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Author: Joanne Slatter Publisher: ISBN: 9781303462160 Category : DNA Languages : en Pages : 65
Book Description
By using microwave radiation as a means to lyse bacterial cells, the extracted DNA can be amplified using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). This work, in conjunction with the work of other collaborating labs on the project, allows for rapid detection of bacteria in a field portable device, termed microwave/prep-chip device. Cells will be introduced into the device via flow injection analysis and lysed by means of microwave radiation equipped with a flow cell. The lysate will then flow into a microfluidic device and be separated into its components based on charge. Results of these investigations have shown that DNA can be extracted from a whole cell sample suspended in a water solvent and amplified when the cells are exposed to microwave radiation at 90 °C for 5 minutes. After microwave heating lysing, DNA has been extracted and successfully amplified by adding the resulting supernatant to the PCR reaction mixture without additional sample clean up steps. It is important to determine conditions in which DNA can still be extracted and amplified, but also allow for the downstream separation and analysis of proteins, peptides, and lipids. The effects of an acidic solvent on DNA extraction and amplification were also tested between 0.1% and a 12% formic acid solvent, with successful amplification in the 0.1% to 4% formic acid solvent samples but no amplification in the 6% formic acid and greater samples. It has also been demonstrated that in increase in DNA amplification can be seen when the whole cell samples are microwave heated in a gold nanoparticle solution.
Author: Joanne Slatter Publisher: ISBN: 9781303462160 Category : DNA Languages : en Pages : 65
Book Description
By using microwave radiation as a means to lyse bacterial cells, the extracted DNA can be amplified using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). This work, in conjunction with the work of other collaborating labs on the project, allows for rapid detection of bacteria in a field portable device, termed microwave/prep-chip device. Cells will be introduced into the device via flow injection analysis and lysed by means of microwave radiation equipped with a flow cell. The lysate will then flow into a microfluidic device and be separated into its components based on charge. Results of these investigations have shown that DNA can be extracted from a whole cell sample suspended in a water solvent and amplified when the cells are exposed to microwave radiation at 90 °C for 5 minutes. After microwave heating lysing, DNA has been extracted and successfully amplified by adding the resulting supernatant to the PCR reaction mixture without additional sample clean up steps. It is important to determine conditions in which DNA can still be extracted and amplified, but also allow for the downstream separation and analysis of proteins, peptides, and lipids. The effects of an acidic solvent on DNA extraction and amplification were also tested between 0.1% and a 12% formic acid solvent, with successful amplification in the 0.1% to 4% formic acid solvent samples but no amplification in the 6% formic acid and greater samples. It has also been demonstrated that in increase in DNA amplification can be seen when the whole cell samples are microwave heated in a gold nanoparticle solution.
Author: Erico Marlon Moraes Flores Publisher: Newnes ISBN: 0444594442 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 415
Book Description
Microwave-Assisted Sample Preparation for Trace Element Analysis describes the principles, equipment, and applications involved in sample preparation with microwaves for trace element analysis. The book covers well-established applications as well as new trends in this field. Hot topics such as sample preparation for speciation, metabolomics, and halogen determination, as well as the alternatives of sample preparation for special samples (for example, carbon nanotubes, polymers, petroleum products), are also discussed. The use of microwaves in sample preparation has increased in recent decades. Several applications of microwaves for sample preparation can be found in the literature for practically all types of sample matrices, especially for the determination of trace elements by atomic spectrometric techniques, safely and cleanly reducing the time involved in this step. Microwave-assisted sample preparation is not only a tool for research but also for routine analysis laboratories; the state-of-the-art in sample preparation in trace element analysis. This book is the only resource for chemists specifically focused on this topic. The first book to describe the principles, equipment, and applications in microwave-assisted sample preparation Written by experts in the field who provide a comprehensive overview of the important concepts Introduces new alternatives and trends in microwave-assisted techniques
Author: Farid Chemat Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 1461448301 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 248
Book Description
With increasing energy prices and the drive to reduce CO2 emissions, food industries are challenged to find new technologies in order to reduce energy consumption, to meet legal requirements on emissions, product/process safety and control, and for cost reduction and increased quality as well as functionality. Extraction is one of the promising innovation themes that could contribute to sustainable growth in the chemical and food industries. For example, existing extraction technologies have considerable technological and scientific bottlenecks to overcome, such as often requiring up to 50% of investments in a new plant and more than 70% of total process energy used in food, fine chemicals and pharmaceutical industries. These shortcomings have led to the consideration of the use of new "green" techniques in extraction, which typically use less solvent and energy, such as microwave extraction. Extraction under extreme or non-classical conditions is currently a dynamically developing area in applied research and industry. Using microwaves, extraction and distillation can now be completed in minutes instead of hours with high reproducibility, reducing the consumption of solvent, simplifying manipulation and work-up, giving higher purity of the final product, eliminating post-treatment of waste water and consuming only a fraction of the energy normally needed for a conventional extraction method. Several classes of compounds such as essential oils, aromas, anti-oxidants, pigments, colours, fats and oils, carbohydrates, and other bioactive compounds have been extracted efficiently from a variety of matrices (mainly animal tissues, food, and plant materials). The advantages of using microwave energy, which is a non-contact heat source, includes more effective heating, faster energy transfer, reduced thermal gradients, selective heating, reduced equipment size, faster response to process heating control, faster start-up, increased production, and elimination of process steps. This book will present a complete picture of the current knowledge on microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) of bioactive compounds from food and natural products. It will provide the necessary theoretical background and details about extraction by microwaves, including information on the technique, the mechanism, protocols, industrial applications, safety precautions, and environmental impacts.
Author: George S. Zweifel Publisher: John Wiley & Sons ISBN: 1119086760 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 416
Book Description
This book bridges the gap between sophomore and advanced / graduate level organic chemistry courses, providing students with a necessary background to begin research in either an industry or academic environment. • Covers key concepts that include retrosynthesis, conformational analysis, and functional group transformations as well as presents the latest developments in organometallic chemistry and C–C bond formation • Uses a concise and easy-to-read style, with many illustrated examples • Updates material, examples, and references from the first edition • Adds coverage of organocatalysts and organometallic reagents
Author: Tonya Santaus Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 606
Book Description
Rapid sample preparation is one of the main hindrances to infectious bacterial identification. To aid in rapid and efficient sample preparation, gold microwave lysing triangles (MLTs) was developed. Gold MLTs serve as a platform to focus microwaves directly to the center of a sample subsequently increasing the electromagnetic energy and temperature. This increase in energy and temperature allows for rapid cellular lysis followed by DNA/RNA fragmentation as well as protein/enzyme degradation and substantially lower activity.
Author: Somenath Mitra Publisher: John Wiley & Sons ISBN: 0471457825 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 480
Book Description
The importance of accurate sample preparation techniques cannot be overstated--meticulous sample preparation is essential. Often overlooked, it is the midway point where the analytes from the sample matrix are transformed so they are suitable for analysis. Even the best analytical techniques cannot rectify problems generated by sloppy sample pretreatment. Devoted entirely to teaching and reinforcing these necessary pretreatment steps, Sample Preparation Techniques in Analytical Chemistry addresses diverse aspects of this important measurement step. These include: * State-of-the-art extraction techniques for organic and inorganic analytes * Sample preparation in biological measurements * Sample pretreatment in microscopy * Surface enhancement as a sample preparation tool in Raman and IR spectroscopy * Sample concentration and clean-up methods * Quality control steps Designed to serve as a text in an undergraduate or graduate level curriculum, Sample Preparation Techniques in Analytical Chemistry also provides an invaluable reference tool for analytical chemists in the chemical, biological, pharmaceutical, environmental, and materials sciences.
Author: Gerrit J. Viljoen Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 1402034040 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 325
Book Description
PREFACE The Joint FAO/IAEA Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture is involved in agricultural research and development and assists Member States of FAO and IAEA in improving strategies to ensure food security through the use of nuclear techniques and related biotechnologies, where such techniques have a valuable and often unique role. In particular, molecular diagnostic methods have rapidly evolved in the past twenty years, since the advent of the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). They are used in a wide range of agricultural areas such as, improving soil and water management; producing better crop varieties; diagnosing plant and animal diseases; controlling insect pests and improving food quality and safety. The uses of nucleic acid-directed methods have increased significantly in the past five years and have made important contributions to disease control country programmes for improving national and international trade. These developments include the more routine use of PCR as a diagnostic tool in veterinary diagnostic laboratories. However, there are many problems associated with the transfer and particularly, the application of this technology. These include lack of consideration of: the establishment of quality-assured procedures, the required set-up of the laboratory and the proper training of staff. This can lead to a situation where results are not assured. This book gives a comprehensive account of the practical aspects of PCR and strong consideration is given to ensure its optimal use in a laboratory environment. This includes the setting-up of a PCR laboratory; Good Laboratory Practice and standardised of PCR protocols.
Author: Ursula Kües Publisher: Universitätsverlag Göttingen ISBN: 3940344117 Category : Forest products industry Languages : en Pages : 646
Book Description
In the year 2001, Prof. Dr. Ursula Kües was appointed at the Faculty of Forest Sciences and Forest Ecology of the Georg-August-University Göttingen to the chair Molecular Wood Biotechnology endowed by the Deutsche Bundesstiftung Umwelt (DBU). Her group studies higher fungi in basic and applied research. Research foci are on mushroom development and on fungal enzymes degrading wood and their applications in wood biotechnology. This book has been edited to thank the DBU for all support given to the chair Molecular Wood Biotechnology. Contributions to the book are from scientists from Göttingen recognised in different fields of forestry and wood science. Chapters presented by members of the group Molecular Wood Biotechnology introduces into their areas of research. The book is designed for interested students of wood biology and wood technology but will also address scientists in the field.
Author: Satoshi Horikoshi Publisher: John Wiley & Sons ISBN: 3527338152 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 426
Book Description
A comprehensive overview covering the principles and preparation of catalysts, as well as reactor technology and applications in the field of organic synthesis, energy production, and environmental catalysis. Edited and authored by renowned and experienced scientists, this reference focuses on successful reaction procedures for applications in industry. Topics include catalyst preparation, the treatment of waste water and air, biomass and waste valorisation, hydrogen production, oil refining as well as organic synthesis in the presence of heterogeneous and homogeneous catalysts and continuous-flow reactions. With its practical relevance and successful methodologies, this is a valuable guide for chemists at universities working in the field of catalysis, organic synthesis, pharmaceutical or green chemistry, as well as researchers and engineers in the chemical industry.
Author: Joanne Slatter
Author: Joanne Slatter
Author: Erico Marlon Moraes Flores
Author: Farid Chemat
Author: George S. Zweifel
Author: Tonya Santaus
Author: Antoon D. L. Akkermans
Author: Somenath Mitra
Author: Gerrit J. Viljoen
Author: Ursula Kües
Author: Satoshi Horikoshi