Metabolic State and Follicular Development in the Postpartum Dairy Cow PDF Download

Author: Marcel Frajblat
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Dairy cattle
Languages : en
Pages : 498

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Author: Stephen Wayne Beam
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Dairy cattle
Languages : en
Pages : 522

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Author: Stephen Thomas Butler
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 410

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Author: Yasmin Schuermann
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :

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Book Description
"Reproductive longevity amongst dairy cattle is a hallmark for sustainable dairy production. Nevertheless, subfertility has plagued modern dairy cows. More specifically, failure of cows to physiologically adapt during the transition period can negatively impact subsequent reproductive performance, which is the major cause of involuntary culling in Canadian dairy herds. Although nulliparous heifers are known to have higher reproductive success than their lactating counterparts, there is lack of research investigating the similarities and differences of the metabolic indicators and the oxidative stress markers between nulliparous heifers, primiparous cows, and multiparous cows. Analysis of plasma metabolites revealed that primiparous and multiparous cows have lower levels of circulating glucose, triglycerides, and very low-density lipoprotein and higher levels of total bile acids, total-cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, and the ferric reducing ability of plasma compared to nulliparous heifers in the weeks leading up to planned time of breeding. In general, the metabolic profile was drastically altered in multiparous cows where -hydroxybutyric acid levels at one week prior to planned time of breeding was 2-fold higher compared to heifers. We expect that these metabolic profiles were reflected to a large extent in the follicular fluid. Body condition score (BCS) assessment is a management tool to visually appraise lipid mobilization during the transition period. Severe loss of body condition during the transition period until the planned time of breeding has been associated with reduced fertility. Our data showed that cows losing severe body condition had higher levels of circulating non-esterified fatty acids (NEFAs) and ??-glutamyltransferase (GGT) suggesting greater difficulty of liver adaptation to early lactation. These metabolic changes appear to have altered the ovarian follicular microenvironment, since the follicular fluid from the dominant follicle collected at 7 weeks post-partum from cows losing more body condition had lower levels of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) and estradiol. This is in line with the gene transcription profile of the granulosa cells that was also drastically altered as CYP19A1, NR5A2, IGF1R, and LHCGR transcript levels were lower in cows losing more body condition. Taken together, failure to adapt to early-lactation due to increased lipid mobilization has long-term consequences hindering the development of a competent dominant follicle. To further study the underlying mechanisms of infertility in cattle, we chose to investigate the role of extracellular signal-regulated kinase pathway 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) in bovine ovulation. To study ERK1/2 signaling in vivo for the first time in cattle, we administered PD0325901 (ERK1/2 signaling inhibitor) directly into the dominant follicle of cattle followed by an intramuscular injection of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) to stimulate a luteinizing hormone (LH) surge. First, we found that inhibition of ERK1/2 prevented ovulation in cattle. Second, we repeated the experiment collecting the ovary by colpotomy 6h post-GnRH. We then studied global transcriptomics in granulosa cells using RNA-seq technology and established a list of 285 LH-ERK1/2 regulated genes in granulosa cells. In this cohort of genes, we established that EGR1, ADAMTS1, STAT3 and TNFAIP6 expression was drastically decreased in cows treated with PD0325901 + GnRH, where the opposite is true for SLC16A1, which is a monocarboxylate transporter, transporting substances such as -hydroxybutyrate, across the plasma membrane, and no change in STAR expression was observed.Taken together, this thesis provides an insight into the relationship between metabolism and ovarian function in the modern dairy cow." --

Author: Eva Zurek
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 112

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Author: Richard M. Hopper
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1118470850
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 2206

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Book Description
Bovine Reproduction is a comprehensive, current reference providing information on all aspects of reproduction in the bull and cow. Offering fundamental knowledge on evaluating and restoring fertility in the bovine patient, the book also places information in the context of herd health where appropriate for a truly global view of bovine theriogenology. Printed in full color throughout, the book includes 83 chapters and more than 550 images, making it the most exhaustive reference available on this topic. Each section covers anatomy and physiology, breeding management, and reproductive surgery, as well as obstetrics and pregnancy wastage in the cow. Bovine Reproduction is a welcome resource for bovine practitioners, theriogenologists, and animal scientists, as well as veterinary students and residents with an interest in the cow.

Author: Eva Zurek
Publisher: National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada
ISBN: 9780315951440
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 112

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Author: Philip C. Garnsworthy
Publisher: Nottingham Trent University
ISBN: 1904761224
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 352

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Book Description
This volume considers every aspect of calf rearing, from physiological principles to practical systems. Topics include physiology of growth and digestion, nutrient requirements, health and welfare, and lifetime performance. More than half the authors are from outside the UK and all are acknowledged as international experts in their field. This book is aimed at technical advisers, researchers, extension workers, veterinary practitioners, progressive farmers, academics and students.

Author: Burim N. Ametaj
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319430335
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 281

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Book Description
This book summarizes the results achieved so far by application of various biological systems (including genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics) involved in the pathomechanisms and early diagnosis of periparturient diseases as specific biomarkers of disease in cattle. These emerging technologies help to extensively enhance our understanding of the etiology and pathogenesis of periparturient diseases of transition dairy cows. The book includes a chapter dedicated to ‘omics’ sciences and one that discusses the myths established in animal and veterinary sciences in recent decades and emerging, new paradigms. The diseases discussed include metritis, mastitis, laminitis, ketosis, rumen acidosis, periparturient immunosuppression, gastrointestinal microbiota and their involvement in disease, infertility, fatty liver, milk fever, and retained placenta. This book is intended for academics, veterinarians, animal nutritionists, researchers, and graduate students working in the field of ‘omics sciences’ with a special interest in dairy cattle health.

Author: Bernard Jaffe
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 032316126X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 1071

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Book Description
Methods of Hormone Radioimmunoassay, Second Edition is a compilation of radioimmunoassay techniques for the quantification of hormones. Various kinds of hormones are considered, namely: intracellular messengers; hypothalamic and pineal hormones; pituitary hormones; thyroid and parathyroid hormones; renal hormones; hormones of the gastrointestinal tract; pancreatic hormones; steroid hormones; uterine and placental hormones; vasoactive peptide hormones; and growth factors. The corresponding method of radioimmunoassay for each hormone is described. This book is comprised of 49 chapters and begins with a discussion on the radioimmunoassay of cyclic adenosine-3',5-monophosphate (cAMP) and cyclic guanosine-3,5'-monophosphate (cGMP), together with problems related to measuring both compounds. The reader is then introduced to prostaglandins and prostaglandin metabolites, thyrotropin-releasing hormone, and gonadotropin-releasing hormone. Pituitaty gonadotropins, prolactin, and thyrotropin are also discussed. The remaining chapters deal with hormones of the gastrointestinal tract, pancreatic hormones, steroid hormones, and growth factors. This monograph is intended for both clinicians and investigators interested in methods of hormone radioimmunoassay.