Author: National Library of Medicine (U.S.)Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Medicine
Languages : en
Pages : 704
Book Description
First multi-year cumulation covers six years: 1965-70.
Current Catalog
Author: National Library of Medicine (U.S.)Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Medicine
Languages : en
Pages : 704
Book Description
First multi-year cumulation covers six years: 1965-70.
Neurovision: Neural bases of binocular vision and coordination and their implications in visual training programs
Author: Olivier A. CoubardPublisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 2889196550
Category : Binocular vision
Languages : en
Pages : 266
Book Description
Binocular vision is achieved by five neurovisual systems originating in the retina but varying in their destination within the brain. Two systems have been widely studied: the retino-tectal or retino-collicular route, which subserves an expedient and raw estimate of the visual scene through the magnocellular pathway, and the retino-occipital or retino-cortical route, which allows slower but refined analysis of the visual scene through the parvocellular pathway. But there also exist further neurovisual systems: the retino-hypothalamic, retino-pretectal, and accessory optic systems, which play a crucial role in vision though they are less understood. The retino-pretectal pathway projecting onto the pretectum is critical for the pupillary or photomotor reflex. The retino-hypothalamic pathway projecting onto the suprachiasmatic nucleus regulates numerous behavioral and biological functions as well as circadian rhythms. The accessory optic system targeting terminal lateral, medial and dorsal nuclei through the paraoptic fasciculus plays a role in head and gaze orientation as well as slow movements. Taken together, these neurovisual systems involve 60% of brain activity, thus highlighting the importance of vision in the functioning and regulation of the central nervous system. But vision is first and foremost action, which makes perception impossible without movement. Binocular coordination is a prerequisite for binocular fusion of the object of interest on the two foveas, thus ensuring visual perception. The retino-collicular pathway is sufficient to elicit reflexive eye movements with short latencies. Thanks to its motor neurons, the superior colliculus activates premotor neurons, which themselves activate motor neurons of the oculomotor, trochlear and abducens nuclei. At a higher level, a cascade of neural mechanisms participates in the control of decisional eye movements. The superior colliculus is controlled by the substancia nigra pars reticulata, which is itself gated by subcortical structures such as the dorsal striatum. The superior colliculus is also inhibited by the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex through a direct prefrontotectal tract. Cortical areas are crucial for the triggering of eye movements: the frontal eye field, supplementary eye field, and parietal eye field. Finally the cerebellum maintains accuracy. The focus of the present research topic, entitled Neural bases of binocular vision and coordination and their implications in visual training programs, is to review the most recent findings in brain imaging and neurophysiology of binocular vision and coordination in humans and animals with frontally-placed eyes. The emphasis is put on studies that enable transfer of knowledge toward visual training programs targeting visual field defects (e.g., hemianopia) and binocular functional disorders (e.g., amblyopia).
National Library of Medicine Current Catalog
Author: National Library of Medicine (U.S.)Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Medicine
Languages : en
Pages : 1328
Book Description
The Neuropsychology of Vision
Author: Manfred FahlePublisher:
ISBN: 0198505825
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 362
Book Description
The Neuropsychology of Vision describes a range of exciting new approaches to neuropsychological investigation and provides a broad overview of visual neuropsychology. The book starts by examining the neural basis of perception - presenting important new research using single-unit recordings. Recent work using these methods has shown how the visual system relies strongly on feedback from higher to lower levels of information processing, and that neural plasticity exists in the primary sensory cortices of adults, areas previously thought to be hard-wired. The book also considers disturbances of visual perception such as agnosia, neglect, blindsight, and achromatopsia, describing what we now know about recovery and rehabilitation from cerebral visual disorders. Throughout, the book refers to new and adapted techniques for measuring brain activity, including multi-unit sum potential recording, fMRI, and transcranial magnetic stimulation. With contributions from leading scientists in the vision sciences, this book provides a state-of-the-art review of the topic. Book jacket.
Perception
Author: RSSI
Author: Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Semantics (Philosophy)
Languages : en
Pages : 832
Book Description
The Neuropsychology of Sleep and Dreaming
Author: John S. AntrobusPublisher: Psychology Press
ISBN: 1134764332
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 331
Book Description
This volume describes how the conceptual and technical sophistication of contemporary cognitive and neuroscientific fields has enhanced the neurocognitive understanding of dreaming sleep. Because it is the only naturally-occurring state in which the active brain produces elaborate cognitive processes in the absence of sensory input, the study of dreaming offers a unique cognitive and neurophysiological view of the production of higher cognitive processes. The theory and research included is driven by the search for the most direct relationships linking the neurophysiological characteristics of sleepers to their concurrent cognitive experiences. The search is organized around three sets of theoretical models and the three classes of neurocognitive relationships upon which they are based. The contributions to this volume demonstrate that the field has begun to move in new directions opened up by the rapid advances in contemporary cognitive science, neuropsychology, and neurophysiology.
The Behavioral and Cognitive Neurology of Stroke
Author: Olivier GodefroyPublisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 1139461893
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 637
Book Description
The care of stroke patients has changed dramatically. As well as improvements in the emergency care of the condition, there have been marked advances in our understanding, management and rehabilitation of residual deficits. This book is about the care of stroke patients, focusing on behavioural and cognitive problems. It provides a comprehensive review of the field covering the diagnostic value of these conditions, in the acute and later phases, their requirements in terms of treatment and management and the likelihood and significance of long-term disability. This book will appeal to all clinicians involved in the care of stroke patients, as well as to neuropsychologists, other rehabilitation therapists and research scientists investigating the underlying neuroscience.
Neuropsychologie du déficit visuel d'origine centrale chez l'enfant
Author: Martine BarbeauPublisher: FeniXX
ISBN: 2130667465
Category : Psychology
Languages : fr
Pages : 132
Book Description
L'étrangeté d'une vision intermittente, d'une capacité de voir sans reconnaître, laisse perplexe l'entourage d'un malade aux prises avec des phénomènes paradoxaux si éloignés des caractéristiques classiques du déficit visuel : enfin, voit-il ou ne voit-il pas ? Lorsqu'il s'agit d'un enfant, la réponse à la question posée est encore plus cruciale puisque les réactions parentales, les décisions thérapeutiques, et les orientations éducatives, vont infléchir si lourdement l'avenir. Sans compter que le petit nombre d'enfants touchés par un tel handicap ne favorise pas l'adaptation des structures à ces cas singuliers. Cet ouvrage est la résultante d'une pratique clinique auprès d'enfants cérébro-lésés, présentant un déficit visuel permanent d'origine centrale. Il présente les particularités de ce tableau clinique par rapport à celui de l'adulte, en présentant les perspectives thérapeutiques. Il relie à cet aspect pratique une théorisation sur l'acte visuel, et ce que la pathologie peut donner à connaître des processus à la genèse de cette fonction. Car, que veut dire exactement voir ?
Brain Mechanisms and Spatial Vision
Author: D.J. InglePublisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9789024731176
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 486
Book Description
This volume contains chapters derived from a N. A. T. O. Advanced Study Institute held in June 1983. As the director of this A. S. I. it was my hope that some of the e1ectrophysiologists could express the potentialities of their work for perceptual theory, and that some perceptionists could speculate on the underlying "units" of perception in a way that would engage the imagination of physio logists. The reader will have to be the judge of whether this was achieved, or whether such a psychophysiological inter1ingua is still overly idealistic. It is clear that after the revolution prec~pitated by Hube1 and Weisel in understanding of visual cortical neurons we still have only a foggy idea of the behavioral output of any particular species of cortical detector. It was therefore particularly unfortunate that two persons who have made great strides in correlating interesting facets of cat cortical physio logy with human psychophysics (Max Cynader and Martin Regan of Dalhousie University) were unable to attend this meeting. Never theless, a number of new and challenging ideas regarding both spatial perception and cortical mechanisms are represented in this volume, and it is hoped that the reader will remember not only the individual demonstrations but the critical questions posed by the apposition of the two different collections of experimental facts. David Ingle April 1984 VII TABLE OF CONTENTS PREFACE V D. N. Lee and D. S. Young Visual Timing of Interceptive Action 1 J. J.