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Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
The objective of this study was to determine the effects of method of barley grain processing (dry-rolled vs. pelleted barley) and source of oilseed (ground canola vs. ground flaxseed), arranged as a 2 x 2 factorial, on feed intake, ruminal fermentation, nutrient flow to the duodenum, and milk production and composition in dairy cows. Eight Holstein cows (655 " 69 kg; 83 " 16 DIM) were used in a replicated 4 x 4 Latin square with 28-d periods. Cows in one square were fitted with ruminal and duodenal cannulae. Cows fed dry-rolled barley consumed 1.8 to 3.5 kg/d more (P = 0.02) DM than those fed pelleted barley; however, source of supplemental dietary fat had no effect on DM intake. Ruminal pH was lower (P = 0.045) in cows fed pelleted barley compared to those fed dry-rolled barley. Ruminal concentration of acetate was greater (P = 0.001), whereas ruminal concentration of propionate tended to be lower (P = 0.11), in cows fed dry-rolled barley compared to those fed pelleted barley; consequently, the acetate:propionate ratio was higher (P = 0.01) in cows fed dry-rolled barley compared to those fed pelleted barley. Ruminal concentration of total VFA was unaffected (P> 0.05) by diet. Source of dietary fat had no effect on ruminal digestion of OM, NDF, ADF or starch; however, ruminal starch digestion was slightly higher in cows fed pelleted barley compared to those fed dry-rolled barley (90.8 vs. 89.5%). Total dietary fatty acid intake was higher (P 0.05) in cows consuming dry-rolled barley compared to those fed pelleted barley. Duodenal flow of C18:0 was lower, whereas that of C18:2n6c was higher (P
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
The objective of this study was to determine the effects of method of barley grain processing (dry-rolled vs. pelleted barley) and source of oilseed (ground canola vs. ground flaxseed), arranged as a 2 x 2 factorial, on feed intake, ruminal fermentation, nutrient flow to the duodenum, and milk production and composition in dairy cows. Eight Holstein cows (655 " 69 kg; 83 " 16 DIM) were used in a replicated 4 x 4 Latin square with 28-d periods. Cows in one square were fitted with ruminal and duodenal cannulae. Cows fed dry-rolled barley consumed 1.8 to 3.5 kg/d more (P = 0.02) DM than those fed pelleted barley; however, source of supplemental dietary fat had no effect on DM intake. Ruminal pH was lower (P = 0.045) in cows fed pelleted barley compared to those fed dry-rolled barley. Ruminal concentration of acetate was greater (P = 0.001), whereas ruminal concentration of propionate tended to be lower (P = 0.11), in cows fed dry-rolled barley compared to those fed pelleted barley; consequently, the acetate:propionate ratio was higher (P = 0.01) in cows fed dry-rolled barley compared to those fed pelleted barley. Ruminal concentration of total VFA was unaffected (P> 0.05) by diet. Source of dietary fat had no effect on ruminal digestion of OM, NDF, ADF or starch; however, ruminal starch digestion was slightly higher in cows fed pelleted barley compared to those fed dry-rolled barley (90.8 vs. 89.5%). Total dietary fatty acid intake was higher (P 0.05) in cows consuming dry-rolled barley compared to those fed pelleted barley. Duodenal flow of C18:0 was lower, whereas that of C18:2n6c was higher (P
Author: National Research Council Publisher: National Academies Press ISBN: 0309037956 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 384
Book Description
This lively book examines recent trends in animal product consumption and diet; reviews industry efforts, policies, and programs aimed at improving the nutritional attributes of animal products; and offers suggestions for further research. In addition, the volume reviews dietary and health recommendations from major health organizations and notes specific target levels for nutrients.
Author: Carine Reveneau Publisher: ISBN: Category : Coconut oil Languages : en Pages : 152
Book Description
Abstract: With the increasing environmental concern for N excretion in the environment, the nutrition of dairy cows meets new challenges to maintain milk production while decreasing dietary protein. Various strategies to improve efficiency of N utilization in milk production have been developed. Decreasing protozoal abundance and the corresponding improvement of microbial protein efficiency could improve this efficiency of dietary protein utilization. The feeding of fat usually decreases the abundance of protozoa but can have detrimental effect on ruminal fermentation and milk fat production, thus needing further study to ascertain the potential benefits relative to potential detriments. In a first study, the effects of the availability of dietary fatty acids from cottonseed oil on ruminal metabolism and milk fat production were investigated. In our study, feeding a mix of pelleted and delinted cottonseeds appeared to modify ruminal fatty acid metabolic processes, decreasing the risk of milk fat depression and tending to increase dry matter intake and milk production over time compared with conventional or pelleted cottonseeds. In a second study, the effects of feeding Rumensin (R) in combination with animal vegetable (AV) fat or coconut oil were fed to six rumen-cannulated dairy cows. Using omasal collection, I measured microbial protein efficiency and nutrient digestibility. By feeding R to control the extent of amino acid deamination and combined with fat to control protozoal abundance, the efficiency of microbial protein synthesis might be improved in dairy cows. Animal vegetable fat can be biohydrogenated in the rumen and decrease its effectiveness, but diets supplemented with coconut oil (CO; rich in medium chain FA) are more consistent in inhibiting protozoa. Total protozoal abundance was decreased by CO supplementation for all genera expect for Epidinium, which maintained its numbers but was decreased by AV+R. The low acetate to propionate ratio for CO was associated with a decreased ruminal NDF digestibility. There was no effect of diet on efficiency of microbial protein synthesis. DMI was 5 kg/d lower with CO. Milk production was lower when cows were fed CO than AV and when diets contained R. Milk fat depression (MFD) occurred with AV+R and CO. The decrease in protozoal abundance was not associated with an increase in microbial protein efficiency. The detrimental effect of CO on DMI affected the energy available for milk synthesis Omasal flows of FA were characterized by an increased percentage of trans 18:1 for AV and CO diets, a higher percentage of 12:0 and 14:0 for CO, and higher cis 18:1 for AV. Milk FA composition reflected the changes observed for omasal FA digesta flow. The de novo FA synthesis in the mammary gland was inhibited with R and F supplementation. Higher trans 18:1 FA in milk fat was also observed for AV and CO. The feeding of CO did not prevent MFD, and no interactions between R and S were detected. The feeding of CO did compromise ruminal biohydrogenation, with accumulation of trans 18:1 in the rumen and in milk fat.
Author: Christopher M. Dschaak Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 229
Book Description
Overall hypothesis in a series of lactation studies reported in this dissertation was that supplementing different rumen modifiers would have consistent responses on ruminal fermentation and lactational performance under optimal ruminal fermentative conditions. First experiment investigated the influence magnesium exchanged zeolite on ruminal fermentation and lactational performance. Intake of dry matter (DM), milk yield, milk fat concentration, and feed efficiency were not affected. Milk protein concentration tended (P = 0.15) to be higher for the zeolite total mixed ration (TMR). Ruminal pH tended to increase (P = 0.11) by feeding the sodium bicarbonate or the zeolite. A second lactation experiment determined the influence of quebracho condensed tannin extract (CTE) on ruminal fermentation and lactational performance. Supplementing CTE decreased intakes of DM and nutrients regardless of forage level thereby increasing feed efficiency. Milk yield and components were not affected. Milk urea N (MUN) and total VFA concentration decreased by supplementing CTE. Cows fed CTE had decreased ruminal ammonia-N and MUN concentrations, indicating that less ruminal N was lost as ammonia. A third lactation trial assessed whole safflower seeds (SS) on ruminal fermentation, lactational performance, and milk fatty acids. Feeding the Nutrasaff SS TMR (NSST) decreased intake of neutral detergent fiber. Digestibilities of nutrients, milk yield and components, ruminal pH, ruminal VFA, and ammonia-N were similar. Ruminal C16:0 fatty acid (FA) concentration increased with the cottonseed TMR (CST), while C18:1 cis-9 and C18:2 n-6 tended (P = 0.10 and P = 0.09, respectively) to increase with SS supplementation. Supplementing SS decreased milk C16:0 concentration, whereas it increased C18:1 cis-9 and C18:1 trans-9. Milk C18:1 trans-11 FA and cis-9, trans-11 conjugated linoleic acid increased and tended (P = 0.07) to increase with feeding the NSST. Feeding zeolite would cost-effectively replace sodium bicarbonate as a ruminal buffer, whereas CTE may change the route of N excretion, having less excretion into urine, but more into feces. Whole SS can be an effective fat supplement to lactating dairy cows without negative impacts on lactational performance and milk FA. These studies demonstrate that the three rumen modifiers can positively manipulate ruminal fermentation.
Author: Charlotte Jacobsen Publisher: Elsevier ISBN: 0857098861 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 454
Book Description
Omega-3 fatty acids provide many health benefits, from reducing cardiovascular disease to improving mental health, and consumer interest in foods enriched with omega-3 fatty acids is increasing. Formulating a product enriched with these fatty acids that is stable and has an acceptable flavour is challenging. Food enrichment with omega-3 fatty acids provides an overview of key topics in this area.Part one, an introductory section, reviews sources of omega-3 fatty acids and their health benefits. Chapters in part two explore the stabilisation of both fish oil itself and foods enriched with omega-3 fatty acids. Part three focuses on the fortification of different types of foods and beverages with omega-3 fatty acids, including meat products, by the modification of animal diets and other methods, infant formula and baked goods. Finally, part four highlights new directions in the field and discusses algal oil as a source of omega-3 fatty acids and labelling and claims in foods containing omega-3 fatty acids.Food enrichment with omega-3 fatty acids is a standard reference for professionals in the functional foods industry involved with research, development and quality assessment and for researchers in academia interested in food lipids, oxidation and functional foods. - Provides a comprehensive overview of formulating a product enriched with omega-3 fatty acids that is stable, provides many health benefits and has an acceptable flavour - Reviews sources of omega-3 fatty acids and their health benefits and explores the stabilisation of fish oil and foods enriched with omega-3 fatty acids - Focuses on the fortification of different types of foods and beverages with omega-3 fatty acids and highlights new directions in the field
Author: William W. Christie Publisher: Elsevier ISBN: 1483152723 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 461
Book Description
Lipid Metabolism in Ruminant Animals is a nine-chapter book that first discusses the anatomy, physiology, and microbiology of the ruminant digestive tract. Subsequent chapters center on lipid metabolism in the rumen; digestion, absorption and transport of lipids in ruminant animals; the composition, structure and function of lipids in the tissues of ruminant animals; and the effects of diet and other factors on the lipid composition of ruminant tissues and milk. Other chapters focus on lipid metabolism in the mammary gland, adipose tissue, liver, and other selected tissues of ruminant animals.
Author: P.N. Hobson Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 9400914539 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 741
Book Description
The Preface to the first edition of this book explained the reasons for the publication of a comprehensive text on the rumen and rumen microbes in 1988. The microbes of the ruminant's forestomach and those in related organs in other animals and birds provide the means by which herbivorous animals can digest and obtain nutriment from vegetation. In turn, humans have relied, and still do rely, on herbivores for much of their food, clothing and motive power. Herbivores also form the food of carnivorous animals and birds in the wild. The importance of the rumen microorganisms is thus apparent. But, while a knowledge of rumen organisms is not strictly neces sary for the normal, practical feeding of farm animals, in recent years there has been much more emphasis on increasing the productivity of domesti cated animals and in rearing farm animals on unusual feedstuffs. Here, a knowledge of the reactions of the rumen flora, and the limits to these reactions, can be invaluable. In addition, anaerobic rumen-type microor ganisms are found in the intestines of omnivores, including humans, and can be implicated in diseases of humans and animals. They are also found in soils and natural waters, where they playa part in causing pollution and also in reducing it, while the same organisms confined in artificial systems are essential for the purification of sewage and other polluting and toxic wastes.
Author: Zsuzsanna Bosze Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 0387740872 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 492
Book Description
Dairy foods have huge potential concerning functional foods. Therefore, there is a tremendous amount of interest in value-added milk products and the identification of components in food which have health benefits. This book provides an overview of these derived components and their diverse activities including: the stimulation of beneficial microflora, alerting the immune system to the presence of potential pathogens and allergens, binding and eliminating toxins, etc.
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Author: Attje-Rieke Sterk
Author: National Research Council![Dietary Source and Availibility [i.e. Availability] of Fatty Acids to Manipulate Ruminal Protozoa, Metabolism of Fat, and Milk Fatty Acid Profile in Lactating Dairy Cows PDF](https://books.google.com/books/content/images/frontcover/DFdYtAEACAAJ?fife=w80-h100)
Author: Carine Reveneau
Author: Christopher M. Dschaak
Author: Charlotte Jacobsen
Author: William W. Christie
Author: P.N. Hobson
Author: Miriam Louise Kelly
Author: Zsuzsanna Bosze