No More Solitude? Workers' Conditions and Rights in Latin America During the Great Recession PDF Download
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Author: César F. Rosado Marzán Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 17
Book Description
Latin American countries deregulated much less than the United States and Europe during the Great Recession. Perhaps the country with the most the most deregulation was Mexico, where some categories of employment contracts now no longer require cause for termination and where back pay awards have been capped. However, the region buttressed labor inspection. Many countries modernized their labor courts. Collective bargaining rights were expanded in at least Mexico and Uruguay. In about a decade, the middle class grew by 50% in the region, from 100 million people to 150 million people. The economies also maintained a general growth trend despite the crisis. Growth with equity prevailed against the grain of the Washington Consensus and neoliberal formulas. We need more time to conclude that the region has reached a new dawn, but the picture remains positive.
Author: César F. Rosado Marzán Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 17
Book Description
Latin American countries deregulated much less than the United States and Europe during the Great Recession. Perhaps the country with the most the most deregulation was Mexico, where some categories of employment contracts now no longer require cause for termination and where back pay awards have been capped. However, the region buttressed labor inspection. Many countries modernized their labor courts. Collective bargaining rights were expanded in at least Mexico and Uruguay. In about a decade, the middle class grew by 50% in the region, from 100 million people to 150 million people. The economies also maintained a general growth trend despite the crisis. Growth with equity prevailed against the grain of the Washington Consensus and neoliberal formulas. We need more time to conclude that the region has reached a new dawn, but the picture remains positive.
Author: Joana Silva Publisher: World Bank Publications ISBN: 1464816913 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 327
Book Description
A region known for its volatility, Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) has suffered severe economic and social setbacks from crises—including the COVID-19 pandemic. These crises have taken their toll on careers, wage growth, and productivity. Employment in Crisis: The Path to Better Jobs in a Post-COVID-19 Latin America provides new evidence on the effects of crises on the region’s workers and firms and suggests several policy responses that can bolster long-term and inclusive economic growth. This report has three key findings. First, crises lead to persistent employment losses and accelerate structural changes away from the formal sector. This change occurs more through reductions in the creation of formal jobs than through job destruction. Second, some workers recover from crises, while others are permanently scarred by them. Low-skilled workers can suffer up to a decade of lower earnings caused by crises, while high-skilled workers rebound fast, exacerbating the LAC region’s high level of inequality. Formal workers suffer smaller employment and wage losses in localities with higher rates of informality. And the reduced job flows caused by crises decrease welfare, but workers in localities with more job opportunities, whether formal or informal, bounce back better. Third, crises’ cleansing effects can increase efficiency and productivity, but these effects are dampened by the LAC region’s less competitive market structure. Rather than becoming more agile and productive during economic downturns, protected sectors and firms gain market share and crowd out others, trapping valuable resources. This report proposes a three-pronged mix of policies to improve the LAC region’s responses to crises: •Create a more stable macroeconomic environment to smooth the impacts of crises, including automatic stabilizers such as unemployment insurance and short-term compensation programs; •Increase the capacity of social protection and labor programs to respond to crises and coalesce these programs into systems that complement income support with reemployment assistance and reskilling opportunities; and •Tackle structural issues, including the lack of product market competition and the spatial dimension behind poor labor market adjustment—a “good jobs and good firms†? agenda.
Author: James J. Heckman Publisher: University of Chicago Press ISBN: 0226322858 Category : Law Languages : en Pages : 585
Book Description
Law and Employment analyzes the effects of regulation and deregulation on Latin American labor markets and presents empirically grounded studies of the costs of regulation. Numerous labor regulations that were introduced or reformed in Latin America in the past thirty years have had important economic consequences. Nobel Prize-winning economist James J. Heckman and Carmen Pagés document the behavior of firms attempting to stay in business and be competitive while facing the high costs of complying with these labor laws. They challenge the prevailing view that labor market regulations affect only the distribution of labor incomes and have little or no impact on efficiency or the performance of labor markets. Using new micro-evidence, this volume shows that labor regulations reduce labor market turnover rates and flexibility, promote inequality, and discriminate against marginal workers. Along with in-depth studies of Colombia, Peru, Brazil, Argentina, Chile, Uruguay, Jamaica, and Trinidad, Law and Employment provides comparative analysis of Latin American economies against a range of European countries and the United States. The book breaks new ground by quantifying not only the cost of regulation in Latin America, the Caribbean, and in the OECD, but also the broader impact of this regulation.
Author: Merike Blofield Publisher: Penn State Press ISBN: 027106868X Category : Political Science Languages : en Pages : 190
Book Description
Despite constitutions that enshrine equality, until recently every state in Latin America permitted longer working hours (in some cases more than double the hours) and lower benefits for domestic workers than other workers. This has, in effect, subsidized a cheap labor force for middle- and upper-class families and enabled well-to-do women to enter professional labor markets without having to negotiate household and care work with their male partners. While elite resistance to reform has been widespread, during the past fifteen years a handful of countries have instituted equal rights. In Care Work and Class, Merike Blofield examines how domestic workers’ mobilization, strategic alliances, and political windows of opportunity, mostly linked to left-wing executive and legislative allies, can lead to improved rights even in a region as unequal as Latin America. Blofield also examines the conditions that lead to better enforcement of rights.
Author: Joana Silva Publisher: World Bank Publications ISBN: 9781464816727 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 156
Book Description
This book estimates how crises change labor market flows, assesses how these changes affect people, and discusses the key policy responses.
Author: Publisher: World Bank Publications ISBN: 9780821333488 Category : Caribbean Area Languages : en Pages : 44
Book Description
Over the past decade, most countries in the Latin America and Caribbean Region have stabilized their economies and lowered barriers to international trade. Many of the policies aimed at reducing poverty and tackling inequality in the 1960-1980 period were well intentioned, but the region made little or no progress in improving income distribution. With the recent shift toward market orientation and openness to international trade, these countries will need a new approach to labor policy as well as different instruments for addressing income distribution goals. This report gives special attention to four areas of labor policy: 1) change from direct government intervention in wage determination and strict seniority rules to a system that rewards effort, high productivity, and good management within a framework that relies on voluntary negotiation of working conditions between workers and firms; 2) replacement of job security legislation by a more effective mechanism that protects workers when they change jobs; 3) careful design of mandatory contributions to social security and other programs in order to minimize the distortionary effect of labor taxes; and 4) redirecting of government subsidies for training and education to the demand side and targeting to those who cannot afford to pay.
Author: Stanley M. Davis Publisher: ISBN: 9780669746587 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 334
Book Description
Compilation of social research articles on the impact of industrialization, social change and cultural change on the work environment in Latin America, with particular reference to management attitudes and employees attitudes - includes papers on minimum standard of living, unemployment, underemployment, social mobility, working conditions, labour relations, recruitment and vocational training, collective bargaining, trade union activities, managerial roles, political aspects, economic implications, etc. References and statistical tables.
Author: Sergio Gamonal C. Publisher: Oxford University Press ISBN: 0190052686 Category : Law Languages : en Pages : 208
Book Description
The gig economy, precarious work, and nonstandard employment have forced labor law scholars to rethink their discipline. Classical remedies for unequal power, capabilities approaches, "third way" market regulation, and laissez-faire all now vie for attention - at least in English. Despite a deep history of labor activism, Latin American scholarship has had scant presence in these debates. This book introduces to an English-language audience another approach: principled labor law, based on Latin American perspectives, using a jurisprudential method focused on worker protection. The authors apply this methodology to the least likely case of labor-protective jurisprudence in the industrialized world: the United States. In doing so, Gamonal and Rosado focus on the Thirteenth Amendment as a labor-protective constitutional provision, the National Labor Relations Act, and the Fair Labor Standards Act. This book shows how principled labor law can provide a clear and simple method for consistent, labor-protective jurisprudence in the United States and beyond.
Author: Eduardo Galeano Publisher: NYU Press ISBN: 0853459908 Category : History Languages : en Pages : 335
Book Description
[In this book, the author's] analysis of the effects and causes of capitalist underdevelopment in Latin America present [an] account of ... Latin American history. [The author] shows how foreign companies reaped huge profits through their operations in Latin America. He explains the politics of the Latin American bourgeoisies and their subservience to foreign powers, and how they interacted to create increasingly unequal capitalist societies in Latin America.-Back cover.
Author: Simone Cecchini Publisher: UN ISBN: Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 478
Book Description
This book reflects on the public policies, programmes and regulatory frameworks that are taking a rights-based approach to expanding social protection coverage and benefits in Latin America, with a view to achieving universal coverage. Its discussion of the policy tools and programmes pursued in the region aims to provide the reader with technical and programmatic insights for assembling and coordinating public policies within consistent and sustainable social protection systems. The combination of normative orientations and stock of technical knowledge, together with advances regarding the rights-based approach to social protection within a life cycle framework, afford the reader not only a tool box of specific social protection instruments, but also an in-depth examination of related political economy aspects.
Author: César F. Rosado Marzán
Author: César F. Rosado Marzán
Author: Joana Silva
Author: James J. Heckman
Author: Merike Blofield
Author: Joana Silva
Author: 
Author: Stanley M. Davis
Author: Sergio Gamonal C.
Author: Eduardo Galeano
Author: Simone Cecchini