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Author: Mohamed Taher Zaki Hassan Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
The increasing number of fatalities and injuries in motor vehicle accidents highlights the importance of studying occupants' response during collisions; specifically, the head and neck due to their vulnerability. In this research program, we study the occupant kinematic response and kinetic behavior during frontal, rear and lateral motor vehicle collisions. In view of its severity and commonality, rear-end collisions leading to whiplash, have been given additional attention. The work, which is conducted analytically, numerically and experimentally, is divided into four integrated sections. First, an analytical multibody dynamics model (MBD) of the head and the neck was developed to determine the head response during simulated frontal, lateral and rear impacts. Second, extensive nonlinear dynamic finite element (FE) simulations were carried out to study the occupant response in the aforementioned impact scenarios using detailed vehicle and occupant numerical models. Third, a novel head-neck prototype was developed to experimentally validate the newly developed MBD and FE models. Fourth, a novel shock absorber was developed using foam-filled frusta. The FE simulations were extended to examine a number of safety strategies, involving seat belt, head restraint, airbag and shock absorber on the occupant response during rear-end collisions. The outcomes of this work provide greater understanding of occupants' neck injury mechanism in vehicle collisions. Our results further reveal that in frontal impacts, the capsular ligament (CL) and the interspinous ligament (ISL) are vulnerable to injury, while in lateral collisions, the highest ligament elongation was reported for the CL, exceeding a stipulated injury threshold. In rear-end collisions, the anterior longitudinal ligament was at risk of injury, as well as the ISL and the CL during neck flexion. Our work reveals that the frontal airbag plays an important role in preventing excessive neck flexion in rear impact, and that the newly proposed shock absorber can lead to improved occupant safety. Additionally, it further shows that the experimentally developed head-neck 3D printed prototype response is in good agreement with the MBD and FE predictions. The prototype can be used as the core for developing head-neck models in future anthropomorphic test dummies.
Author: Mohamed Taher Zaki Hassan Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
The increasing number of fatalities and injuries in motor vehicle accidents highlights the importance of studying occupants' response during collisions; specifically, the head and neck due to their vulnerability. In this research program, we study the occupant kinematic response and kinetic behavior during frontal, rear and lateral motor vehicle collisions. In view of its severity and commonality, rear-end collisions leading to whiplash, have been given additional attention. The work, which is conducted analytically, numerically and experimentally, is divided into four integrated sections. First, an analytical multibody dynamics model (MBD) of the head and the neck was developed to determine the head response during simulated frontal, lateral and rear impacts. Second, extensive nonlinear dynamic finite element (FE) simulations were carried out to study the occupant response in the aforementioned impact scenarios using detailed vehicle and occupant numerical models. Third, a novel head-neck prototype was developed to experimentally validate the newly developed MBD and FE models. Fourth, a novel shock absorber was developed using foam-filled frusta. The FE simulations were extended to examine a number of safety strategies, involving seat belt, head restraint, airbag and shock absorber on the occupant response during rear-end collisions. The outcomes of this work provide greater understanding of occupants' neck injury mechanism in vehicle collisions. Our results further reveal that in frontal impacts, the capsular ligament (CL) and the interspinous ligament (ISL) are vulnerable to injury, while in lateral collisions, the highest ligament elongation was reported for the CL, exceeding a stipulated injury threshold. In rear-end collisions, the anterior longitudinal ligament was at risk of injury, as well as the ISL and the CL during neck flexion. Our work reveals that the frontal airbag plays an important role in preventing excessive neck flexion in rear impact, and that the newly proposed shock absorber can lead to improved occupant safety. Additionally, it further shows that the experimentally developed head-neck 3D printed prototype response is in good agreement with the MBD and FE predictions. The prototype can be used as the core for developing head-neck models in future anthropomorphic test dummies.
Author: Jerzy Kisilowski Publisher: Springer Nature ISBN: 3030913988 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 309
Book Description
This books reviews and brings readers up to date with the latest research knowledge on road traffic safety. It describes and discusses mathematical descriptions of the process of a motor vehicle crash and indicates the various factors that impact on collision models. It tackles also vehicle stability and shows how the forces generated in crashes result in different extents of post-accident repair. Mathematical models that simulate vehicle stability data are compared with those of real vehicles. Practical uses of the models are explained to readers. The book will be of interest to researchers in transport and vehicle technology well as automotive industry professionals.
Author: Dario Vangi Publisher: Butterworth-Heinemann ISBN: 0128127511 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 215
Book Description
Vehicle Collision Dynamics provides a unified framework and timely collection of up-to-date results on front crash, side crash and car to car crashes. The book is ideal as a reference, with an approach that's simple, clear, and easy to comprehend. As the mathematical and software-based modelling and analysis of vehicle crash scenarios have not been systematically investigated, this is an ideal source for further study. Numerous academic and industry studies have analyzed vehicle safety during physical crash scenarios, thus material responses during crashes serve as one of the most important performance indices for mechanical design problems. In addition to mathematical methodologies, this book provides thorough coverage of computer simulations, software-based modeling, and an analysis of methods capable of providing more flexibility. - Unifies existing and emerging concepts concerning vehicle crash dynamics - Provides a series of latest results in mathematical-based modeling from front and oblique perspectives - Contains almost everything needed to capture the essence of model development and analysis for vehicle crash - Includes both numerical and simulation results given in each chapter - Presents a comprehensive, up-to-date reference that encourages further study
Author: Matthew Brach Publisher: SAE International ISBN: 1468604198 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 598
Book Description
In this third edition of Vehicle Accident Analysis & Reconstruction Methods, Raymond M. Brach and R. Matthew Brach have expanded and updated their essential work for professionals in the field of accident reconstruction. Most accidents can be reconstructed effectively using of calculations and investigative and experimental data: the authors present the latest scientific, engineering, and mathematical reconstruction methods, providing a firm scientific foundation for practitioners. Accidents that cannot be reconstructed using the methods in this book are rare. In recent decades, the field of crash reconstruction has been transformed through the use of technology. The advent of event data records (EDRs) on vehicles signaled the era of modern crash reconstruction, which utilizes the same physical evidence that was previously available as well as electronic data that are measured/captured before, during, and after the collision. There is increased demand for more professional and accurate reconstruction as more crash data is available from vehicle sensors. The third edition of this essential work includes a new chapter on the use of EDRs as well as examples using EDR data in accident reconstruction. Early chapters feature foundational material that is necessary for the understanding of vehicle collisions and vehicle motion; later chapters present applications of the methods and include example reconstructions. As a result, Vehicle Accident Analysis & Reconstruction Methods remains the definitive resource in accident reconstruction.
Author: Raymond M Brach Publisher: SAE International ISBN: 076805740X Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 445
Book Description
Designed for the experienced practitioner, this new book aims to help reconstruction specialists with problems they may encounter in everyday analysis. The authors demonstrate how to take the physics behind accidents out of the idealized world and into practical situations. Real-world examples are used to illustrate the methods, clarify important concepts, and provide practical applications to those working in the field. Thoroughly revised, this new edition builds on the original exploration of accident analysis, reconstruction, and vehicle design. Enhanced with new material and improved chapters on key topics, an expanded glossary of automotive terms, and a bibliography at the end of the book providing further reading suggestions make this an essential resource reference for engineers involved in litigation, forensic investigation, automotive safety, and crash reconstruction. Police officers, attorneys, and insurance professionals will also find the book to be a definitive resource in reconstructing accident scenes. New Topics: • Event data recorders (EDRs) • Frictional drag coefficients for sliding tires • Railroad grade-crossing collisions • New practical applications of mathematical methods Enhanced Features: • Expanded glossary of automotive terms • Bibliography with further reading suggestions • Improved chapters on tire forces, rollover accidents, crush energy, pedestrian collisions, vehicle dynamic simulation
Author: United States. Public Roads Bureau Publisher: ISBN: Category : Accidents Languages : en Pages : 108
Book Description
Principal findings of this study were that geometrics alone account for only a small portion of the variance in accidents and that no relationship could be established between fatalities and the geometrics studied. The geometrics studied include several types of interchanges, paved shoulders, sight distance, delineators, surface types, and other variables. Mathematical models were developed which can provide estimates of the average number of accidents on a particular type of highway or interchange, using the appropriate variables.
Author: Dominique Lord Publisher: Elsevier ISBN: 0128168196 Category : Law Languages : en Pages : 504
Book Description
Highway Safety Analytics and Modeling comprehensively covers the key elements needed to make effective transportation engineering and policy decisions based on highway safety data analysis in a single. reference. The book includes all aspects of the decision-making process, from collecting and assembling data to developing models and evaluating analysis results. It discusses the challenges of working with crash and naturalistic data, identifies problems and proposes well-researched methods to solve them. Finally, the book examines the nuances associated with safety data analysis and shows how to best use the information to develop countermeasures, policies, and programs to reduce the frequency and severity of traffic crashes. Complements the Highway Safety Manual by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials Provides examples and case studies for most models and methods Includes learning aids such as online data, examples and solutions to problems
Author: Mohamed Taher Zaki Hassan
Author: Mohamed Taher Zaki Hassan
Author: Jerzy Kisilowski
Author: Dario Vangi
Author: Matthew Brach
Author: Raymond M Brach
Author: Joseph Ferreira
Author: United States. Public Roads Bureau
Author: Antonios Markopoulos
Author: 
Author: Dominique Lord