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Author: David Morris Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
"Greenhouse gas emissions must be reduced dramatically in the coming decades to mitigate the effects of climate change. Carbon capture has been proposed as both a tool for climate change mitigation and as part of a contingency plan; however it has yet to be demonstrated on a large scale. Post-combustion carbon capture involves the separation of carbon dioxide from flue gas, which consists mostly of nitrogen. The current state-of-the-art carbon dioxide/nitrogen separation method involves flue gas scrubbing with amine solution, which requires enormous quantities of energy to regenerate. Using solid adsorbents instead of aqueous amines can reduce the regeneration energy. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are a new class of crystalline, microporous materials made up organic linkers coordinated by metal ions. MOFs are highly tunable and much effort goes into screening them as candidate materials for carbon capture. Material-specific parameters such as the regeneration energy and the working capacity are routinely used to compare candidate materials, however other metrics that consider the kinetics are needed to incorporate their effects on the process economics. To study these effects, two prototypical zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs)--ZIF-8 and rho-ZIF--were characterized using gas sorption analysis: pure component adsorption isotherms were collected and adsorption models were fit to the data. Multicomponent selectivity was modeled using ideal adsorbed solution theory. Optimization parameters known as the working capacity and regeneration energy were calculated for the ZIFs and compared with other carbon capture materials. The effect of micropore diffusion kinetics on the adsorption and desorption times of the temperature swing adsorption process were analyzed: a parameter called the cyclical working capacity, which is the time-dependent working capacity, was developed. Micropore diffusion significantly affects the cycle time and an optimum cycle time can be determined using the cyclical working capacity approach. A discussion on the effect of low-solvent synthesis (mechanochemistry) is also given along with calculation of the space-time yield (STY) for the ZIFs synthesized in this study. The importance of considering the STY for scale-up of MOFs for carbon capture was discussed." --
Author: David Morris Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
"Greenhouse gas emissions must be reduced dramatically in the coming decades to mitigate the effects of climate change. Carbon capture has been proposed as both a tool for climate change mitigation and as part of a contingency plan; however it has yet to be demonstrated on a large scale. Post-combustion carbon capture involves the separation of carbon dioxide from flue gas, which consists mostly of nitrogen. The current state-of-the-art carbon dioxide/nitrogen separation method involves flue gas scrubbing with amine solution, which requires enormous quantities of energy to regenerate. Using solid adsorbents instead of aqueous amines can reduce the regeneration energy. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are a new class of crystalline, microporous materials made up organic linkers coordinated by metal ions. MOFs are highly tunable and much effort goes into screening them as candidate materials for carbon capture. Material-specific parameters such as the regeneration energy and the working capacity are routinely used to compare candidate materials, however other metrics that consider the kinetics are needed to incorporate their effects on the process economics. To study these effects, two prototypical zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs)--ZIF-8 and rho-ZIF--were characterized using gas sorption analysis: pure component adsorption isotherms were collected and adsorption models were fit to the data. Multicomponent selectivity was modeled using ideal adsorbed solution theory. Optimization parameters known as the working capacity and regeneration energy were calculated for the ZIFs and compared with other carbon capture materials. The effect of micropore diffusion kinetics on the adsorption and desorption times of the temperature swing adsorption process were analyzed: a parameter called the cyclical working capacity, which is the time-dependent working capacity, was developed. Micropore diffusion significantly affects the cycle time and an optimum cycle time can be determined using the cyclical working capacity approach. A discussion on the effect of low-solvent synthesis (mechanochemistry) is also given along with calculation of the space-time yield (STY) for the ZIFs synthesized in this study. The importance of considering the STY for scale-up of MOFs for carbon capture was discussed." --
Author: David J. Fisher Publisher: Materials Research Forum LLC ISBN: 164490084X Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 140
Book Description
Metal-Organic Framework Materials (MOFs) are well suited for absorbing carbon dioxide. MOFs can form highly-porous structures with great adsorption capacities. They also offer good catalytic properties and much research refers to the relationship between catalytic performance and framework structure. In addition to simple CO2 absorption, there are other interesting applications, such as the direct electrochemical reduction into useful chemicals and fuels, the conversion of CO2 into methanol, the electrochemical reduction of CO2, or electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution (thus boosting the ‘hydrogen economy’). The book references 295 original resources and includes their direct web link for in-depth reading. Keywords: Global Warming, Carbon Dioxide Capture, Metal-Organic Frameworks MOFs, Adsorbents for CO2, Porous Solids, Catalytic Performance, Synthesis of MOFs, Conversion of CO2 into Methanol, Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution, Hydrogen Economy, Gas Adsorption, Gas Separation, Organic Ligands, Metal Ion Clusters.
Author: Sujit K. Ghosh Publisher: Elsevier ISBN: 0128146346 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 464
Book Description
Metal-Organic Frameworks for Environmental Applications examines this important topic, looking at potential materials and methods for the remediation of pressing pollution issues, such as heavy-metal contaminants in water streams, radioactive waste disposal, marine oil-spillage, the treatment of textile and dye industry effluents, the clean-up of trace amounts of explosives in land and water, and many other topics. This survey of the cutting-edge research and technology of MOFs is an invaluable resource for researchers working in inorganic chemistry and materials science, but it is also ideal for graduate students studying MOFs and their applications. Examines the applications of metal-organic frameworks for the remediation of environmental pollutants Features leading experts who research the applications of MOFs from around the world, including contributions from the United States, India and China Explores possible solutions to some of today’s most pressing environmental challenges, such as heavy-metal contamination in bodies of water, oil spills and clean-up of explosives hidden in land and water Provides an excellent reference for researchers and graduate students studying in the areas of inorganic chemistry, materials chemistry and environmental science
Author: Jennifer Wilcox Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 1461422159 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 337
Book Description
This book approaches the energy science sub-field carbon capture with an interdisciplinary discussion based upon fundamental chemical concepts ranging from thermodynamics, combustion, kinetics, mass transfer, material properties, and the relationship between the chemistry and process of carbon capture technologies. Energy science itself is a broad field that spans many disciplines -- policy, mathematics, physical chemistry, chemical engineering, geology, materials science and mineralogy -- and the author has selected the material, as well as end-of-chapter problems and policy discussions, that provide the necessary tools to interested students.
Author: Humbul Suleman Publisher: CRC Press ISBN: 1000537447 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 370
Book Description
A comprehensive resource on different aspects of sustainable carbon capture technologies including recent process developments, environmentally friendly methods, and roadmaps for implementations. It discusses also the socio-economic and policy aspects of carbon capture and the challenges, opportunities, and incentives for change with a focus on industry, policy, and governmental sector. Through applications in various fields of environmental health, and four selected case studies from four different practical regimes of carbon capture, the book provides guidelines for sustainable and responsible carbon capture and addresses current and future global energy, environment, and climate concerns.
Author: Craig Alan McAnally Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
Carbon Capture offers potential remediation for greenhouse gases from industrial point sources, and physical sorbents are an economically viable option, but one that requires optimisation. Here, materials were investigated to assess the effect of incorporation of functionalised ligands, which utilise a Lewis basic character, on the potential of such materials for Carbon Capture applications. Materials were investigated for their structural and adsorptive properties, allowing analysis and evaluation of the selective capture of carbon dioxide. Characterisation included single crystal X-ray diffraction, powder X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and elemental analysis. Adsorption properties were evaluated using volumetric nitrogen adsorption at 77 K, which showed all three materials experienced activated diffusion, and gravimetric carbon dioxide adsorption at 273 K. Further gravimetric adsorption analysis was performed at various temperatures using carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrogen gases, to analyse the performance of these materials under simulated conditions for carbon capture processes. Thermodynamic and kinetic properties were determined in order to provide an indication of the underlying processes governing diffusion and equilibration of adsorption.Three materials were investigated; Cu(bpetha)2SiF6 (bpetha = 1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethane), [Cu(TPT)]BF4.0.75H2O and [Cu(TPT)]NO3.MeOH (TPT = 1,3,5-tris(4-pyridyl)-2,4,6-triazine). Cu(bpetha)2SiF6 showed promising results for carbon dioxide adsorption (0.6 mmol g−1 at 100 kPa and 333 K), having kinetically selective behaviour for nitrogen and methane at timescales that are suitable for pressure swing adsorption processing (90 %/5 % of equilibrium uptake for carbon dioxide vs. nitrogen in under 3 min). The material also showed enhanced adsorption interactions towards carbonvdioxide as a consequence of electronegative fluorine atoms within the structure, and also exhibited flexibility of the framework towards carbon dioxide. [Cu(TPT)]BF4.0.75H2O showed poor adsorption capabilities for carbon dioxide (0.15 mmol g−1 at 100kPa and 333 K), which is ascribed to pore blocking effects of the anion within the structure. [Cu(TPT)]NO3.MeOH showed moderate uptakes for CO2 at low temperatures (1.96 mmol g−1 maximum capacity at 273 K), but demonstrated better adsorption capabilities for methane at higher temperatures (1.54 mmol g−1 at 100 kPa and 333 K). The framework experienced a large structural change upon adsorption, which was probed using methane at different temperatures.The results of this study showed that materials synthesised with inherent functionalisation could be developed to enhance carbon dioxide adsorption for Carbon Capture applications. However, other structural effects of the materials must be considered as the complexity of Metal-Organic Framework structures can influence the adsorption properties via a variety of mechanisms.
Author: Leonard R. MacGillivray Publisher: John Wiley & Sons ISBN: 1118931580 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 1210
Book Description
Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs) are crystalline compounds consisting of rigid organic molecules held together and organized by metal ions or clusters. Special interests in these materials arise from the fact that many are highly porous and can be used for storage of small molecules, for example H2 or CO2. Consequently, the materials are ideal candidates for a wide range of applications including gas storage, separation technologies and catalysis. Potential applications include the storage of hydrogen for fuel-cell cars, and the removal and storage of carbon dioxide in sustainable technical processes. MOFs offer the inorganic chemist and materials scientist a wide range of new synthetic possibilities and open the doors to new and exciting basic research. Metal-Organic Frameworks Materials provides a solid basis for the understanding of MOFs and insights into new inorganic materials structures and properties. The volume also reflects progress that has been made in recent years, presenting a wide range of new applications including state-of-the art developments in the promising technology for alternative fuels. The comprehensive volume investigates structures, symmetry, supramolecular chemistry, surface engineering, recognition, properties, and reactions. The content from this book will be added online to the Encyclopedia of Inorganic and Bioinorganic Chemistry: http://www.wileyonlinelibrary.com/ref/eibc
Author: De-en Jiang Publisher: John Wiley & Sons ISBN: 1119091179 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 397
Book Description
Covers a wide range of advanced materials and technologies for CO2 capture As a frontier research area, carbon capture has been a major driving force behind many materials technologies. This book highlights the current state-of-the-art in materials for carbon capture, providing a comprehensive understanding of separations ranging from solid sorbents to liquid sorbents and membranes. Filled with diverse and unconventional topics throughout, it seeks to inspire students, as well as experts, to go beyond the novel materials highlighted and develop new materials with enhanced separations properties. Edited by leading authorities in the field, Materials for Carbon Capture offers in-depth chapters covering: CO2 Capture and Separation of Metal-Organic Frameworks; Porous Carbon Materials: Designed Synthesis and CO2 Capture; Porous Aromatic Frameworks for Carbon Dioxide Capture; and Virtual Screening of Materials for Carbon Capture. Other chapters look at Ultrathin Membranes for Gas Separation; Polymeric Membranes; Carbon Membranes for CO2 Separation; and Composite Materials for Carbon Captures. The book finishes with sections on Poly(amidoamine) Dendrimers for Carbon Capture and Ionic Liquids for Chemisorption of CO2 and Ionic Liquid-Based Membranes. A comprehensive overview and survey of the present status of materials and technologies for carbon capture Covers materials synthesis, gas separations, membrane fabrication, and CO2 removal to highlight recent progress in the materials and chemistry aspects of carbon capture Allows the reader to better understand the challenges and opportunities in carbon capture Edited by leading experts working on materials and membranes for carbon separation and capture Materials for Carbon Capture is an excellent book for advanced students of chemistry, materials science, chemical and energy engineering, and early career scientists who are interested in carbon capture. It will also be of great benefit to researchers in academia, national labs, research institutes, and industry working in the field of gas separations and carbon capture.
Author: Lan Li Publisher: John Wiley & Sons ISBN: 1119231086 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 377
Book Description
Addresses materials, technology, and products that could help solve the global environmental crisis once commercialized This multidisciplinary book encompasses state-of-the-art research on the topics of Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS), and complements existing CCS technique publications with the newest research and reviews. It discusses key challenges involved in the CCS materials design, processing, and modeling and provides in-depth coverage of solvent-based carbon capture, sorbent-based carbon capture, membrane-based carbon capture, novel carbon capture methods, computational modeling, carbon capture materials including metal organic frameworks (MOF), electrochemical capture and conversion, membranes and solvents, and geological sequestration. Materials and Processes for CO2 Capture, Conversion and Sequestration offers chapters on: Carbon Capture in Metal-Organic Frameworks; Metal Organic Frameworks Materials for Post-Combustion CO2 Capture; New Progress of Microporous Metal-Organic Frameworks in CO2 Capture and Separation; In Situ Diffraction Studies of Selected Metal-Organic Framework (MOF) Materials for Guest Capture Applications; Electrochemical CO2 Capture and Conversion; Electrochemical Valorization of Carbon Dioxide in Molten Salts; Microstructural and Structural Characterization of Materials for CO2 Storage using Multi-Scale X-Ray Scattering Methods; Contribution of Density Functional Theory to Microporous Materials for Carbon Capture; and Computational Modeling Study of MnO2 Octahedral Molecular Sieves for Carbon Dioxide Capture Applications. Addresses one of the most pressing concerns of society—that of environmental damage caused by the greenhouse gases emitted as we use fossil fuels Covers cutting-edge capture technology with a focus on materials and technology rather than regulation and cost Highlights the common and novel CCS materials that are of greatest interest to industrial researchers Provides insight into CCS materials design, processing characterization, and computer modeling Materials and Processes for CO2 Capture, Conversion and Sequestration is ideal for materials scientists and engineers, energy scientists and engineers, inorganic chemists, environmental scientists, pollution control scientists, and carbon chemists.
Author: David Morris
Author: David Morris
Author: David J. Fisher
Author: Pooja Ghosh
Author: Sujit K. Ghosh
Author: Jennifer Wilcox
Author: Humbul Suleman
Author: Craig Alan McAnally
Author: Leonard R. MacGillivray
Author: De-en Jiang
Author: Lan Li