Author: Michael S Engel
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Bees
Languages : en
Pages : 26
Book Description
New Genera and Subgenera of Augochlorine Bees (Hymenoptera: Halictidae)
New Genera and Subgenera of Augochlorine Bees (Hymenoptera
Author: Douglas Yanega
Publisher: Palala Press
ISBN: 9781341761249
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 24
Book Description
This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work. This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Publisher: Palala Press
ISBN: 9781341761249
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 24
Book Description
This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work. This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Revision of the Bee Genus Chlerogella (Hymenoptera, Halictidae), Part II: South American Species and Generic Diagnosis
Author: Michael S. Engel
Publisher: PenSoft Publishers LTD
ISBN: 9546425516
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 107
Book Description
ÿThe genus Chlerogella historically has been one of the most infrequently encountered lineages of augochlorine bees (Apoidea: Anthophila: Halictidae: Augochlorini). By 1993 only three species were described and less than 40 specimens were known of a group presumed to be species poor and of limited geographic scope. With their frequently elongate heads and characteristic habitus, species of the genus are quite distinctive, and although the available material of these rare bees has grown to only 165, the number of species and their broader distribution has expanded significantly. This volume completes a revision of the world?s species of Chlerogella, completing the large South American fauna (Part I, covering Central America, is available in ZooKeys 23). In total, the genus has grown from three species to 34 (27 are treated in the current work). Color photomicrographs, detailed descriptions, and keys are provided to permit identification of the currently known taxa and aid the future discovery of new species. Unfortunately, almost nothing is known of the biology of these fascinating bees and this work will hopefully aid the discovery and elucidation of their natural history.
Publisher: PenSoft Publishers LTD
ISBN: 9546425516
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 107
Book Description
ÿThe genus Chlerogella historically has been one of the most infrequently encountered lineages of augochlorine bees (Apoidea: Anthophila: Halictidae: Augochlorini). By 1993 only three species were described and less than 40 specimens were known of a group presumed to be species poor and of limited geographic scope. With their frequently elongate heads and characteristic habitus, species of the genus are quite distinctive, and although the available material of these rare bees has grown to only 165, the number of species and their broader distribution has expanded significantly. This volume completes a revision of the world?s species of Chlerogella, completing the large South American fauna (Part I, covering Central America, is available in ZooKeys 23). In total, the genus has grown from three species to 34 (27 are treated in the current work). Color photomicrographs, detailed descriptions, and keys are provided to permit identification of the currently known taxa and aid the future discovery of new species. Unfortunately, almost nothing is known of the biology of these fascinating bees and this work will hopefully aid the discovery and elucidation of their natural history.
Classification of the Bee Tribe Augochlorini (Hymenoptera:Halictidae)
Author: Michael S. Engel
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Amber fossils
Languages : en
Pages : 96
Book Description
The halictid bee tribe Augochlorini is revised at the level of genus and subgenus. Forty-one genera and subgenera are recognized with two being extinct. New subgenera of Augochlora, Electraugochlora, and of Oligochlora, Soliapis, are described for new fossils from Tertiary amber of the Dominican Republic. Complete taxonomic histories are given along with information on revisions at the species level, biological studies, and general distribution for each family- and genus-group taxon. The following subgenera are newly synonymized: Aethechlora new junior subjective synonym of Oxystoglossella, Mycterochlora new junior subjective synonym of Augochlora, Vachalius new junior subjective synonym of Neocorynurella, and Neocorynuroides new junior subjective synonym of Neocorynura. The group Glyptochlora is resurrected from synonymy as a valid subgenus of Augochloropsis. The males of Chlerogella and Micrommation are described for the first time. A key to the genera and subgenera of the tribe is presented along with a key to the species of the rare Augochloropsis (Glyptochlora). Suprageneric relationships in the tribe are explored cladistically. Characters of adult external morphology (72 characters) and ethology (12 characters) are coded for all recognized augochlorine genera as well as outgroups from the Halictini, Nomioidini, and Nomiinae. Results of the cladistic analysis are remarkably resolved but not very robust. The cladogram is summarized and infratribal groups defined. Most notably, the tribe is divided into two monophyletic subtribes: the Corynurina (new subtribe), containing the southern South American genera Corynura, Halictillus, Rhectomia, and Rhinocorynura; and the nominate subtribe, Augochlorina. Implications of the cladistic analysis on diversification in the Augochlorini and evolutionary patterns within the tribe are discussed. New distribution records are given for three species which extend the known ranges of their respective genera. Augochlora essequibensis is a new junior subjective synonym of A. nigrocyanea while A. cladopyga, A. seminigra, Augochlorella bidentata, Halictus caucasicus, H. cerasis, H. chrysaspis, H. myrrhites, H. simotes, and Pereirapis rhizophila are all new junior subjective synonyms of P. semiaurata. Megalopta intermedia, Augochlora nitidior, Augochlorella eusticta, Augochlorodes clementis, and Augochloropsis scabriceps are all recognized as nomina nuda. Vachalius cosmetor, from Colombia and Venezuela, is transferred to Neocorynurella while Corynura biciliata, from Costa Rica, is recognized as a species of Halictini and is transferred to the genus Lasioglossum (Evylaeus) (new combinations). Four fossil and recent species new to science are described as Augochlora (Electraugochlora) leptoloba (fossil), Augochlora (Oxystoglossella) rightmyerae (extant), Oligochlora (Soliapis) rozeni (fossil), and Pseudaugoehlora pulchra (extant).
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Amber fossils
Languages : en
Pages : 96
Book Description
The halictid bee tribe Augochlorini is revised at the level of genus and subgenus. Forty-one genera and subgenera are recognized with two being extinct. New subgenera of Augochlora, Electraugochlora, and of Oligochlora, Soliapis, are described for new fossils from Tertiary amber of the Dominican Republic. Complete taxonomic histories are given along with information on revisions at the species level, biological studies, and general distribution for each family- and genus-group taxon. The following subgenera are newly synonymized: Aethechlora new junior subjective synonym of Oxystoglossella, Mycterochlora new junior subjective synonym of Augochlora, Vachalius new junior subjective synonym of Neocorynurella, and Neocorynuroides new junior subjective synonym of Neocorynura. The group Glyptochlora is resurrected from synonymy as a valid subgenus of Augochloropsis. The males of Chlerogella and Micrommation are described for the first time. A key to the genera and subgenera of the tribe is presented along with a key to the species of the rare Augochloropsis (Glyptochlora). Suprageneric relationships in the tribe are explored cladistically. Characters of adult external morphology (72 characters) and ethology (12 characters) are coded for all recognized augochlorine genera as well as outgroups from the Halictini, Nomioidini, and Nomiinae. Results of the cladistic analysis are remarkably resolved but not very robust. The cladogram is summarized and infratribal groups defined. Most notably, the tribe is divided into two monophyletic subtribes: the Corynurina (new subtribe), containing the southern South American genera Corynura, Halictillus, Rhectomia, and Rhinocorynura; and the nominate subtribe, Augochlorina. Implications of the cladistic analysis on diversification in the Augochlorini and evolutionary patterns within the tribe are discussed. New distribution records are given for three species which extend the known ranges of their respective genera. Augochlora essequibensis is a new junior subjective synonym of A. nigrocyanea while A. cladopyga, A. seminigra, Augochlorella bidentata, Halictus caucasicus, H. cerasis, H. chrysaspis, H. myrrhites, H. simotes, and Pereirapis rhizophila are all new junior subjective synonyms of P. semiaurata. Megalopta intermedia, Augochlora nitidior, Augochlorella eusticta, Augochlorodes clementis, and Augochloropsis scabriceps are all recognized as nomina nuda. Vachalius cosmetor, from Colombia and Venezuela, is transferred to Neocorynurella while Corynura biciliata, from Costa Rica, is recognized as a species of Halictini and is transferred to the genus Lasioglossum (Evylaeus) (new combinations). Four fossil and recent species new to science are described as Augochlora (Electraugochlora) leptoloba (fossil), Augochlora (Oxystoglossella) rightmyerae (extant), Oligochlora (Soliapis) rozeni (fossil), and Pseudaugoehlora pulchra (extant).
Apicultural Abstracts
Phylogeny, Classification and Evolutionary Ethology of the Bee Tribe Augochlorini (Hymenoptera:Halictidae)
Evolution and Phylogeny of Bees
Author: John D. Plant
Publisher:
ISBN: 9783510550487
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 384
Book Description
Volume 161 of Zoologica reviews and analyses the evolution and phylogeny of bees. It is subdivided into two parts Part One: A Preamble to the Evolution and Phylogeny of Bees provides a complete and critical review of all previous attempts to reconstruct the phylogenetic tree of bees (Anthophila / Apiformes) based on morphological, bionomic and molecular approaches and pre- sented in chronological sequence up to and including recent publications. At the same time, the introductory part examines trends in the classification of bees and compares available hypotheses of bee evolution. Part One closes with a family-wise delineation of the fossil history of bees. Part Two: A Phylogenetic Study of Bees in Light of Morphological Evidence adds an experimental study to complement the bibliographical analysis provided in Part One. The phylogenetic relationships of the larger taxonomic units of bees are tested anew using an extensive dataset of selected morphological features. The study uses all common and current computer-aided techniques of cladistic analysis (parsimony, successive/implied weight, Bayesian and neighbor-joining), which are applied to representatives of all seven families, 22 subfamilies and 48 of 58 tribes of bees. The conclusions drawn from this are evaluated for the major groups (i.e., short-tongued and long-tongued bees), and separately for the families, subfamilies and tribes in each case. In a world currently dominated by molecular genetic approaches to phylogeny, this study clearly demonstrates that it is not anachronistic to engage in morphological efforts, because progress can be significantly advanced and the pool of available scientific arguments enriched. The diversity of the object of investigation justifies a variety of methods. This monograph is a much needed reference work of high practical value for all students of bee evolution, phylogeny and morphology. Further, it is ideally suited as good introductory reading material for university level students.
Publisher:
ISBN: 9783510550487
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 384
Book Description
Volume 161 of Zoologica reviews and analyses the evolution and phylogeny of bees. It is subdivided into two parts Part One: A Preamble to the Evolution and Phylogeny of Bees provides a complete and critical review of all previous attempts to reconstruct the phylogenetic tree of bees (Anthophila / Apiformes) based on morphological, bionomic and molecular approaches and pre- sented in chronological sequence up to and including recent publications. At the same time, the introductory part examines trends in the classification of bees and compares available hypotheses of bee evolution. Part One closes with a family-wise delineation of the fossil history of bees. Part Two: A Phylogenetic Study of Bees in Light of Morphological Evidence adds an experimental study to complement the bibliographical analysis provided in Part One. The phylogenetic relationships of the larger taxonomic units of bees are tested anew using an extensive dataset of selected morphological features. The study uses all common and current computer-aided techniques of cladistic analysis (parsimony, successive/implied weight, Bayesian and neighbor-joining), which are applied to representatives of all seven families, 22 subfamilies and 48 of 58 tribes of bees. The conclusions drawn from this are evaluated for the major groups (i.e., short-tongued and long-tongued bees), and separately for the families, subfamilies and tribes in each case. In a world currently dominated by molecular genetic approaches to phylogeny, this study clearly demonstrates that it is not anachronistic to engage in morphological efforts, because progress can be significantly advanced and the pool of available scientific arguments enriched. The diversity of the object of investigation justifies a variety of methods. This monograph is a much needed reference work of high practical value for all students of bee evolution, phylogeny and morphology. Further, it is ideally suited as good introductory reading material for university level students.
Scientific Papers
Bees of the Family Halictidae (excluding Sphecodes) of Poland
Author: I︠U︡. A. Pesenko
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 368
Book Description
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 368
Book Description
Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History
Author: Joel Asaph Allen
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Natural history
Languages : en
Pages : 324
Book Description
Comprises articles on geology, paleontology, mammalogy, ornithology, entomology and anthropology.
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Natural history
Languages : en
Pages : 324
Book Description
Comprises articles on geology, paleontology, mammalogy, ornithology, entomology and anthropology.