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Author: Gerd Bobe Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 320
Book Description
Fatty liver is a major metabolic disorder of dairy cows in early lactation that compromises their health status and reproductive performance and in clinical cases decreases milk production and feed intake. Fatty liver can be treated with 14-d continuous, intravenous infusions of 10 mg/d of glucagon. The objective of the current study was to test whether treatment of fatty liver with 14-d subcutaneous injections of glucagon at 7.5 or 15 mg/d, which is more practical than infusion, would cause similar metabolic responses and improve health status and reproductive performance of dairy cows in early lactation. In the main study, multiparous Holstein cows (n=32) were grouped on the basis of their liver triacylglycerol concentration at d 8 postpartum into "Normal" (n=8; triacylglycerol 1% liver wet wt) and "Susceptible" (n=24; triacylglycerol 1% liver wet wt) cows. "Susceptible" cows were assigned randomly to three groups and beginning at d 8 postpartum received 0 (same for "Normal" cows), 2.5, or 5 mg of glucagon in 60 ml 0.15 M NaCl by subcutaneous injections every 8 h for 14 d. Subcutaneous injections of 15 mg/d of glucagon consistently increased concentrations of plasma glucose and insulin for 4 h, decreased concentrations of liver triacylglycerol in cows older than 3.5 years, and tended to decrease concentrations of plasma NEFA and BHBA. The effects of 15 mg/d of glucagon were not limited to the treatment period, because glucagon decreased the incidence of mastitis and days to first ovarian activity after the injection period. These results document that subcutaneous injections of 15 mg/d or glucagon improve metabolic status throughout the injection period and have the potential to treat fatty liver in older cows. The improved metabolic status in cows treated with 15 mg/d of glucagon in early lactation has long-term beneficial effects by improving health status and reproductive performance during the entire lactation.
Author: Gerd Bobe Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 320
Book Description
Fatty liver is a major metabolic disorder of dairy cows in early lactation that compromises their health status and reproductive performance and in clinical cases decreases milk production and feed intake. Fatty liver can be treated with 14-d continuous, intravenous infusions of 10 mg/d of glucagon. The objective of the current study was to test whether treatment of fatty liver with 14-d subcutaneous injections of glucagon at 7.5 or 15 mg/d, which is more practical than infusion, would cause similar metabolic responses and improve health status and reproductive performance of dairy cows in early lactation. In the main study, multiparous Holstein cows (n=32) were grouped on the basis of their liver triacylglycerol concentration at d 8 postpartum into "Normal" (n=8; triacylglycerol 1% liver wet wt) and "Susceptible" (n=24; triacylglycerol 1% liver wet wt) cows. "Susceptible" cows were assigned randomly to three groups and beginning at d 8 postpartum received 0 (same for "Normal" cows), 2.5, or 5 mg of glucagon in 60 ml 0.15 M NaCl by subcutaneous injections every 8 h for 14 d. Subcutaneous injections of 15 mg/d of glucagon consistently increased concentrations of plasma glucose and insulin for 4 h, decreased concentrations of liver triacylglycerol in cows older than 3.5 years, and tended to decrease concentrations of plasma NEFA and BHBA. The effects of 15 mg/d of glucagon were not limited to the treatment period, because glucagon decreased the incidence of mastitis and days to first ovarian activity after the injection period. These results document that subcutaneous injections of 15 mg/d or glucagon improve metabolic status throughout the injection period and have the potential to treat fatty liver in older cows. The improved metabolic status in cows treated with 15 mg/d of glucagon in early lactation has long-term beneficial effects by improving health status and reproductive performance during the entire lactation.
Author: Arnold Ray Hippen Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 276
Book Description
To test the hypothesis that glucagon will decrease the severity of fatty liver and prevent ketosis, glucagon was continuously infused via intravenous jugular catheters into dairy cattle in several physiological states. In preliminary dosage response studies, glucagon was infused into eight spayed Holstein heifers, four midlactation Holstein cows, and four early-lactation Brown Swiss cows in cross-over design trials at dosages of 20 mg/d or less for 48 h. Plasma glucose concentrations were increased by glucagon in a dose-dependent manner. Plasma nonesterified fatty acid and ketone body concentrations were not increased by glucagon at 5 mg/d or less, were increased in heifers at 10 mg/d, and increased in cows at 20 mg/d compared with preinfusion concentrations. Glucagon at 10 mg/d was the largest dosage tested in lactating cows that did not elicit a lipolytic or ketogenic response. Glucagon at 10 mg/d or vehicle then was infused for 14 d during a protocol to induce ketosis in 20 early-lactation Holstein cows already having fatty livers.
Author: Pengxiang She Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 280
Book Description
Forty early lactation Holstein cows were assigned to four groups of a 2 x 2 factorial design with two nutritional backgrounds (normal and ketosis-susceptible) and two levels of glucagon (O and 10 mg/d from 21 to 35 days postpartum) to study the regulation of glucose metabolism. In normal cows, plasma glucagon and glucose concentrations increased by about 6-fold and 10 mg/dl, respectively, during glucagon infusions, but plasma nonesterified fatty acids, [Beta]-hydroxybutyrate, and urea nitrogen did not change. Liver glycogen decreased at d 2 of glucagon infusions, but it was restored by d 7 and increased to 169% of baseline at 3 d after cessation of infusions. Milk and milk protein yield, but not milk lactose yield, decreased during glucagon infusions.
Author: Pierre Cronjé Publisher: CABI ISBN: 9780851997124 Category : Electronic books Languages : en Pages : 492
Book Description
The International Symposium on Ruminant Physiology (ISRP) is the premier forum for presentation and discussion of advances in knowledge of the physiology of ruminant animals. This book brings together edited versions of the keynote review papers presented at the symposium.
Author: National Research Council Publisher: National Academies ISBN: 0309049970 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 94
Book Description
In the past decade, animal scientists have learned that administering recombinantly derived somatotropin (growth hormone) to cows improves milk production and that giving beta-adrenergic agonists to meat animals improves productivity and leanness. In order for these metabolic modifiers to yield benefits, however, sound management of the animals' nutrition is necessary. This volume reports on how these substances work in the animals' metabolism, what effects they might have on nutrient requirements of domestic livestock, and what information should be developed further by investigators. The book explores the current understanding of the biology, structure, mechanisms of action, and treatment effects of somatotropin, beta-adrenergic agonists, and anabolic steroids. A companion volume to the Nutrient Requirements of Domestic Animals series, this authoritative volume will be required reading for animal scientists, researchers, veterinarians, livestock farmers, and faculty and students in university animal veterinary science programs.
Author: National Research Council Publisher: National Academies Press ISBN: 0309037956 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 384
Book Description
This lively book examines recent trends in animal product consumption and diet; reviews industry efforts, policies, and programs aimed at improving the nutritional attributes of animal products; and offers suggestions for further research. In addition, the volume reviews dietary and health recommendations from major health organizations and notes specific target levels for nutrients.
Author: Kim D. Rainsford Publisher: CRC Press ISBN: 0203646967 Category : Health & Fitness Languages : en Pages : 801
Book Description
Reviewing over a century of aspirin research and use, Aspirin and Related Drugs provides a comprehensive source of information on the history, chemistry, absorption in the body, therapeutic effects, toxicology, elimination, and future uses of aspirin. Highlighting the historical evolution of the salicylates and the commercial development of
Author: Jean Guy LeBlanc Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand ISBN: 1789239893 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 156
Book Description
B-group vitamins are involved in numerous metabolic reactions and their widespread deficiency can cause a large series of health problems. The aim of this book is to provide an update on the current use and perspectives of B-group vitamins. Novel methods to detect folates in pregnant women, the use and role of folate dentistry, the use of genotype notification to modify food intake behavior, thiamin metabolism in Archaea and its role in plants and in crop improvement, the use of riboflavin in blood safety and niacin in metabolic stress and resistance in dairy cows are some of the subjects that are described in this multitopic book written by authors from seven different countries.
Author: Gerd Bobe
Author: Gerd Bobe
Author: Arnold Ray Hippen
Author: Matthew Reid Waldrom
Author: Pengxiang She
Author: Mohamed Abdulraheem Osman
Author: Pierre Cronjé
Author: National Research Council
Author: National Research Council
Author: Kim D. Rainsford
Author: Jean Guy LeBlanc