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Author: Gerta Vrbova Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 9401095418 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 246
Book Description
In the second century, Galen recognized that nerve and muscle were functionally inseparable since contraction of muscle occurred only if the nerves supplying that muscle were intact. He therefore concluded that the shortening of a muscle was controlled by the central nervous sytem while the extension of a muscle could occur in the absence of innervation. Nerves, he thought, were the means of transport for animal spirits to the muscles; the way in which animal spirits may bring about contraction dominated the study of muscle physiology from that time until the historical discovery of Galvani that muscle could be stimulated electrically and that nerve and muscle were themselves a source of electrical energy. It is now well known that nerves conduct electrically and that transmission from nerve to striated muscle is mediated by the chemical which is liberated from nerve terminals onto the muscle membrane. In vertebrates this chemical is acetylcholine (ACh). Thus the concept of spirits that are released from nerves and control muscle contraction directly, is no longer tenable. Nevertheless the concept of 'substances' transported down nerv~s which directly control many aspects of muscle has not been abandoned, and has in fact been frequently reinvoked to account for the long-term regula tion of many characteristics of muscle (see review by Gutmann, 1976) and for the maintenance of its structural integrity.
Author: Gerta Vrbova Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 9401095418 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 246
Book Description
In the second century, Galen recognized that nerve and muscle were functionally inseparable since contraction of muscle occurred only if the nerves supplying that muscle were intact. He therefore concluded that the shortening of a muscle was controlled by the central nervous sytem while the extension of a muscle could occur in the absence of innervation. Nerves, he thought, were the means of transport for animal spirits to the muscles; the way in which animal spirits may bring about contraction dominated the study of muscle physiology from that time until the historical discovery of Galvani that muscle could be stimulated electrically and that nerve and muscle were themselves a source of electrical energy. It is now well known that nerves conduct electrically and that transmission from nerve to striated muscle is mediated by the chemical which is liberated from nerve terminals onto the muscle membrane. In vertebrates this chemical is acetylcholine (ACh). Thus the concept of spirits that are released from nerves and control muscle contraction directly, is no longer tenable. Nevertheless the concept of 'substances' transported down nerv~s which directly control many aspects of muscle has not been abandoned, and has in fact been frequently reinvoked to account for the long-term regula tion of many characteristics of muscle (see review by Gutmann, 1976) and for the maintenance of its structural integrity.
Author: Gary G. Matthews Publisher: John Wiley & Sons ISBN: 1118687876 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 261
Book Description
Cellular Physiology of Nerve and Muscle, Fourth Edition offers a state of the art introduction to the basic physical, electrical and chemical principles central to the function of nerve and muscle cells. The text begins with an overview of the origin of electrical membrane potential, then clearly illustrates the cellular physiology of nerve cells and muscle cells. Throughout, this new edition simplifies difficult concepts with accessible models and straightforward descriptions of experimental results. An all-new introduction to electrical signaling in the nervous system. Expanded coverage of synaptic transmission and synaptic plasticity. A quantitative overview of the electrical properties of cells. New detailed illustrations.
Author: Jun Kimura Publisher: Oxford University Press ISBN: 0199738688 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 1177
Book Description
Intended for clinicians who perform electrodiagnostic procedures as an extension of their clinical examination, and for neurologists and physiatrists who are interested in neuromuscular disorders and noninvasive electrodiagnostic methods, particularly those practicing electromyography (EMG) this book provides a comprehensive review of most peripheral nerve and muscle diseases, including specific techniques and locations for performing each test.
Author: Gerta Vrbová Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 1402082339 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 127
Book Description
The first evidence that electrical changes can cause muscles to contract was p- vided by Galvani (1791). Galvani’s ideas about ‘animal electricity’ were explored during the 19th and 20th century when it was firmly established that ‘electricity’ is one of the most important mechanisms used for communication by the nervous system and muscle. These researches lead to the development of ever more soph- ticated equipment that could either record the electrical changes in nerves and muscles, or elicit functional changes by electrically stimulating these structures. It was indeed the combination of these two methods that elucidated many of the basic principles about the function of the nervous system. Following these exciting findings, it was discovered that electrical stimulation and the functions elicited by it also lead to long-term changes in the properties of nerves and particularly muscles. Recent findings help us to understand the mec- nisms by which activity induced by electrical stimulation can influence mature, fully differentiated cells, in particular muscles, blood vessels and nerves. Electrically elicited activity determines the properties of muscle fibres by activating a sequence of signalling pathways that change the gene expression of the muscle. Thus, elect- cal activity graduated from a simple mechanism that is used to elicit muscle c- traction, to a system that could induce permanent changes in muscles and modify most of its characteristic properties.
Author: Jeffrey Alan Cohen Publisher: Oxford University Press ISBN: 0190491906 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 233
Book Description
Part of the "What Do I Do Now?" series, Peripheral Nerve and Muscle Disease uses a case-based approach to cover common and important topics in the diagnosis and treatment of neuromuscular disorders. Each chapter provides an overview of the approach to the problem in question followed by a discussion of the diagnosis, key points to remember, and selected references for further reading. In this edition, new cases include: Lambert-Eaton Syndrome, Botulism, Facioscapulohumeral Muscular Dystrophy, and Small Fiber Neuropathy Associated with Fibromyalgia. Peripheral Nerve and Muscle Disease is an engaging collection of thought-provoking cases which clinicians can utilize when they encounter difficult patients on the ward or in the clinic. The volume is also a self-assessment tool that tests the reader's ability to answer the question, "What do I do now?"
Author: Marco Barbero Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 8847024633 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 146
Book Description
Invasive electromyography is a well-established diagnostic tool that has been used for decades by neurologists. Recently, new and alternative devices have increasingly become available that permit diagnosis without the use of needles. This developing area of science and the new tools have not, however, been sufficiently investigated in academic training. Consequently a gap exists between what science is making possible and the competence acquired during graduate studies. This handy volume has the aim of filling this gap by providing the information required by medical practitioners in rehabilitation, sports, and occupational health as well as by rehabilitation therapists, ergonomists, and sport coaches. The techniques that are presented and explained will help in monitoring and recording changes, evaluating the effectiveness of treatments and training, evaluating work stations, and preventing and documenting the evolution of occupational disorders of the neuromuscular system.
Author: Jasper R. Daube Publisher: Oxford University Press ISBN: 0199725144 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 915
Book Description
Clinical Neurophysiology, Third Edition will continue the tradition of the previous two volumes by providing a didactic, yet accessible, presentation of electrophysiology in three sections that is of use to both the clinician and the researcher. The first section describes the analysis of electrophysiological waveforms. Section two describes the various methods and techniques of electrophysiological testing. The third section, although short in appearance, has recommendations of symptom complexes and disease entities using electroencephalography, evoked potentials, and nerve conduction studies.
Author: Andy Shores Publisher: John Wiley & Sons ISBN: 1118711521 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 887
Book Description
Current Techniques in Canine and Feline Neurosurgery offers state-of-the-art, detailed guidance on performing neurosurgical techniques in dogs and cats, from indications and surgical anatomy to procedures and post-operative care. Presents an up-to-date, detailed reference on veterinary neurosurgery techniques, covering skills ranging from basic to advanced Provides guidance on why, when, and how to perform neurosurgical procedures Includes information on diagnostic evaluation, surgical planning, and instrumentation as well as step-by-step descriptions of specific procedures Copublished with the American College of Veterinary Surgeons Foundation and American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine Offers video clips on a companion website
Author: Gerta Vrbova
Author: Gerta Vrbova
Author: R. D. Keynes
Author: Gary G. Matthews
Author: Jun Kimura
Author: Gerta Vrbová
Author: Jeffrey Alan Cohen
Author: J. Gordon Betts
Author: Marco Barbero
Author: Jasper R. Daube
Author: Andy Shores