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Author: Marian Meller Publisher: GRIN Verlag ISBN: 3638360970 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 125
Book Description
In business cycle theory, credit can be regarded either as enhancement mechanism for monetary policy or as source of random shocks to the economy. The current paper compares the effects of monetary shocks via the credit channel (“money shocks”) with non-monetary shocks to bank lending (“credit shocks”) by introducing them into a single benchmark model. The lending channel serves as a propagation mechanism for both type of disturbances that both come from the supply side and affect the financial sector first. The key feature of the model framework is limited participation: households have to make their portfolio decision before observing the shock. To generate a credit shock, stochastic bank capital and a capital adequacy constraint are added to the model. Each of the models can only explain some of the business cycle phenomena observed in U.S. data. In particular, the money shock model can account for the positive correlation of money, loans, and prices. The bank capital shock scenario is more approriate to replicate the countercyclical movements of prices. Both models produce a strong, short-lived liquidity effect on nominal interest rates.
Author: Marian Meller Publisher: GRIN Verlag ISBN: 3638360970 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 125
Book Description
In business cycle theory, credit can be regarded either as enhancement mechanism for monetary policy or as source of random shocks to the economy. The current paper compares the effects of monetary shocks via the credit channel (“money shocks”) with non-monetary shocks to bank lending (“credit shocks”) by introducing them into a single benchmark model. The lending channel serves as a propagation mechanism for both type of disturbances that both come from the supply side and affect the financial sector first. The key feature of the model framework is limited participation: households have to make their portfolio decision before observing the shock. To generate a credit shock, stochastic bank capital and a capital adequacy constraint are added to the model. Each of the models can only explain some of the business cycle phenomena observed in U.S. data. In particular, the money shock model can account for the positive correlation of money, loans, and prices. The bank capital shock scenario is more approriate to replicate the countercyclical movements of prices. Both models produce a strong, short-lived liquidity effect on nominal interest rates.
Author: Ms.Valerie Cerra Publisher: International Monetary Fund ISBN: 1513536990 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 50
Book Description
Traditionally, economic growth and business cycles have been treated independently. However, the dependence of GDP levels on its history of shocks, what economists refer to as “hysteresis,” argues for unifying the analysis of growth and cycles. In this paper, we review the recent empirical and theoretical literature that motivate this paradigm shift. The renewed interest in hysteresis has been sparked by the persistence of the Global Financial Crisis and fears of a slow recovery from the Covid-19 crisis. The findings of the recent literature have far-reaching conceptual and policy implications. In recessions, monetary and fiscal policies need to be more active to avoid the permanent scars of a downturn. And in good times, running a high-pressure economy could have permanent positive effects.
Author: Lawrence J. Christiano Publisher: ISBN: Category : Business cycles Languages : en Pages : 62
Book Description
We develop and implement a limited information diagnostic strategy for assessing the plausibility of monetary business cycle models. Our strategy focuses on a model's ability to reproduce empirical estimates of an actual economy's response to monetary policy shocks. A key input to this diagnostic is a univariate time series representation of the response of money to a shock in monetary policy. We find that a monetary policy shock has only a small contemporaneous effect on the monetary base and M1. Its primary effect is to signal future movements in the money supply. We implement our diagnostic strategy on a limited participation model of money which stresses the importance of credit market frictions in the monetary transmission mechanism.
Author: Francesco Manaresi Publisher: International Monetary Fund ISBN: 1498315917 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 75
Book Description
We study the impact of bank credit on firm productivity. We exploit a matched firm-bank database covering all the credit relationships of Italian corporations, together with a natural experiment, to measure idiosyncratic supply-side shocks to credit availability and to estimate a production model augmented with financial frictions. We find that a contraction in credit supply causes a reduction of firm TFP growth and also harms IT-adoption, innovation, exporting, and adoption of superior management practices, while a credit expansion has limited impact. Quantitatively, the credit contraction between 2007 and 2009 accounts for about a quarter of observed the decline in TFP.
Author: William R. Keeton Publisher: Routledge ISBN: 135179891X Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 196
Book Description
This study, first published in 1979, examines and contrasts two concepts of credit rationing. The first concept takes the relevant price of credit to be the explicit interest rate on the loan and defines the demand for credit as the amount an individual borrower would like to receive at that rate. Under the alternative definition, the price of credit consists of the complete set of loan terms confronting a class of borrowers with given characteristics, while the demand for credit equals the total number of loan which members of the class would like to receive at those terms. This title will be of interest to students of monetary economics.
Author: Publisher: Elsevier ISBN: 0080932703 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 754
Book Description
What tools are available for setting and analyzing monetary policy? World-renowned contributors examine recent evidence on subjects as varied as price-setting, inflation persistence, the private sector's formation of inflation expectations, and the monetary policy transmission mechanism. Stopping short of advocating conclusions about the ideal conduct of policy, the authors focus instead on analytical methods and the changing interactions among the ingredients and properties that inform monetary models. The influences between economic performance and monetary policy regimes can be both grand and muted, and this volume clarifies the present state of this continually evolving relationship. Explores the models and practices used in formulating and transmitting monetary policies Raises new questions about the volume, price, and availability of credit in the 2007-2010 downturn Questions fiscal-monetary connnections and encourages new thinking about the business cycle itself Observes changes in the formulation of monetary policies over the last 25 years
Author: Sebastian Edwards Publisher: University of Chicago Press ISBN: 9780226184944 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 782
Book Description
Economists and policymakers are still trying to understand the lessons recent financial crises in Asia and other emerging market countries hold for the future of the global financial system. In this timely and important volume, distinguished academics, officials in multilateral organizations, and public and private sector economists explore the causes of and effective policy responses to international currency crises. Topics covered include exchange rate regimes, contagion (transmission of currency crises across countries), the current account of the balance of payments, the role of private sector investors and of speculators, the reaction of the official sector (including the multilaterals), capital controls, bank supervision and weaknesses, and the roles of cronyism, corruption, and large players (including hedge funds). Ably balancing detailed case studies, cross-country comparisons, and theoretical concerns, this book will make a major contribution to ongoing efforts to understand and prevent international currency crises.
Author: Mr.Jaromir Benes Publisher: International Monetary Fund ISBN: 1475505523 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 71
Book Description
At the height of the Great Depression a number of leading U.S. economists advanced a proposal for monetary reform that became known as the Chicago Plan. It envisaged the separation of the monetary and credit functions of the banking system, by requiring 100% reserve backing for deposits. Irving Fisher (1936) claimed the following advantages for this plan: (1) Much better control of a major source of business cycle fluctuations, sudden increases and contractions of bank credit and of the supply of bank-created money. (2) Complete elimination of bank runs. (3) Dramatic reduction of the (net) public debt. (4) Dramatic reduction of private debt, as money creation no longer requires simultaneous debt creation. We study these claims by embedding a comprehensive and carefully calibrated model of the banking system in a DSGE model of the U.S. economy. We find support for all four of Fisher's claims. Furthermore, output gains approach 10 percent, and steady state inflation can drop to zero without posing problems for the conduct of monetary policy.
Author: Mr.Ayhan Kose Publisher: International Monetary Fund ISBN: 1451871325 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 77
Book Description
We provide a comprehensive empirical characterization of the linkages between key macroeconomic and financial variables around business and financial cycles for 21 OECD countries over the period 1960–2007. In particular, we analyze the implications of 122 recessions, 112 (28) credit contraction (crunch) episodes, 114 (28) episodes of house price declines (busts), 234 (58) episodes of equity price declines (busts) and their various overlaps in these countries over the sample period. Our results indicate that interactions between macroeconomic and financial variables can play major roles in determining the severity and duration of recessions. Specifically, we find evidence that recessions associated with credit crunches and house price busts tend to be deeper and longer than other recessions. JEL Classification Numbers: E32; E44; E51; F42
Author: Marian Meller
Author: Marian Meller
Author: Ms.Valerie Cerra
Author: Lawrence J. Christiano
Author: Francesco Manaresi
Author: A. W. Mullineux
Author: William R. Keeton
Author: 
Author: Sebastian Edwards
Author: Mr.Jaromir Benes
Author: Mr.Ayhan Kose