations. High poverty and mortality persist among the world's 'bottom billion', while others grow wealthier and live longer lives. Concern for these three billion often comes with the prescription that growth must be made spatially balanced. The WDR has a different message: economic growth is seldom balanced, and efforts to spread it out prematurely will jeopardize progress. The Report: documents how production becomes more concentrated spatially as economies grow. proposes economic integration as the principle for promoting successful spatial transformations. revisits the debates on urbanization, territorial development, and regional integration and shows how today's developers can reshape economic geography.
Author: Tony Killick Publisher: Psychology Press ISBN: 9780415117753 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 428
Book Description
The accelerating pace of global change demands that economies must be adaptable. In this book a prestigious team of contributors address the nature and determinants of economic flexibility using a wide range of country studies.
Author: David Conklin Publisher: Routledge ISBN: 0429855311 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 168
Book Description
Published in 1997, this volume examines why foreign investment restrictions put in place during the 1950s and 1960s have been largely removed in recent years. Illustrations from ten countries are used to demonstrate the liberalizing movement, and the author analyzes the differences among sectors with regard to rationales and changes in rationales suggesting why many societies have chosen to retain certain restrictions even with the general liberalization. On this basis recommendations are presented in the book with regard to alternative mechanisms for achieving the original national objectives.
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Author: Richard A Musgrave
Author: Pekka Korhonen
Author: Lawrence T. Woods
Author: Hilarian M. A. Codippily
Author: World Bank
Author: Tony Killick
Author: Iyanatul Islam
Author: David Conklin
Author: