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Author: Dan Matthew Sullivan Publisher: ISBN: Category : Cover crops Languages : en Pages : 27
Book Description
This guide integrates recommendations for nutrient management with cover cropping practices that promote soil health. Recommendations for nutrient rate, source, timing and placement for nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, sulfur, calcium, magnesium and zinc are provided for organic and conventional cropping systems. Cover cropping practices that reduce soil erosion and conserve nutrients are highlighted.
Author: Dan Matthew Sullivan Publisher: ISBN: Category : Cover crops Languages : en Pages : 27
Book Description
This guide integrates recommendations for nutrient management with cover cropping practices that promote soil health. Recommendations for nutrient rate, source, timing and placement for nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, sulfur, calcium, magnesium and zinc are provided for organic and conventional cropping systems. Cover cropping practices that reduce soil erosion and conserve nutrients are highlighted.
Author: Dan Matthew Sullivan Publisher: ISBN: Category : Corn Languages : en Pages : 19
Book Description
Silage corn is an excellent feed for dairy cattle because of its high dry-matter yield, energy content and palatability. This guide provides nutrient and lime recommendations for silage corn established after conventional tillage or with direct seeding. Recommendations are appropriate both for manured and nonmanured fields in western Oregon.
Author: Ralph C. Martin Publisher: CRC Press ISBN: 1466568372 Category : Nature Languages : en Pages : 436
Book Description
The use of organic management practices in field cropping continues to rise globally, and these methods have proven to be a viable way to produce food with reduced resource use and environmental damage. Managing Energy, Nutrients, and Pests in Organic Field Crops challenges the popular misconception that organic systems are weak at managing energy,
Author: Alan S. Cooper Publisher: ISBN: Category : Companion planting Languages : en Pages : 116
Book Description
Oregon sweet corn growers face high fertilizer, fuel and weed control costs; soil compaction, erosion, organic matter and nutrient depletion; and difficult equipment operations in muddy fields. An alternative production system might ease some of these problems. Testing was begun to evaluate a living-mulch cropping system for sweet corn (Zea mays L. 'Golden Jubliee') production in Western Oregon. Several establishment-year management options for growing sweet corn with white clover (Trifolium repens L. 'New Zealand') were tested at three Willamette Valley, Oregon locations. Production practices tested were: fall, spring, or summer clover seeding; weed control prior to clover planting with (a) EPTC (S-ethyl dipropylthiocarbamate), (b) vernolate (S-propyl dipropylthiocarbamate) or (c) no control; and clover suppression with (a) atrazine (2-chloro-4-(ethylamino)-6-(isopropylamino)- s-triazine), (b) PP333 H2RS,3RS)-1-(4-chloropheny1)-4,4- dimethyl-2-1,2,4-triazol-l-y1- )pentan-3-01), (c) mowing, or (d) no suppression. Combinations of these practices were compared with conventional corn production. Fall clover planting resulted in the most ground cover and fewest weeds by summer. Plots where preplant herbicides were applied had fewer grasses but more broadleaf weeds compared to plots not receiving a preplant herbicide application. There was no identified change in corn yield resulting from the level of weed infestation. Where clover was most vigorous, suppression was necessary to avoid corn yield reductions. Atrazine proved most effective in reducing clover growth and allowing corn yields comparable to conventional practices. Yield reductions due to management system occurred at one location, and only where the clover received no suppression treatment. As the clover becomes better established, more severe suppression will probably be necessary to avoid corn yield reductions. Casual observations indicated increasing populations of rodents. Some form of control may be required. Overall results indicate that the system has potential to reduce erosion and suppress weeds and it may be an alternative to conventional sweet corn production in the area tested.
Author: Mikio Miyazoe Publisher: ISBN: Category : Corn root rot Languages : en Pages : 354
Book Description
Root rot of sweet corn in western Oregon and Washington is a significant disease that can reduce yield of intolerant cultivars of processed sweet corn by fifty percent. Root rot is caused by a complex of soilborne organisms, including Drechslera sp., Phoma terrestris, and Pythium arrhenomanes. Processors have adopted tolerant cultivars but farmers continue to seek cultural management strategies that reduce inoculum potential. High rate manure and compost amendments (16.8 - 56.0 Mg ha−1) suppress root rot of corn through general suppression but this practice is not agronomically viable. General suppression is typically associated with high rates of organic amendment and high microbial (FDA) activity. Processed vegetable farmers currently grow winter cover crops to improve soil and water quality and are interested in identifying cover crops that suppress root rot of corn and increase yield. High biomass cover crops can yield up to 12 Mg ha−1 dry matter; this rate of organic amendment may or may not be sufficient to generate general suppression. However, specific cover crops, such as species and cultivars of crucifers and oats, have been shown to more suppressive than other cover crop species and cultivars against specific soilborne diseases. Oat is grown as a winter cover crop in the Willamette Valley and contains avenecin, a chemical that has been shown to have activity against pathogen propagules. In addition, in previous work in containers oat cover crops suppressed root rot of sweet corn. However, there is a concern that oat cover crops immobilize N and reduce corn yield. The objectives of this research were to 1) identify high biomass cover crops with agronomic potential for western Oregon processed vegetable cropping systems, 2) evaluate the impact of high biomass cover crops on root rot severity and yield of sweet corn, 3) determine whether there is a correlation between dry matter, soil microbial activity and root rot severity and 4) determine whether cover crops immobilize nitrogen and reduce corn yield. Research station field trials were conducted in 2003-04, 2004-05 and 2005-06 at the Oregon State University vegetable research farm in Corvallis, Oregon and an on-farm experiment was conducted in 2004-05 at Kenagy Family Farm in Albany, Oregon. Oat 'Saia' winter-killed in 2005-06 and mustard mix 'Caliente' winter-killed every winter except 2004-05, when winter temperatures never dropped below -7° C. Rape 'Dwarf Essex', mustard 'Braco', and arugula are reliably winter-hardy. All mustard cover crop species are susceptible to white mold caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, causal agent of white mold of snap bean. Oat (Avena sativa) is susceptible to barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV), an important pathogen of grass seed crops. Mustard cover crops could contaminate cruciferous seed crops. All of the cover crop species evaluated demonstrated some potential to suppress root rot of corn. Oat 'Saia' was the most consistently suppressive; it suppressed root rot in 4 of 6 experiments. Sudangrass was suppressive in the only year it was evaluated as well as in container experiments in previous work. In general, cover crops increased or had no impact on shoot and root dry matter in greenhouse bioassays. There was only one significant cover crop treatment effect on yield; in 2006, the oat treatment increased yield by 11.6% compared to the fallow. Overall, cover crop aboveground dry matter (DM) ranged from 4.2 Mg ha−1 (summer R 2003) to 12.2 Mg ha−1 (winter O 2004). Overall, there was a significant relationship between cover crop DM and radicle rot severity in greenhouse bioassay but not in field experiment. Cover crop treatments consistently increased soil microbial activity. Overall, there was a significant negative correlation between microbial activity and root rot severity in greenhouse bioassays early after cover crop incorporation, but the correlation weakened over time and ultimately was lost by about 80 days after incorporation. The C:N of oat and rape residues was 51 and 21, respectively. Soil nitrogen was immobilized by both the oat and rape cover crops, but oat immobilized more N than rape. Corn grown in the oat treatment soils had lower SPAD values, but it is not clear whether foliar N was sufficiently low to reduce yield potential. There was no consistent trend in above- or below-ground corn dry matter after oat incorporation over the three years. In 2006, the oat treatment had no significant effect on corn DM but increased yield by 11.1%. More work is required to better understand the impact of oat cover crop N immobilization on corn N status and yield. Oat 'Saia' has the potential to suppress root rot of sweet corn and maintain or increase corn productivity. However, this oat cultivar is not reliably winter-hardy and is susceptible to BYDV. Future research should screen Avena species and/or cultivars for improved winter hardiness, BYDV resistance, and root rot suppressive potential.
Author: Jonathan Anthony Sisson Publisher: ISBN: Category : Sweet corn Languages : en Pages : 116
Book Description
The effects of planting date on mineral element concentration in sweet corn (Zea mays L. cv. Jubilee) at six developmental stages and on yield were investigated. Planting dates were chosen to correspond to early, mid-season, and late commercial plantings. Two nitrogen rates were applied since nitrogen is more often limiting than any other nutrient for sweet corn grown in Western Oregon. Boron was also applied since it has been shown to be limiting in many other crops grown in the Willamette Valley. Planting date significantly affected N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Mn, Fe, Cu, B, and Zn concentration in the whole plants during the vegetative growth stages and in the ear leaves during the stages between tasseling and harvest. During the early stage of growth, N, P, K, Ca, Mg, B, and Zn tended to be higher in the early planted corn plants, while later in the development of corn the effects of planting date were more variable. Planting date also affected the fresh and dry weight of whole plants; the later planting produced more dry weight than the earlier two plantings, while the early planted corn produced more fresh weight at harvest than the later two plantings. Consequently, when analyzing sweet corn for nutritional status, date of planting should be considered when interpreting the plant analysis data. The application of B had no effect on yield, fresh weight or dry weight and only increased B concentration at the first developmental stage. The additional application of N, did not significantly increase yield for the late planted corn, but did for early planted corn. N concentration, as well as Mg, Mn, Cu, and Zn concentrations increased with the higher rate of N fertilizer applied (125 kg/ha). Fresh weight and dry weight were both higher in the plants receiving the higher rate of N, with the difference becoming greater as the plants matured.
Author: Andy Clark Publisher: DIANE Publishing ISBN: 1437903797 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 248
Book Description
Cover crops slow erosion, improve soil, smother weeds, enhance nutrient and moisture availability, help control many pests and bring a host of other benefits to your farm. At the same time, they can reduce costs, increase profits and even create new sources of income. You¿ll reap dividends on your cover crop investments for years, since their benefits accumulate over the long term. This book will help you find which ones are right for you. Captures farmer and other research results from the past ten years. The authors verified the info. from the 2nd ed., added new results and updated farmer profiles and research data, and added 2 chap. Includes maps and charts, detailed narratives about individual cover crop species, and chap. about aspects of cover cropping.
Author: Dan Matthew Sullivan
Author: Dan Matthew Sullivan
Author: Dan Matthew Sullivan
Author: Ralph C. Martin
Author: Beth Hoinacki
Author: Alan S. Cooper
Author: Mikio Miyazoe
Author: Jonathan Anthony Sisson
Author: M. Rekha
Author: Shiou Kuo
Author: Andy Clark