NOx Formation in Lean-premixed Combustion of Liquid Hydrocarbons PDF Download

Author: Scott A. Capehart
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Combustion gases
Languages : en
Pages : 172

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Author: Robert A. Corr (II.)
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Combustion
Languages : en
Pages : 264

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Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :

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A study is made of the influence chemical structure of fuel has upon combustion performance through tracing the generation of carbon monoxide and oxides of nitrogen in lean, premixed, hydrocarbon-air flames. The study includes both analytical and experimental investi- gations. On the analytical side, a kinetic model is developed to predict both CO and NO time-histories in one-dimensional, premixed flames. The model is based upon the assumption of partial equilibrium in the post-flame zone while the fuel oxidation in the main reaction zone is allowed for by using a global oxidation rate equation. NO formation is assumed to be entirely via the Zeldovitch mechanism and to start in the post-flame zone. The utility of the model is judged through comparison between theoretical results and experimental data. On the experimental side, a simple burner system, supporting a one-dimensional premixed flame was designed and built. All fuels selected for investigation were pure hydrocarbons representing the main hydrocarbon types usually found in practical fuels; namely paraffins, olefins, naphthenes and aromatics. The hydrogen-to-carbon ratio ranged from 1 to 2.67 and the carbon number from 3 to 12. The experiments were performed at 1,2 and 3 atm pressure levels and 140°C inlet temperature, while the equivalence ratio was in the range 0.6 to 0.9. Flames were sampled for most stable species by a water- cooled stainless steel sampling probe. The experimental results show that the fuel structure signifi- cantly affects CO time-histories in the investigated flames mainly through influencing its generation rather than its burnout. CO burnout is shown to be mainly controlled by radical recombination processes, and the experimentally derived CO global oxidation rate equations are found not to be universally applicable. The results also show that the fuel structure influences prompt NOx formation within, and very near, the main reaction zone but that it does not influence post-equilibriu.

Author: R. C. Steele
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0

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Presented at the International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress & Exposition, Houston, Texas - June 5-8, 1995.

Author: Timothy C. Lieuwen
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 052176405X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 385

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The development of clean, sustainable energy systems is a preeminent issue in our time. Gas turbines will continue to be important combustion-based energy conversion devices for many decades to come, used for aircraft propulsion, ground-based power generation, and mechanical-drive applications. This book compiles the key scientific and technological knowledge associated with gas turbine emissions into a single authoritative source.

Author: Scott A. Capehart
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0

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Presented at the International Gas Turbine & Aeroengine Congress & Exhibition, Orlando, FL, Jun 2 - Jun 5, 1997.

Author: H. S. M. Saleh
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :

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Book Description
A study is made of the influence chemical structure of fuel hasupon combustion performance through tracing the generation of carbonmonoxide and oxides of nitrogen in lean, premixed, hydrocarbon-airflames. The study includes both analytical and experimental investi-gations. On the analytical side, a kinetic model is developed to predictboth CO and NO time-histories in one-dimensional, premixed flames. The model is based upon the assumption of partial equilibrium in thepost-flame zone while the fuel oxidation in the main reaction zone isallowed for by using a global oxidation rate equation. NO formationis assumed to be entirely via the Zeldovitch mechanism and to startin the post-flame zone. The utility of the model is judged throughcomparison between theoretical results and experimental data. On the experimental side, a simple burner system, supporting aone-dimensional premixed flame was designed and built. All fuelsselected for investigation were pure hydrocarbons representing themain hydrocarbon types usually found in practical fuels; namelyparaffins, olefins, naphthenes and aromatics. The hydrogen-to-carbonratio ranged from 1 to 2.67 and the carbon number from 3 to 12. Theexperiments were performed at 1,2 and 3 atm pressure levels and 140?Cinlet temperature, while the equivalence ratio was in the range 0.6to 0.9. Flames were sampled for most stable species by a water-cooled stainless steel sampling probe. The experimental results show that the fuel structure signifi-cantly affects CO time-histories in the investigated flames mainlythrough influencing its generation rather than its burnout. COburnout is shown to be mainly controlled by radical recombinationprocesses, and the experimentally derived CO global oxidation rateequations are found not to be universally applicable. The resultsalso show that the fuel structure influences prompt NOx formationwithin, and very near, the main reaction zone but that it does notinfluence post-equilibrium NOx formation if account is taken ofdifferences in the flame temperatures. N02 is found to constitute alarge percentage of total NOx measured especially at lower temperatureand equivalence ratios. Comparison between experimental and theoretical results showthat the prescribed kinetic model can satisfactorily predict CO levelsfor different fuels and under different conditions if the fuel oxidationglobal rate equation is correctly defined for different fuels. On theother hand, agreement between predicted and measured NO profiles hasbeen obtained at atmospheric pressure only. At high pressure, thepredicted levels were much smaller than those measured experimentally, and this disagreement is attributed to the fact that proper account isnot taken of the NO and N02 formation kinetics in the main reactionzone.

Author: Arshiya Hoseyni Chime
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 159

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A jet stirred reactor (JSR) is used to study the effects of fuel type and composition on NOx emissions. The reactor temperature is varied from 1700K to 1900K. Both pure and blended fuels are used in the experiments with the C/H ratio of fuels varying from 0.429 to 0.875. The fuels studied are: methane (as the baseline), n-hexane, n-octane, n-dodecane, isooctane, cyclo-hexane, toluene,1,3,5 tri-methyl benzene (135-TMB), jet-A, jet fuel made by Fischer-Tropsch processing of natural gas, and renewable jet fuel made from camelina, tallow, or bio-alcohol. The combustion of alternative and traditional commercial jet fuels show relatively minor differences in NOx. The trend observed at three different temperatures of the recirculation zone shows: HRJ-tallow

Author: A. Tomita
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 9780080440897
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 340

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Over the past decade the topic of emissions reduction and control has remained an important area of research due to the enforcement of various Government policies in an attempt to minimize the impact on the environment. One area in which a great deal of research has been conducted to address this policy is NOx/SOx suppression. However, despite the progress that has been made over this time period, further research into the most effective method of reducing NOx/SOx emissions is still urgently required. In developed countries, a more stringent requirement in the level of emissions (such as is NOx/SOx component of less than 10ppm) will be enforced in the near future. Developing countries will also need a new technology that is effective and that is suited to each countries needs. Additional research and development efforts are thus necessary to meet such requirements. This compendium contains a collection of key papers themed around NOx/SOx emissions from combustion of hydrocarbon resources and the attempts to secure an efficient and effective method for reducing these emissions. These key papers are taken from the journals Fuel, Fuel Processing Technology and Progress in Energy and Combustion Science.

Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Mechanical engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 472

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