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Author: Sarah Marie Martz Publisher: ISBN: 9781124665542 Category : Languages : en Pages : 193
Book Description
Combined Cooling, Heating and Power (CCHP) presents an opportunity in commercial buildings to reduce electrical loads while increasing efficiency and emissions. In particular, High Temperature Fuel Cells (HTFCs) coupled with Absorption Chillers represent an opportunity to provide electricity, heating, and cooling to buildings at very high efficiencies. Because this combination has been demonstrated on only a few occasions, a need is evident for detailed system modeling and optimization to assure that the technology can meet its full potential and serve a wide variety of applications. In this thesis, the installation of a HTFC-Absorption Chiller system is analyzed and modeled in order to determine a favorable strategy for installation into an existing but generic commercial office building. Building loads were monitored and analyzed to establish the building electrical and HVAC demand. For the purposes of this system analysis, the HTFC is assumed to operate at steady state at all times. A steady state absorption chiller model was created in Aspen Plus® in order to analyze different operating points, given varied fuel cell exhaust conditions. Next, a dynamic absorption chiller model was created in Matlab Simulink®. This thermodynamic model incorporated mixing volumes, thermal mass, and transport delay in order to capture transient effects in the absorption chiller. The Aspen Plus® and Simulink® absorption chiller models were verified against manufacturer provided steady state data. Since the exhaust leaving the fuel cell during normal operating conditions was too high, analyses were performed with the steady state model to determine the best methods of reducing the temperature of the fuel cell exhaust. In parallel, simulations were run with the transient model to determine the ability of the absorption chiller to follow dynamic cooling loads throughout the day. Finally, representative load days were simulated while imposing operational constraints on the dynamic absorption chiller model. The use of a thermal energy storage (TES) tank was also analyzed. The most simple temperature reduction method, which alters the fuel cell steam-to-carbon ratio, is favored, combined with methods of diverting unnecessary exhaust from the chiller and sending it to a heat recovery unit. A heating-only mode, with the chiller configured for heat recovery, is the most effective method for energy utilization during the winter, when the cooling demand is marginal.
Author: Sarah Marie Martz Publisher: ISBN: 9781124665542 Category : Languages : en Pages : 193
Book Description
Combined Cooling, Heating and Power (CCHP) presents an opportunity in commercial buildings to reduce electrical loads while increasing efficiency and emissions. In particular, High Temperature Fuel Cells (HTFCs) coupled with Absorption Chillers represent an opportunity to provide electricity, heating, and cooling to buildings at very high efficiencies. Because this combination has been demonstrated on only a few occasions, a need is evident for detailed system modeling and optimization to assure that the technology can meet its full potential and serve a wide variety of applications. In this thesis, the installation of a HTFC-Absorption Chiller system is analyzed and modeled in order to determine a favorable strategy for installation into an existing but generic commercial office building. Building loads were monitored and analyzed to establish the building electrical and HVAC demand. For the purposes of this system analysis, the HTFC is assumed to operate at steady state at all times. A steady state absorption chiller model was created in Aspen Plus® in order to analyze different operating points, given varied fuel cell exhaust conditions. Next, a dynamic absorption chiller model was created in Matlab Simulink®. This thermodynamic model incorporated mixing volumes, thermal mass, and transport delay in order to capture transient effects in the absorption chiller. The Aspen Plus® and Simulink® absorption chiller models were verified against manufacturer provided steady state data. Since the exhaust leaving the fuel cell during normal operating conditions was too high, analyses were performed with the steady state model to determine the best methods of reducing the temperature of the fuel cell exhaust. In parallel, simulations were run with the transient model to determine the ability of the absorption chiller to follow dynamic cooling loads throughout the day. Finally, representative load days were simulated while imposing operational constraints on the dynamic absorption chiller model. The use of a thermal energy storage (TES) tank was also analyzed. The most simple temperature reduction method, which alters the fuel cell steam-to-carbon ratio, is favored, combined with methods of diverting unnecessary exhaust from the chiller and sending it to a heat recovery unit. A heating-only mode, with the chiller configured for heat recovery, is the most effective method for energy utilization during the winter, when the cooling demand is marginal.
Author: Yang Shi Publisher: John Wiley & Sons ISBN: 111928337X Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 199
Book Description
A comprehensive review of state-of-the-art CCHP modeling, optimization, and operation theory and practice This book was written by an international author team at the forefront of combined cooling, heating, and power (CCHP) systems R&D. It offers systematic coverage of state-of-the-art mathematical modeling, structure optimization, and CCHP system operation, supplemented with numerous illustrative case studies and examples. CCHP systems are an exciting emerging energy technology offering significant economic and environmental benefits. Combined Cooling, Heating, and Power Systems: Modelling, Optimization, and Operation is a timely response to ongoing efforts to maximize the efficiency of that technology. It begins with a survey of CCHP systems from the technological and societal perspectives, offering readers a broad and stimulating overview of the field. It then digs down into topics crucial for optimal CCHP operation. Discussions of each topic are carefully structured, walking readers from introduction and background to technical details. A set of new methodologies for the modeling, optimization and control of CCHP systems are presented within a unified framework. And the authors demonstrate innovative solutions to a variety of CCHP systems problems using new approaches to optimal power flow, load forecasting, and system operation design. Provides a comprehensive review of state-of-the-art of CCHP system development Presents new methodologies for mathematical modeling, optimization, and advanced control Combines theoretical rigor with real-world application perspectives Features numerous examples demonstrating an array of new design strategies Reflects the combined experience of veteran researchers in the field whose contributions are well recognized within the energy community Offers excellent background reading for students currently enrolled in the growing number of courses on energy systems at universities worldwide Timely, authoritative, and offering a balanced presentation of theory and practice, Combined Cooling, Heating, and Power Systems: Modelling, Optimization, and Operation is a valuable resource forresearchers, design practitioners, and graduate students in the areas of control theory, energy management, and energy systems design.
Author: Kyle S. Hosford Publisher: ISBN: 9781303641657 Category : Languages : en Pages : 162
Book Description
Clean distributed generation power plants can provide a much needed balance to our energy infrastructure in the future. A high-temperature fuel cell and an absorption chiller can be integrated to create an ideal combined cooling, heat, and power system that is efficient, quiet, fuel flexible, scalable, and environmentally friendly. With few real-world installations of this type, research remains to identify the best integration and operating strategy and to evaluate the economic viability and market potential of this system. This thesis informs and documents the design of a high-temperature fuel cell and absorption chiller demonstration system at a generic office building on the University of California, Irvine (UCI) campus. This work details the extension of prior theoretical work to a financially-viable power purchase agreement (PPA) with regard to system design, equipment sizing, and operating strategy. This work also addresses the metering and monitoring for the system showcase and research and details the development of a MATLAB code to evaluate the economics associated with different equipment selections, building loads, and economic parameters. The series configuration of a high-temperature fuel cell, heat recovery unit, and absorption chiller with chiller exhaust recirculation was identified as the optimal system design for the installation in terms of efficiency, controls, ducting, and cost. The initial economic results show that high-temperature fuel cell and absorption chiller systems are already economically competitive with utility-purchased generation, and a brief case study of a southern California hospital shows that the systems are scalable and viable for larger stationary power applications.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 4
Book Description
This paper discusses the integration of fuel cell power plants and absorption chillers to cogenerate chilled water or hot water/steam for all weather air conditioning as one possible approach to building system applications. Absorption chillers utilize thermal energy in an absorption based cycle to chill water. It is feasible to use waste heat from fuel cells to provide hydronic heating and cooling. Performance regimes will vary as a function of the supply and quality of waste heat. Respective performance characteristics of fuel cells, absorption chillers and air conditioning systems will define relationships between thermal and electrical load capacities for the combined systems. Specifically, this paper develops thermodynamic relationships between bulk electrical power and cooling/heating capacities for combined fuel cell and absorption chiller system in building applications.
Author: I. Pilatowsky Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 1849960283 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 171
Book Description
Although conventional cogeneration systems have been used successfully in the last two decades, most of them have been large units using mainly hydrocarbon fuels that are becoming increasingly expensive. New cogeneration systems based on fuel cells and sorption air conditioning systems promise to be an energy-saving alternative for situations when cooling, heating and power are needed at low and medium capacities. Cogeneration Fuel Cell-Sorption Air Conditioning Systems examines the thermodynamic principles of fuel cell performance and sorption air conditioning systems, and gives relevant information about the state of the art of these technologies. It also provides the reader with the theoretical bases and knowledge needed to understand the operation of these new cogeneration systems, as well as discussing the design basis and economical evaluation. Topics covered include: • selected fuel cells for cogeneration CHP processes; • state-of-the-art sorption refrigeration systems; • potential applications in demonstration projects; and • profitability assessment of the cogeneration system. Air conditioning and fuel cell engineers; postgraduates and researchers in energy fields; and designers of cooling, heating and power cogeneration systems will find Cogeneration Fuel Cell-Sorption Air Conditioning Systems a useful and informative reference.
Author: Farkhondeh Jabari Publisher: Springer Nature ISBN: 3030424200 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 357
Book Description
This book presents design principles, performance assessment and robust optimization of different poly-generation systems using renewable energy sources and storage technologies. Uncertainties associated with demands or the intermittent nature of renewables are considered in decision making processes. Economic and environmental benefits of these systems in comparison with traditional fossil fuels based ones are also provided. Case studies, numerical results, discussions, and concluding remarks have been presented for each proposed system/strategy. This book is a useful tool for students, researchers, and engineers trying to design and evaluate different zero-energy and zero-emission stand-alone grids.
Author: Nicolae Badea Publisher: Springer ISBN: 1447162544 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 396
Book Description
This book provides a manual for the technical and structural design of systems for supplying decentralised energy in residential buildings. It presents the micro-combined cooling, heating & power systems Stirling engines & renewable energy sources (mCCHP-SE-RES) systems in an accessible manner both for the public at large, and for professionals who conceive, design or commercialise such systems or their components. The high performance levels of these systems are demonstrated within the final chapter by the results of an experiment in which a house is equipped with a mCCHP-SE-RES system. The reader is also familiarized with the conceptual, technical and legal aspects of modern domestic energy systems; the components that constitute these systems; and advanced algorithms for achieving the structural and technical design of such systems. In residential buildings, satisfying demands of durable development has gradually evolved from necessity to obligation and institutionalisation. Consequently a major paradigm change has appeared in the supply of energy to residential buildings, from the centralised production of energy using fossil fuels to the decentralised production of energy using local renewable sources. Furthermore, on the energy system market, energy micro systems which use renewable energy sources are increasingly commercialised. From among these, the mCCHP-SE-RES systems are particularly striking because they offer a high performance and they enhance the relationship between humans and the environment. This book is intended for postgraduate students of electrical engineering, applied mathematicians, and researchers of modelling and control of complex systems or power system technologies.
Author: Masood Ebrahimi Publisher: Elsevier ISBN: 0080999921 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 219
Book Description
A professional reference title written primarily for researchers in thermal engineering, Combined Cooling, Heating and Power: Decision-Making, Design and Optimization summarizes current research on decision-making and optimization in combined cooling, heating, and power (CCHP) systems. The authors provide examples of using these decision-making tools with five examples that run throughout the book. - Offers a unique emphasis on newer techniques in decision-making - Provides examples of decision-making tools with five examples that run throughout the book
Author: Francesco Calise Publisher: MDPI ISBN: 3038973963 Category : Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) Languages : en Pages : 347
Book Description
This book is a printed edition of the Special Issue "Selected Papers from SDEWES 2017: The 12th Conference on Sustainable Development of Energy, Water and Environment Systems" that was published in Energies
Author: Meng Ni Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry ISBN: 1849737770 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 539
Book Description
Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) are promising electrochemical power generation devices that can convert chemical energy of a fuel into electricity in an efficient, environmental-friendly, and quiet manner. Due to their high operating temperature, SOFCs feature fuel flexibility as internal reforming of hydrocarbon fuels and ammonia thermal cracking can be realized in SOFC anode. This book presents an overview of the SOFC technology with a focus on the recent developments in new technologies and new ideas for addressing the key issues of SOFC development. This book first introduces the fundamental principles of SOFCs and compares SOFC technology with conventional heat engines as well as low temperature fuel cells. Then the latest developments in SOFC R&D are reviewed and future directions are discussed. Key issues related to SOFC performance improvement, long-term stability, mathematical modelling, as well as system integration/control are addressed, including material development, infiltration technique for nano-structured electrode fabrication, focused ion beam – scanning electron microscopy (FIB-SEM) technique for microstructure reconstruction, the Lattice Boltzmann Method (LBM) simulation at pore scale, multi-scale modelling, SOFC integration with buildings and other cycles for stationary applications.
Author: Sarah Marie Martz
Author: Sarah Marie Martz
Author: Yang Shi
Author: Kyle S. Hosford
Author: 
Author: I. Pilatowsky
Author: Farkhondeh Jabari
Author: Nicolae Badea
Author: Masood Ebrahimi
Author: Francesco Calise
Author: Meng Ni