Author: Publisher:
ISBN: 9789462840256
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
Book Description
Multisensory Integration in Spatial Orientation and Self-motion Perception
Author: Multisensory Perception of Spatial Orientation and Self-motion
Author: K. N. de WinkelAge-related Changes in Multisensory Self-motion Perception
Author: Robert Charles RamkhalawansinghPublisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
Book Description
To derive the precise estimates of self-motion necessary to perform mobility-related tasks like walking and driving, humans integrate information about their movement from across their sensory systems (e.g. visual, auditory, proprioceptive, vestibular). However, recent evidence suggests that the way in which multiple sensory inputs are integrated by the adult brain changes with age. The objective of this thesis was to consider, for the first time, whether age-related changes in multisensory integration are observed in the context of self-motion perception. Two research approaches were used. First, I used a simple, simulated driving task to provide visual cues to self-motion and to manipulate the availability of auditory and/or vestibular cues to self-motion (i.e., unisensory versus multisensory conditions). The results revealed that relative to younger adults, older adults generally demonstrate greater differences in performance between multisensory and unisensory conditions. However, the driving task could not disentangle the effects of age-related differences in real-world driving experience from age-related differences in sensory integrative mechanisms. Second, I used an established and highly controlled psychophysical heading perception task to evaluate whether, like younger adults, older adults integrate visual and vestibular cues to self-motion in a statistically optimal fashion. I considered conditions where each of the two cues was presented alone, in combination and congruent, or in combination but indicating conflicting heading angles. Results showed that while older adults did demonstrate optimal integration during congruent conditions, they were comparatively less tolerant to spatial conflicts between the visual and vestibular inputs. Overall, these results may have important implications for the way that older adults perform mobility-related tasks under various perceptual and environmental conditions.
The Neural Bases of Multisensory Processes
Author: Micah M. MurrayPublisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1439812179
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 800
Book Description
It has become accepted in the neuroscience community that perception and performance are quintessentially multisensory by nature. Using the full palette of modern brain imaging and neuroscience methods, The Neural Bases of Multisensory Processes details current understanding in the neural bases for these phenomena as studied across species, stages of development, and clinical statuses. Organized thematically into nine sub-sections, the book is a collection of contributions by leading scientists in the field. Chapters build generally from basic to applied, allowing readers to ascertain how fundamental science informs the clinical and applied sciences. Topics discussed include: Anatomy, essential for understanding the neural substrates of multisensory processing Neurophysiological bases and how multisensory stimuli can dramatically change the encoding processes for sensory information Combinatorial principles and modeling, focusing on efforts to gain a better mechanistic handle on multisensory operations and their network dynamics Development and plasticity Clinical manifestations and how perception and action are affected by altered sensory experience Attention and spatial representations The last sections of the book focus on naturalistic multisensory processes in three separate contexts: motion signals, multisensory contributions to the perception and generation of communication signals, and how the perception of flavor is generated. The text provides a solid introduction for newcomers and a strong overview of the current state of the field for experts.
Updates on multisensory perception: from neurons to cognition
Author: Angelo MaravitaPublisher: Frontiers E-books
ISBN: 2889190587
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 131
Book Description
In recent years there has been a dramatic progress in understanding how stimuli from different sensory modalities are integrated among each other. Multisensory integration results in a unitary representation of the world that strongly characterizes perception and cognition in humans. Knowledge about multi sensory integration has research techniques and approaches, including neurophysiology, experimental psychology, neuropsychology, neuroimaging, and computational modelling. This special issue aims at presenting an up-to-date integrative overview of the physiological, psychological, developmental, and functional processes associated with multisensory integration. The proposed collection of papers is organized thematically into sections, each featuring a state-of-the-art review of key themes in multisensory research, from more approaches in the animal, to the study of multisensory perception and cognition in humans. Specifically, this special issue will consider: The physiological mechanisms of multisensory processing in cortical and subcortical brain structures of model animal species, (rat, cat, and monkey); current biologically inspired computational modelling of multisensory integration; evidence about the multisensory contributions to perception in humans, as highlighted by psychophysical and neuropsychological evidence; the neural basis of multisensory processing in the human brain uncovered by recent neuroimaging techniques, including EEG, PET, fMRI; the consequences of the breakdown of normal sensory integration as shown by studies with techniques of brain stimulation in humans; developmental processes of multisensory perception in humans and the constrains for the emergence of multisensory processes in relation to sensory experience; the issue of crossmodal neuroplasticity concerning behavioral and neural changes following sensory deprivation. The challenge of this Research Topic is to provide an interdisciplinary context allowing to understand the basic principles of multisensory integration in humans and the key issues that this fascinating field of study rises for future research.
Vestibular Cognition
Author: Publisher: BRILL
ISBN: 9004342249
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 305
Book Description
In this volume specific cognitive sub-functions are identified and indications of how basic vestibular input contributes to each are described. The broad range of these functions is consistent with the broad spread of vestibular projections throughout the cortex. Combining vestibular signals about the head’s orientation relative to gravity with information about head position relative to the body provides sufficient information to map body position onto the ground surface and underlie the sense of spatial position. But vestibular signals are also fundamental to sensorimotor control and even to high-level bodily perception such as the sense of body ownership and the anchoring of perspective to the body. Clinical observations confirm the essential role of vestibular signals in maintaining a coherent self-representation and suggest some novel rehabilitation strategies. The chapters presented in this volume are previously published in a Special Issue of Multisensory Research, Volume 28, Issue 5-6 (2015). Contributors are: M. Barnett-Cowan, O. Blanke, J. Blouin, G. Bosco, G. Bottini, J.-P. Bresciani, J.C. Culham, C.L. Darlington, A.W. Ellis, E.R. Ferrè, M. Gandola, L. Grabherr, S. Gravano, P. Grivaz, E. Guillaud, P. Haggard, L.R. Harris, A.E.N. Hoover, I. Indovina, K. Jáuregu Renaud, M. Kaliuzhna, F. Lacquaniti, B. Lenggenhager, C. Lopez, G. Macauda, V. Maffei, F.W. Mast, B. La Scaleia, B.M. Seemungal, M. Simoneau, P.F. Smith, J.C. Snow, D. Vibert, M. Zago, and Y. Zheng.
Neural Mechanisms of Multisensory Cue Integration for Self-motion Perception
Author: Christopher Robert FetschPublisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 334
Book Description
Sensation of Movement
Author: Thor GrünbaumPublisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1317238559
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 255
Book Description
Sensation of Movement explores the role of sensation in motor control, bodily self-recognition and sense of agency. The sensation of movement is dependent on a range of information received by the brain, from signalling in the peripheral sensory organs to the establishment of higher order goals. Through the integration of neuroscientific knowledge with psychological and philosophical perspectives, this book questions whether one type of information is more relevant for the ability to sense and control movement. Addressing conscious sensations of movement, experimental designs and measures, and the possible functions of proprioceptive and kinaesthetic information in motor control and bodily cognition, the book advocates the integration of neuroscientific knowledge and philosophical perspectives. With an awareness of the diverse ideas and theories from these distinct fields, the book brings together leading researchers to bridge these divides and lay the groundwork for future research. Of interest to both students and researchers of consciousness, Sensation of Movement will be essential reading for those researching motor control, multimodal perception, bodily self-recognition, and sense of agency. It aims to encourage the integration of multiple perspectives in order to arrive at new insights into how sensation of movement can be studied scientifically.
Motion Perception with Conflicting Or Congruent Visual and Vestibular Cues
Author: Andrew Alan RaderPublisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 145
Book Description
Introduction: We are required on a daily basis to estimate our position and motion in space by centrally combining noisy, incomplete, and potentially conflicting or ambiguous, information from both sensory sources (e.g. vestibular organs, visual, proprioceptive), and non-sensory sources (e.g. efferent copy, cognition)). This "spatial orientation" is normally subconscious, and information from multiple sense organs is automatically fused into perception. As late as the early nineteenth century, very little was known about the underlying mechanisms, and our understanding of some critical factors such as such as how the brain resolves the tilt-translation ambiguity is only now beginning to be understood. The otolith organs function like a three-axis linear accelerometer, responding to the vector difference between gravity and linear acceleration (GIF= g - a). How does the brain separate gravity from linear acceleration? How does the brain combine cues from disparate sensors to derive an overall perception of motion? What happens if these sensors provide conflicting information? Humans routinely perform balance tasks on a daily basis, sometimes in the absence of visual cues. The inherent complexity of the tasks is evidenced by the wide range of balance pathologies and locomotive difficulties experienced by people with vestibular disorders. Maintaining balance involves stabilizing the body's inverted pendulum dynamics where the center of rotation (at the ankles) is below the center of mass and the vestibular sensors are above the center of rotation (for example, swaying above the ground level or balancing during standing or walking). This type of swing motion is also encountered in most fixed-wing aircraft and flight simulators, where the pilot is above the center of roll. Swing motions where the center of mass and sensors are below the center of rotation are encountered on a child's swing, and in some high-wing aircraft and helicopters. Spatial orientation tasks requiring central integration of sensory information are ubiquitous in aerospace. Spatial disorientation, often triggered by unusual visual or flight conditions, is attributed to around 10% of aviation accidents, and many of these are fatal. Simulator training is a key factor in establishing the supremacy of instrument-driven flight information over vestibular and other human sensory cues in the absence of reliable visual information. It therefore becomes important to ensure that simulators re-create motion perceptions as accurately as possible. What cues can safely be ignored or replaced with analogous cues? How realistic and consistent must a visual scene be to maintain perceptual fidelity? Spatial orientation is also a critical human factor in spaceflight. Orientation and navigation are impaired by the lack of confirming gravitation cues in microgravity, as sensory cues are misinterpreted and generate the incorrect motion perceptions. These persist at least until the vestibular or central nervous system pathways adapt to the altered gravity environment, however human navigation never fully adapts to the three dimensional frame. There is a wealth of data describing the difficulties with balance, gait, gaze control, and spatial orientation on return to Earth. Post-flight ataxia (a neurological sign of gross incoordination of motor movements) is a serious concern for all returning space travelers for at least ten days. This would be an even more serious concern for newly arrived astronauts conducting operations extraterrestrial environments after a long space flight. What motion profiles in a lunar landing simulator on Earth will best prepare astronauts for the real task in an altered gravity environment? Far from being a problem restricted to a human operator, the aerospace systems themselves face the same challenge of integrating sensory information for navigation. Modeling how the brain performs multi-sensory integration has analogies to how aircraft and spacecraft perform this task, and in fact modelers have employed similar techniques. Thus, developments in modeling multi-sensory integration improve our understanding of both the operator and the vehicle. Specifically, this research is concerned with how human motion perception is affected during swing motion when vestibular information is incomplete or ambiguous, or when conflicting visual information is provided.
Multisensory Integration in Spatial Orientation
Author: Maaike de VrijerPublisher:
ISBN: 9789090248783
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 144
Book Description