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Author: Gaetano Lisi Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
Following the evidence that housing costs may impair the proper functioning of the labour market, this paper develops a search and matching model where trading frictions in the mortgage, housing and labour markets interact with each other. Precisely, the employment status affects the probability to get a mortgage. In turn, the granting or not of the mortgage affects the housing tenure choice (tenancy or owner occupancy). Finally, the housing tenure choice affects the unemployment rate. It will show that tenants generate a greater effort in searching for a job than homeowners, since employed workers have a greater chance of getting a mortgage to buy a home. As a result, the positive correlation between the homeownership and unemployment rates emerges as quite consistent with the evidence that homeowners tend to be unemployed less often than tenants.
Author: Gaetano Lisi Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
Following the evidence that housing costs may impair the proper functioning of the labour market, this paper develops a search and matching model where trading frictions in the mortgage, housing and labour markets interact with each other. Precisely, the employment status affects the probability to get a mortgage. In turn, the granting or not of the mortgage affects the housing tenure choice (tenancy or owner occupancy). Finally, the housing tenure choice affects the unemployment rate. It will show that tenants generate a greater effort in searching for a job than homeowners, since employed workers have a greater chance of getting a mortgage to buy a home. As a result, the positive correlation between the homeownership and unemployment rates emerges as quite consistent with the evidence that homeowners tend to be unemployed less often than tenants.
Author: Richard K. Green Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 74
Book Description
In this article, we test whether tenure choice influences employment. This influence might arise through a number of channels, including transaction costs, lock-in effects, wealth effects, externalities and commuting times. These factors could collectively have either a positive or negative effect on employment outcomes. Using Current Population Survey panel data from 1988 to 2013, we conclude that tenure rates do not statistically influence employment growth rates. Using Panel Study of Income Dynamics data from 1994 to 2011 and Survey of Income and Program Participation data from 1995 to 2013, we conclude that home-owning does not increase peoples' unemployment probabilities or significantly increase people's unemployment spells or decrease people's wages. But home-owning does affect employment by lengthening employment durations and increasing the likelihood of interstate moves. By investigating some features of home-owing - presence of mortgages, negative equity, wealth accumulation and attachment to communities - we conclude that having mortgages, negative equity and wealth accumulation might affect job outcomes, largely in a positive direction.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
(Uncorrected OCR) ABSTRACT In Hong Kong, due to the government's strong intervention in the housing market, the housing subsidy system and rationing on owner-occupation and the public rental housing sector have significant impact on households' tenure decisions. As laid down in the first and second Long Term Housing Strategy respectively in 1987 and 1998. the government adopted an active policy of promoting home ownership towards privatization via various subsidies, like the Home Ownership Scheme (I IOS) and the I lome Purchase Loan Scheme (HPLS). During this period, property ownership was also regarded as an inflation-resistant investment and an effective wealth accumulation vehicle. Unfortunately, the property market slump following the 1997 Asian Financial Crisis has come to mean Ihe cessation of the "wealth escalator" function of property ownership. In view of lackluster property market and the political pressure, the government took the unprecedented decision on 13 November 2002 to extricate itself from the role as a direct provider of subsidized sale flats, allowing market forces to address the problem. A new Home Assistance Loan Scheme (HALS) was introduced on 2 January, 2003 as a phase process. On 14 July 2004. the Hong Kong Housing Authority (HA) also ceased the provision of 1IALS in order to be freed from the heavy financial burden. Currently, the subsidized home ownership of 1 long Kong is abolished. It is noted that structural changes that characterize the housing and labor markets in the new age of global economy are creating some impact on housing market behavior. As the risks arising from the higher incidence of unemployment, low wage work and volatile housing prices increase, homeowners now prudently, re-assess the terms and conditions before committing to mortgage arrangements. This research centers on investigating the determinants of tenure choice from the approved purchasers of HALS and their views over producer and customer subsidies to home own.
Author: Nicolas P. Retsinas Publisher: Brookings Institution Press ISBN: 0815706030 Category : Political Science Languages : en Pages : 512
Book Description
A Brookings Institution Press and Harvard University Joint Center for Housing Studies publication A generation ago little attention was focused on low-income homeownership. Today homeownership rates among under-served groups, including low-income households and minorities, have risen to record levels. These groups are no longer at the margin of the housing market; they have benefited from more flexible underwriting standards and greater access to credit. However, there is still a racial/ethnic gap and the homeownership rates of minority and low-income households are still well below the national average. This volume gathers the observations of housing experts on low-income homeownership and its effects on households and communities. The book is divided into five chapters which focus on the following subjects: homeownership trends in the 1990s; overcoming borrower constraints; financial returns to low-income homeowners; low-income loan performance; and the socioeconomic impact of homeownership.
Author: Bulent Guler Publisher: ISBN: Category : Housing Languages : en Pages : 372
Book Description
In the first chapter, I study the effects of innovations in information technology on the housing market. Specifically, I focus on the improved ability of lenders to assess the credit risk of home buyers, which has become possible with the emergence of automated underwriting systems in the United States in the mid-1990s. I develop a standard life-cycle model with incomplete markets and idiosyncratic income uncertainty. I explicitly model the housing tenure choice of the households: rent/purchase decision for renters and stay/sell/default decision for homeowners. Risk-free lenders offer mortgage contracts to prospective home buyers and the terms of these contracts depend on the observable characteristics of households. Households are born as either good credit risk types--having a high time discount factor--or bad types--having a low time discount factor. The type of the household is the only source of asymmetric information between households and lenders. I find that as lenders have better information about the type of households, the average down payment fraction decreases together with an increase in the average mortgage premium, the foreclosure rate, and the dispersions of mortgage interest rates and down payment fractions, which are consistent with the trends in the housing market in the last 15 years. From a welfare perspective, I find that better information, on average, makes households better off. In the second chapter, I focus on the labor market behavior of couples. Search theory routinely assumes that decisions about the acceptance/rejection of job offers (and, hence, about labor market movements between jobs or across employment states) are made by individuals acting in isolation. In reality, the vast majority of workers are somewhat tied to their partners--in couples and families--and decisions are made jointly. This chapter studies, from a theoretical viewpoint, the joint job-search and location problem of a household formed by a couple (e.g., husband and wife) who perfectly pool income. The objective of the exercise, very much in the spirit of standard search theory, is to characterize the reservation wage behavior of the couple and compare it to the single-agent search model in order to understand the ramifications of partnerships for individual labor market outcomes and wage dynamics. We focus on two main cases. First, when couples are risk averse and pool income, joint-search yields new opportunities--similar to on-the job search--relative to the single-agent search. Second, when couples face offers from multiple locations and a cost of living apart, joint-search features new frictions and can lead to significantly worse outcomes than single-agent search. Finally, in the third chapter, I focus on the relation between house prices and interest rates. Although interest rates and housing prices seem mostly to have a negative relation in the data, the relation does not seem to be stable. For example, the recent run up in the global housing prices is generally explained by globally low interest rates. On the other hand, there have been periods where housing prices and interest rates moved together. Motivated by these observations, I formulate a two period OLG model to find out the form of the relationship between interest rates and housing prices. It appears that the distribution of homeownership is also important for housing price dynamics. I show that housing prices in the equilibrium do not always have a negative relation with interest rates.
Author: Hans-Joachim Dübel Publisher: World Bank Publications ISBN: Category : Housing policy Languages : en Pages : 109
Book Description
Massive privatizations of housing in Europe and Central Asia transition countries have significantly reduced rental tenure choice, threatening to impede residential mobility. Policymakers are intensifying their search for adequate policy responses aimed at broadening tenure choice for more household categories through effective rental housing alternatives in the social and private sectors. While the social alternative requires substantial and well-balanced subsidies, the private alternative will not grow unless rent, management, and tax reforms are boldly implemented and housing privatization truly completed.
Author: Geoffrey Meen Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 9780792373070 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 286
Book Description
Spatial fixity is one of the characteristics that distinguishes housing from most other goods and services in the economy. In general, housing cannot be moved from one part of the country to another in response to shortages or excesses in particular areas. The modelling of housing markets and the interlinkages between markets at different spatial levels - international, national, regional and urban - are the main themes of this book. A second major theme is disaggregation, not only in terms of space, but also between households. The book argues that aggregate time-series models of housing markets of the type widely used in Britain and also in other countries in the past have become less relevant in a world of increasing income dispersion. Typically, aggregate relationships will break down, except under special conditions. We can no longer assume that traditional location or tenure patterns, for example, will continue in the future. The book has four main components. First, it discusses trends in housing markets both internationally and within nations. Second, the book develops theoretical housing models at each spatial scale, starting with national models, moving down to the regional level and, then, to urban models. Third, the book provides empirical estimates of the models and, finally, the models are used for policy analysis. Analysis ranges over a wide variety of topics, including explanations for differing international house price trends, the causes of housing cycles, the role of credit markets, regional housing market interactions and the role of housing in urban/suburban population drift.
Author: Matthew Chambers Publisher: ISBN: Category : Mortgage loans Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
"The last decade has brought about substantial mortgage innovation and increased refinancing. The objective of the paper is to understand the determinants and implications of mortgage choice in the context of general equilibrium model with incomplete markets. The equilibrium characterization allows us to study the impact of mortgage financing = decisions in the productive economy. We show the influence of different contract characteristics such as the downpayment requirement, repayment structure, and the amortization schedule for mortgage choice. We find that loan products that allow for low or no downpayment or an increasing repayment schedule increase the participation of young and lower income households. We find evidence that the volume of housing transactions increase when the payment profile is increasing and households have little housing equity. In contrast, we show that loans that allow for a rapid accumulation of home equity can still have positive participation effects without increasing the volatility of the housing market. The model predicts that the expansion of mortgage contracts and refinancing improves risk sharing opportunities for homeowners but the magnitude varies with each contract"--Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis web site.
Author: Gaetano Lisi
Author: Gaetano Lisi
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Author: Richard K. Green
Author: Stijn Baert
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Author: Nicolas P. Retsinas
Author: Bulent Guler
Author: Hans-Joachim Dübel
Author: Geoffrey Meen
Author: Matthew Chambers